Kodi mumachiritsa bwanji kutupa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mphumu yanu? Tiyeni tikambirane!

Ngati muli ndi mphumu, nthawi zina mungamavutike kupuma. Kumva kupsinjika pachifuwa panu ndi kupuma movutikira ndiye zizindikiro zazikulu za mphumu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kutupa mkati mwa njira zanu zopumira, kapena zomwe madokotala amati `kutupa` . Kutupa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti njira zanu zopumira zikhale zochepa ndikudzaza ndi ntchofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma.

Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa mphumu ndi kutupa?

Ngati muli ndi mphumu, mwina mukudziwa kuti kutupa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti njira zanu zopumira zidzipe ndikuwonjezera kupanga mamina. Taganizirani ngati chitoliro chamadzi chotsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda movutikira. Kutupa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti njira zanu zopumira zikhale zosavuta. Kenako, zinthu zina (zomwe timazitcha "zoyambitsa" izi) monga fumbi, utsi, ndi dander ya nyama zikalowa m'thupi lanu, zimatha kuyambitsa mphumu mwachangu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuukira kwa mphumu .

Ichi ndichifukwa chake mankhwala oletsa kutupa ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu. Amaletsa njira yomwe imayambitsa mphumu kuyaka. Mwachidule, ali ngati kuika madzi pamoto.

Kodi mankhwala a mphumu ndi ati?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa kutupa komwe kumachitika mu mphumu. Mankhwala akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Mankhwala a Corticosteroids omwe amalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu njira yopumira (timawatcha kuti inhaler).
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa (omwe amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena kubayidwa mumtsempha) amaperekedwa kuti akhudze thupi lonse.
• Kuphatikiza apo, pali mankhwala otchedwa ``Mast cell stabilizers'' ndi ``Leukotriene modifiers''. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ``Corticosteroids''.
• Njira yatsopano yochiritsira ndi ``Monoclonal antibodies'' kapena ``biologic therapy''. Izi zimalunjika mwachindunji ku maselo omwe amayambitsa kutupa (``eosinophil cells'').

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala aliwonsewa mwatsatanetsatane .

Mankhwala a Corticosteroids Opumira: Bwenzi labwino kwambiri loletsa mphumu!

Mankhwala opumira a corticosteroids ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe alipo kuti achepetse kutupa ndi kupanga mamina m'njira zanu zopumira . Mtundu uwu wa inhaler nthawi zambiri ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe dokotala angakupatseni pa mphumu.

Kodi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito izi ndi wotani?

Pali ubwino wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito inhaler iyi moyenera:

• Zizindikiro za mphumu ndi kuphulika kwa matenda zimachepa.
• Ma beta agonists ogwira ntchito mwachidule, kapena monga momwe timawatchulira , ochepetsa ululu, kapena opumulira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidzidzidzi ndipo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe muyenera kuwagwiritsa ntchito.
• Mapapu anu amagwira ntchito bwino.
• Kufunika kopita kuzipinda zadzidzidzi ndi kugonekedwa kuchipatala kudzachepa.
• Ponseponse, mphumu imatha kulamuliridwa bwino.

Chofunika: Kumbukirani izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito izi!

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma steroid opumira awa amangoteteza zizindikiro za mphumu, osati kuchepetsa zizindikiro zomwe zilipo kale . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati muwamwa mukadwala mphumu, simudzalandira mpumulo nthawi yomweyo. Ndicho chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa mphumu.

Chopumira cha ``controller`` ichi (monga momwe timachitcha) chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse, monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera . Kwa ena, chingakhale kawiri patsiku, kwa ena, kamodzi patsiku. Si bwino kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito izi popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu, poganiza kuti zizindikiro zanu zikuchepa. Kuchita zimenezi kungapangitsenso mphumu yanu kukulirakulira.

