Kodi munayamba mwamvapo ngati mwadzidzidzi mwataya mphamvu pa mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu, kulankhula molakwika, kapena kutaya masomphenya anu kwakanthawi, koma zonse zinabwerera mwakale mkati mwa mphindi zochepa? Mukakumana ndi vuto lotere, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti, "O... ziyenera kuti zinali kutopa." Koma ichi si chinthu chomwe muyenera kuchitenga mopepuka. Ichi chingakhale chizindikiro chochenjeza, choyambitsa matenda oopsa a sitiroko omwe angakhudze moyo wanu. Lero, tikambirana za vutoli lomwe anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza, koma ndi lofunika kwambiri. Imeneyo ndi TIA, kapena Transient Ischemic Attack.
Kodi TIA ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) ndi kufooka kwakanthawi. Maselo athu a muubongo amafunikira mpweya ndi zakudya kuti agwire ntchito. Izi zimapezeka m'magazi. Ngati mtsempha wamagazi womwe umanyamula magazi kupita ku gawo lina la ubongo watsekedwa kwakanthawi, gawo limenelo sililandira magazi. Timatcha izi `(Ischemia)`. Panthawiyi, ntchito za thupi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi gawo limenelo la ubongo zimayima kwakanthawi. Komabe, mu TIA, kutsekeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi uwu kumakhala kwakanthawi . Pakangopita mphindi zochepa kapena maola ochepa, kutsekekako kumachotsedwa zokha, ndipo magazi amapita ku ubongo amabwezeretsedwa. Zizindikiro nazonso zimatha.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti TIA ili ngati sitiroko ndipo imafuna thandizo lachipatala mwachangu. Chifukwa zizindikiro zikayamba, palibe amene angadziwe ngati iyi ndi TIA yomwe idzachira mumphindi zochepa, kapena sitiroko yayikulu yomwe idzakhudza moyo wanu. Choncho musataye mphindi imodzi.
Kodi dzina lakuti "Mini-Stroke" ndi lolakwika?
Ma TIA nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mini-stroke," koma dzina limenelo si lolondola kwenikweni. "Mini" imatipangitsa kuganiza za chinthu chaching'ono komanso chopanda vuto. Koma TIA ingakhudze gawo lalikulu la ubongo. Komanso, TIA ingayambitse sitiroko yayikulu mkati mwa mphindi, maola, kapena masiku.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa TIA ndi stroke yayikulu:
1. Munthu wodwala matenda a sitiroko amatha kusiya yekha. Koma sitiroko siima ndipo imafunika kuchiritsidwa.
2. Popeza kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha kumachitika chifukwa cha sitiroko, kumatha kuwoneka bwino pa MRI scan. Komabe, popeza kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha sikumachitika mu TIA, MRI scan pambuyo poti zizindikiro zatha nthawi zambiri sizimasonyeza kusiyana kulikonse.
Kodi zizindikiro za TIA ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za TIA zimafanana kwambiri ndi za sitiroko. Zizindikirozi zimaonekera mwadzidzidzi, popanda chenjezo lililonse. Chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi chingachitike nthawi imodzi.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kufooka/kufooka kwa mbali imodzi ya thupi (Hemiplegia) | Kumva mwadzidzidzi dzanzi kapena kulemera mbali imodzi ya mkono, mwendo, kapena nkhope. Ngati kuti mukupita kukomoka. |
| Kuvuta kulankhula (Aphasia / Dysarthria) | Umasokonezeka ndi mawu, sudziwa choti unene, kapena umamva ngati ukugwedezeka mukamalankhula. |
| Kukoka mbali imodzi ya nkhope | Ndikayesa kumwetulira, mbali imodzi ya pakamwa panga imatsika. Sindingathe kulamulira minofu ya nkhope yanga. |
| Mavuto a maso (Diplopia) | Mwadzidzidzi mumataya masomphenya m'diso limodzi kapena onse awiri, maso anu saona bwino, kapena mukuona zinthu ziwiri nthawi imodzi. |
| Kuyenda movutikira komanso kulephera kuyenda bwino (Ataxia) | Mwadzidzidzi, ndikumva chizungulire, sindingathe kuyenda bwino, komanso ngati ndikugwedezeka. |
| Mutu wopweteka kwambiri mwadzidzidzi | Mutu woopsa komanso wodzidzimutsa, womwe simunakumanepo nawo m'moyo wanu, popanda chifukwa chomveka. |
| Kusokonezeka ndi zovuta kumvetsetsa | Zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena, ndipo mwadzidzidzi umaiwala zinthu monga komwe uli komanso nthawi. |
Nchifukwa chiyani TIA iyi imachitika?
