Kodi mukuda nkhawa pang'ono ndi majini a mwana wanu? Tiyeni tikambirane za Trisomy!

Mwina munamvapo mawu oti "Trisomy" kapena dokotala wanu mwina anatchulapo. Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso chidwi mukamva izi. Kodi trisomy ndi chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani zimachitika? Kodi zidzakhudza bwanji mwana? Tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Trisomy ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu limapangidwa ndi mamiliyoni a maselo ang'onoang'ono. Mkati mwa selo lililonse, muli malo ngati malo olamulira a selo limenelo, lomwe timalitcha kuti nucleus . Mkati mwa nucleus imeneyo muli zinthu zotchedwa `Chromosomes` . Izi zili ngati mabuku. Chilichonse chokhudza thupi lathu, khalidwe lililonse lomwe limatisiyanitsa ndi ena (monga kutalika, mtundu, mtundu wa tsitsi, mtundu wa maso) zalembedwa m'mabuku awa otchedwa chromosomes. Chidziwitso ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha `DNA` .

Kawirikawiri, selo lililonse mwa munthu wathanzi limakhala ndi ma chromosome 23. Ma chromosome onse ndi 46. Hafu ya awa, 23, amachokera kwa amayi athu, ndipo theka linalo, 23, amachokera kwa abambo athu.

Tsopano, tanthauzo la trisomy ndi ili: Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera pa imodzi mwa ma chromosome awiriwa, chromosome yowonjezera imawonjezedwa. Kenako chiwerengero chonse cha ma chromosome chimakhala 47 m'malo mwa 46. "Tri" amatanthauza zitatu, ndipo "somy" amatanthauza chinthu chonga thupi. Chifukwa chake, trisomy imangokhala ndi ma chromosome atatu pomwe payenera kukhala awiri.

Ngakhale kuti mwana wokhala ndi chromosome yowonjezerayi akhoza kubadwa nthawi yonse, nthawi zina amatha kubweretsa mimba m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya trisomy ndi iti?

Madokotala amazindikira vutoli la trisomy kutengera ndi chromosome yomwe chromosome yowonjezera ili. Chifukwa chromosome iliyonse ili ndi gawo lake m'thupi lathu, momwe majini a mwana amakhalira zimasiyana kutengera komwe chromosome yowonjezera imawonjezeredwa.

Matenda ofala kwambiri a trisomy ndi awa:

• Trisomy 21 : Ili ndi vuto lomwe tonse timalidziwa kuti Down syndrome . Pali chromosome yowonjezera mu chromosome ya 21.
• Trisomy 18 : Iyi imatchedwanso matenda a Edward .
• Trisomy 13 : Ichi chimatchedwa Patau syndrome .

Mofananamo, ma chromosome awiriawiri a 23 omwe ali m'majini athu amasankha kugonana kwathu. Izi zimatchedwa `XX` kwa mkazi ndi `XY` kwa mwamuna. Maselo akamagawikana, zolakwika mu ma chromosome ogonana awa zimatha kuchitikanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale trisomies. Zitsanzo za izi ndi izi:

• Trisomy X (`Trisomy X` kapena `XXX`)
• Matenda a Klinefelter (`Klinefelter syndrome` kapena `XXY`)
• Matenda a Jacob (`matenda a Jacob` kapena `XYY`)

Ndani amene angakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi vuto la trisomy limeneli?

Ndipotu, matenda a trisomy amatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse yomwe ali ndi pakati. Komabe, zapezeka kuti chiopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu pang'ono akazi azaka zopitilira 35 akatenga mimba . Komabe, modabwitsa, ana ambiri obadwa ndi trisomy amabadwira kwa makolo osakwana zaka 35. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, malinga ndi ziwerengero, ana ambiri amabadwira kwa anthu osakwana zaka 35.

Chofunika kwambiri: Trisomy si chinthu chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwa mayi kapena bambo, koma ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika mwangozi.

Kodi trisomy ndi yofala bwanji?

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa trisomy ndi trisomy 21, kapena Down syndrome. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States kokha, makanda pafupifupi 6,000 amabadwa ndi Down syndrome chaka chilichonse. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mwana mmodzi pa makanda 700 aliwonse amabadwa ndi Down syndrome.

Kodi zizindikiro za trisomy pa nthawi ya mimba ndi ziti?

Pa nthawi yowunikira mimba yanu pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound , dokotala wanu adzafufuza zizindikiro za trisomy. Zizindikiro zina ndi izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa madzi ozungulira mwana (amniotic fluid) ndi kochepa kwambiri.
• Chingwe cha mwana chili ndi mtsempha umodzi wokha m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha ya mwana nthawi zonse.
• Placenta ndi yaying'ono kuposa yachibadwa.
• Kusuntha kwa mwana (kugwedezeka) kumawoneka ngati kochepa.
• Mwanayo amaoneka wamng'ono kuposa msinkhu wake weniweni.
• Matenda ena akuthupi, mwachitsanzo, mavuto ena a mtima kapena kusweka kwa mkamwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala zotani mwana akangobadwa?