Kodi mankhwala oletsa kupweteka m'mphuno awa ndi ati?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya corticosteroids yopumidwa pamsika. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• ``Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar RediHaler®)''
• `Budesonide (Pulmicort®; Symbicort®)`. (`(Symbicort®)` iyi ndi kuphatikiza kwa `(budesonide)` ndi `(formoterol)`.)
• `Ciclisonide (Alvesco® HFA)`
• `Fluticasone (Flovent® HFA; Advair® HFA ndi diskus, Wixela® Inhub, AirDuo®)`. (Izi zili ndi `(fluticasone)` ndi `(salmeterol)`.)
• Fluticasone furoate (Arnuity® Ellipta; Breo® Ellipta; Trelegy® Ellipta). (Breo® ili ndi fluticasone furoate ndi beta agonist yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali yotchedwa vilanterol. Trelegy® ili ndi umeclidinium kuwonjezera pa ziwirizi.)
• "Fluticasone propionate (ArmonAir® RespiClick)"
• `Mometasone (Asmanex®, Dulera®)`. (`(Dulera®)` ili ndi `(mometasone)` pamodzi ndi `(formoterol)`.)

Kodi mitundu iyi ya inhaler imapezeka bwanji?

Mankhwala oletsa kutupa otchedwa "(corticosteroids)" awa amabwera m'njira zitatu zazikulu:

1. `(Metered Dose Inhaler - MDI)`: Iyi ndi mtundu womwe umaoneka ngati chitini chaching'ono, ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito pamwamba. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito iyi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi `(valved holding chamber)` kapena `(spacer)` (chinthu chomwe timachitcha 'intermediate chamber' mu Chisinhala). `(spacer)` iyi imathandiza kuti mankhwala apite mwachindunji m'mapapo, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amaikidwa mkamwa ndi pakhosi. Izi zili ngati kugwiritsa ntchito chubu popopera madzi kuchokera mu chitini chothirira.

2. `(Chopumira cha Ufa Wouma - DPI)`: Ichi chili ndi mankhwala ngati ufa wouma. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popuma mpweya wambiri.

3. `(Njira zothetsera vuto la nebulizer)`: Izi zimabwera ngati madzi. Zimaphikidwa ndi nthunzi ndikupumidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina ang'onoang'ono (`(makina oletsa vuto la nebulizer)`). Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kwa ana aang'ono komanso omwe ali ndi mphumu yayikulu.

Kodi ndiyenera kuopa kugwiritsa ntchito izi? Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse zoyipa?

Mankhwala opumira a corticosteroids ndi mankhwala otetezeka kwambiri kwa akuluakulu ndi ana . Zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zochepa, makamaka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wochepa.

Komabe, nthawi zina, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mochuluka, matenda a bowa mkamwa (thrush) amatha kuchitika, ndipo mawu anu amatha kusintha (kukhala osamveka bwino). Izi n'zosavuta kupewa. Mukagwiritsa ntchito inhaler iliyonse , tsukani pakamwa panu bwino, pukutani tsitsi lanu, ndikutulutsa mankhwalawo . Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito MDI, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezochi pogwiritsa ntchito spacer. Ngati mwangozi mwadwala thrush, imatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ndi mankhwala oletsa bowa omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.

Kodi dokotala amapereka bwanji izi?

Dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amayesa kukupatsani mankhwala ochepa kwambiri omwe angachepetse mphumu yanu. Anthu ambiri amachita mantha akamva mawu akuti "steroids." Izi zili choncho chifukwa adamvapo za ma anabolic steroids, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othamanga kuti amange minofu. Koma ma steroids a mphumu sali choncho . Ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa. Ndipotu, kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse kungathandize kuchepetsa mphumu yanu.

Mankhwala a Corticosteroids a m'thupi: Thandizo la mphumu yoopsa!

Mankhwala otchedwa "Systemic corticosteroids" awa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa a mphumu. Amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena zakumwa (''mkamwa''), kapena amaperekedwa m'thupi kudzera m'mitsempha (''intravenous - IV'`).

Kodi izi zaperekedwa nthawi yanji?

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena kuti athetse matenda a mphumu omwe amabwera mwadzidzidzi, kapena kuchiza mphumu yomwe imakhala yovuta kuyilamulira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi izi zimayamba bwanji kugwira ntchito?

Ma steroids ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi amatenga pafupifupi maola atatu kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito, ndipo zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimawonedwa patatha maola asanu ndi limodzi mpaka khumi ndi awiri. Nthawi zina amaperekedwa mu mlingo waukulu kwa masiku angapo (wotchedwa steroid burst), kapena mlingo umachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi (wotchedwa steroid taper). Nthawi zina, kuti azitha kuwongolera kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kuperekedwa mu mlingo wotsika tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lina lililonse.