TIA ndi sitiroko zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwezo. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kutsekeka kwakanthawi kwa mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapereka magazi ku ubongo. Pali njira zingapo zomwe izi zingachitikire:
- Kutsekeka kwa magazi: Pamene cholesterol ndi zinthu zina zikuwunjikana m'makoma a mitsempha yamagazi muubongo (izi zimatchedwa atherosclerosis), magazi amaundana amatha kupanga ndikutseka mitsempha yamagazi.
- Chotupa chomwe chapangika kwina chimapita ku ubongo (Thromboembolism): Tangoganizirani chotupa cha magazi chomwe chimapangika mu mtsempha waukulu wamagazi mumtima kapena pakhosi ("carotid artery``), chimasweka, chimayenda ndi magazi, ndikukakamira mu mtsempha wamagazi waung'ono mu ubongo. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotchedwa ``Atrial fibrillation``, lomwe ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika.
- Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi: Vutoli likhoza kuchitikanso chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono kwambiri yomwe ili mkati mwa ubongo.
- TIA Yosamveka (Cryptogenic TIA): Nthawi zina, ngakhale kuti mayeso ambiri amachitika, palibe chifukwa chenicheni chomwe chingapezeke cha TIA.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga TIA?
Anthu ena ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi TIA kuposa ena. Izi zimatchedwa zinthu zoopsa. Zina mwa izi tikhoza kuzilamulira.
| Choopsa | Momwe zimakhudzira |
|---|---|
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP) | Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu komanso choopsa kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawononga mitsempha yamagazi ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo choti itsekeke. |
| Matenda a Shuga (Mtundu wa 2 wa Matenda a Shuga)` | Shuga ikachuluka m'magazi, mitsempha yamagazi imawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziundana. |
| Kusuta | Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera magazi, kumawononga makoma a mitsempha yamagazi, komanso kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi. |
| Cholesterol yapamwamba `(Hyperlipidemia)` | Cholesterol yoipa (LDL) m'magazi imatha kuyikidwa pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi, pang'onopang'ono kuichepetsa ndikuitseka. |
| Matenda a mtima (makamaka `Atrial fibrillation`) | Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika kungayambitse magazi kuundana mkati mwa mtima ndikupita ku ubongo. |
| Kunenepa kwambiri (kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi) | Kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi cholesterol. |
| Kukalamba | Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka pamene mitsempha yamagazi ikusintha pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. |
Kodi TIA ndi yoopsa bwanji?
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe TIA imachitikira mwadzidzidzi ndichakuti imayambitsa sitiroko yayikulu. TIA ikachitika, thupi lanu limakutumizirani chenjezo lalikulu, loti, "Pali vuto ndi kuyenda kwa magazi kupita ku ubongo, chitanipo kanthu mwachangu, apo ayi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri."
Kumbukirani kuti pafupifupi 20% ya anthu omwe ali ndi TIA adzadwala sitiroko yayikulu mkati mwa masiku 90 otsatira. Theka la iwo adzakhala nayo mkati mwa masiku awiri oyambirira! Izi zikutanthauza kuti maola 48 otsatira a TIA ndi ofunikira kwambiri.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji TIA?