Kodi mitundu iyi ya `(Systemic Steroids)` ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya "systemic steroids" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (izi zimapezekanso ngati zinthu "zodziwika"):

• `Cortisone acetate`
• `Dexamethasone`
• `Hydrocortisone (Cortef®)`
• `Methylprednisolone (Medrol®, Solu-Medrol®, Depo-medrol®)`
• `Prednisone (Deltasone®)`
• `Prednisolone (Prelone®, Pediapred®, Orapred®)`

Kodi tiyeneranso kudziwa zotsatira zake?

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri zimachitika mukagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali . Zotsatira zoyipa izi zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Ziphuphu.
• Kulemera.
• Kusintha kwa maganizo kapena khalidwe.
• Kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba (monga gastritis).
• Kufooka kwa mafupa, kutayika kwa mafupa.
• Kusintha kwa maso, mwachitsanzo glaucoma (kuthamanga kwa maso kowonjezereka) kapena kataract (kuphimba maso).
• (Mayina a ana) kuchedwa kukula.

Koma kumbukirani, zotsatirapo zake sizimachitika kawirikawiri zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kanthawi kochepa . Muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito kwa kanthawi kochepa kokha ngati mphumu yanu ili yoopsa kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi mphumu yosalamulirika ndipo mukufunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a steroid kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala wa mapapu kapena katswiri wa ziwengo. Angakuthandizeni kusankha njira zamakono zochiritsira ndikukutumizirani kwa akatswiri ena ngati pakufunika kutero.

Zosintha za Leukotriene: Thandizo lina!

Kodi izi ndi ziti? Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ma leukotriene ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwachibadwa m'thupi lathu. Amapangitsa kuti minofu ya m'njira zathu zopumira imamatire ndikuwonjezera kupanga mamina. Mankhwala osintha a leukotriene amaletsa ntchito ya ma leukotriene. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa angathandize kukonza kupuma ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro za mphumu. Amabwera ngati mapiritsi. Amamwedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku. Mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ena a mphumu omwe mukufuna.

Kodi mitundu ya `(Leukotriene Modifiers)` ndi iti?

Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi ndi awa:

• `Montelukast (Singulair®)`
• `Zafirlukast (Accolate®)`
• `Zileuton (Zyflo®)`

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse?

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi mutu ndi nseru. Mankhwala osinthira a leukotriene amathanso kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena (monga mankhwala a mphumu a theophylline ndi warfarin wothira magazi). Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa.

Ma antibodies a monoclonal - Therapy ya Biologic: Chiyembekezo chatsopano cha mphumu yoopsa!

Ma antibodies a monoclonal ndi mtundu wa mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mphumu yoopsa. Amagwira ntchito poletsa thupi kuyankha zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa. Amalunjika mwachindunji ku maselo omwe ali mbali ya chitetezo chathu chamthupi, monga maselo a eosinophil.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala awa. Amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni pansi pa khungu ku ofesi ya dokotala, ngati jakisoni wa IV kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, kapena ena amadzibaya okha kunyumba. Anthu omwe amatenga mankhwala awa nthawi zambiri amalandira chithandizo milungu iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu iliyonse (kutengera ndi momwe wodwalayo alili). Muyenera kukhala pansi pa chisamaliro cha dokotala wa mapapu kapena katswiri wa ziwengo ngati mukumwa mankhwala awa.

Mast Cell Stabilizers: Mankhwala Omwe Sagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kawirikawiri

Mast cell stabilizers amagwira ntchito poletsa kutulutsidwa kwa histamine ndi zinthu zina zotupa kuchokera ku mast cells. Komabe, izi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pochiza mphumu.

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira!

Mphumu ndi kutupa kosatha (kutanthauza, kosalekeza) kwa njira zopumira m'mapapo mwanu. Kungakhale ngati kamwa kakang'ono komwe kumakhala mkati nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, mwa kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, mutha kuwongolera bwino mphumu yanu ndikusunga mapapo athanzi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kumbukirani, kukhala ndi mphumu kungakhale kovuta, koma ndi chithandizo choyenera, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wokangalika. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndikupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lingakuthandizeni. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopumira bwino!

` Phumu, Kutupa, Chopumira, Corticosteroids, Chithandizo, Matenda Opumira