Mukapita kuchipatala ndi zizindikiro za TIA, madokotala amayamba kaye ayesa kudziwa ngati ndi TIA, sitiroko yayikulu, kapena vuto lina. Adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso awa:
1. Kukufunsani zambiri: Kukufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, nthawi yomwe zakhalapo, ndi matenda ena omwe muli nawo kuti mudziwe bwino za matenda anu.
2. Kuwunika thupi ndi mitsempha: Mphamvu ya thupi lanu, kukhazikika, kulankhula, ndi kuona zimayesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi gawo liti la ubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa.
3. Kujambula:
- Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography):Izi zitha kujambula chithunzi cha ubongo m'mphindi zochepa. Zimangoyang'ana ngati magazi akutuluka mu ubongo.
- Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zingapereke chithunzi chomveka bwino cha minofu ya ubongo. Kujambula kwa MRI ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tisiyanitse bwino pakati pa TIA ndi sitiroko yomwe ili ndi kuwonongeka kosatha.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, mayeso a mtima monga ``(ECG)``, ``(Echocardiogram)``, ndi mayeso a magazi angachitikenso kuti apeze chomwe chikuyambitsa.
Kodi matenda a TIA amachiritsidwa bwanji?
Popeza TIA ndi yakanthawi, palibe chithandizo chenicheni panthawiyo. Komabe, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikupewa sitiroko yayikulu mtsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuchiza vuto lalikulu lomwe linayambitsa TIA.
Mankhwala
- Mankhwala Oletsa Kuundana kwa Magazi: Mankhwala monga aspirin amaperekedwa kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana. Mankhwala ena monga clopidogrel angaperekedwenso.
- Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi: Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kwanu kuli kokwera, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala owongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol (Statins): Mankhwala monga Atorvastatin kapena Rosuvastatin amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi.
- Mankhwala Oletsa Kuundana kwa Magazi: Ngati muli ndi vuto monga atrial fibrillation, mungapatsidwe mankhwala amphamvu monga Warfarin ndi Apixaban kuti mupewe magazi kuundana.
Mankhwala ena
Nthawi zina, ngati mtsempha waukulu wamagazi m'khosi ('carotid artery') wachepa kwambiri, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ubwerere mwakale.
- Njira zochizira matenda a m'mimba: Katheta kakang'ono kamadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo kutsekekako kumakulitsidwa ndi chipangizo chonga baluni (angioplasty) kapena chipangizo chonga stent chimayikidwa kuti mtsemphawo ukhale wotseguka.
- Opaleshoni: Nthawi zina opaleshoni yotchedwa carotid endarterectomy imachitidwa kuti ichotse mafuta m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikuyeretsa mtsempha.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati muli ndi TIA?
Chofunika kwambiri chomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi ndi ichi: Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi zizindikiro za kufooka kwa ziwalo zomwe zili pamwambapa, musazengereze kwa mphindi imodzi.
Musadikire mpaka mutamva ngati, "O... izi zichepa pakapita kanthawi." Ngakhale zizindikirozo zitatha pakapita mphindi zochepa, musanyalanyaze. Imbani ambulansi nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi.
Kumbukirani, nthawi ndi maselo a muubongo. Mphindi iliyonse ikadutsa imatha kuwononga zinthu zambiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- TIA ndi kufooka kwakanthawi, koma ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri cha sitiroko yayikulu.
- Zizindikiro za TIA (kuzizira mbali imodzi ya thupi, kuvutika kulankhula, kugwada kwa nkhope) ndizofanana ndi za sitiroko. Kusiyana kokha ndichakuti zimatha mkati mwa mphindi kapena maola ochepa.
- Musanyalanyaze kutha kwa zizindikiro. Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.
- Cholinga chachikulu chochiza matenda a TIA ndikupewa sitiroko yayikulu mtsogolo. Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malangizo ndi mankhwala a dokotala wanu molondola.
- Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi cholesterol, kupewa kusuta fodya, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a TIA ndi sitiroko.
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