Zizindikiro zomwe mwana angakumane nazo zingasiyane malinga ndi mtundu wa trisomy. Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kukhala wamfupi kuposa wachibadwa (waufupi).
• Nkhope yozungulira ndi nkhope yosalala.
• Maso ake akuyang'ana mopendekeka.
• Mkamwa wosweka.
• Kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zamkati (monga mtima, mapapo, impso) kapena mavuto ndi ntchito yawo.
• Kuchedwa kukula ndi kulephera kwa nzeru.

N’chifukwa chiyani trisomy iyi imachitika? Kufotokozera kwasayansi kwambiri...

Ma chromosome m'matupi athu amapangidwa mwadongosolo lapadera. Mndandanda wa maselowu uli ngati "dongosolo" la ife. Maselo a ziwalo zoberekera akapangidwa (umuna mwa amuna, mazira mwa akazi), amayamba ndi selo limodzi lokhala ndi umuna. Kenako selo ili limadutsa mu njira yotchedwa meiosis . Apa ndi pomwe selo limodzi limagawikana kawiri, ndikupanga maselo anayi. Selo lililonse latsopano lili ndi theka la kuchuluka kwa DNA mu selo loyambirira, kapena ma chromosome 23.

Iyi ndi njira yogawa maselo (meiosis).Nthawi zina maselo amatha kugawikana molakwika. Zimenezi zikachitika, selo lina limabwera n’kulumikiza ma chromosome awiri. Kawirikawiri, payenera kukhala ma chromosome awiri pa awiriawiri. Koma apa, chromosome yachitatu imapanga ndikugwirizanitsa awiriawiriwo. Zimenezo zimatchedwa trisomy.

Trisomy imachitika nthawi yobereka . Izi zimachitika mwangozi, osati chifukwa cha chilichonse chomwe mayi amachita panthawi ya mimba. Komabe, monga tafotokozera kale, chiopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu pang'ono kwa iwo omwe amatenga mimba atatha zaka 35.

Kodi matenda a trisomy amawapeza bwanji?

Kuyezetsa majini panthawi ya mimba kungapereke zizindikiro zokhudza kukhalapo kwa trisomy. Mwana akabadwa, vutoli limatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa thupi ndi kuyezetsa kwina kwa majini a chromosome pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha magazi kuchokera kwa mwana.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira trisomy?

Pa nthawi ya mimba, dokotala wanu mwina angakufunseni kuti akutengereni magazi kuchokera kwa amayi anu ndi kukajambula. Monga tanenera kale, kujambulako kudzafufuza zinthu monga madzi ochulukirapo ozungulira mwana, lucency ya nuchal , ndi kutalika kwa miyendo ya mwana. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za vuto la majini.

Pambuyo pa mayeso oyambira awa, pali mayeso ena enieni otsimikizira vutoli:

• Kuyesa mayeso a Chorionic villus (CVS): Pakati pa masabata 10 ndi 13 a mimba, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha maselo chimatengedwa kuchokera ku placenta kuti akayese matenda a majini ndi kugonana kwa mwana.
• Amniocentesis: Pakati pa masabata 15 ndi 20 a mimba, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha madzi amniotic ozungulira mwana chimatengedwa kuti chione ngati pali mavuto ena azaumoyo.
• Kuyesa magazi a m'mimba mwa mwana (PUBS): Kuyesa magazi pang'ono kuchokera ku umbilical cord ya mwana kumatengedwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi thanzi labwino.
• Kuyezetsa mwana asanabadwe (NIPT): Pambuyo pa milungu 10 ya mimba, magazi a mayi amayesedwa kuti awone ngati mwana ali ndi vuto lililonse la majini.

Kodi matenda a trisomy amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Matenda a Trisomy ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chikufunika kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi vutoli. Mankhwala a ana obadwa ndi trisomy ndi awa:

• Opaleshoni yokonza zolakwika zakuthupi.
• Kupereka chithandizo cha maphunziro .
• Kulankhula, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi .
• Mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro za matenda ena omwe angayambe pakapita nthawi.

Kodi pali njira yochepetsera chiopsezo cha trisomy?

Ndipotu, matenda a majini monga trisomy sangapeweke. Chifukwa chakuti vuto la chromosome limachitika mwachisawawa panthawi yogawa maselo, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi vuto la majini pochita izi:

• Kumvetsetsa zoopsa za mimba ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 35.
• Kuyezetsa majini musanayambe kutenga mimba.
• Kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya ndi mowa.
• Samalani thanzi lanu mwa kudya zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Kodi trisomy iyi idzakhudza bwanji mwana wanga?

Chifukwa chakuti chromosome yowonjezera imasintha "dongosolo" la mwana, ingayambitse zilema zobadwa nazo ( monga mawonekedwe osiyana a nkhope) ndi zilema zamaganizo. Ana ambiri obadwa ndi trisomy 12 adzakhala ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo (monga matenda am'makutu pafupipafupi, matenda a mtima, ndi kupuma movutikira) matendawa atapezeka. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera, mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wokhutiritsa .

Komabe, makanda obadwa ndi matenda monga Trisomy 18 kapena Trisomy 13 ali ndi mwayi wochepa wopulumuka kupitirira milungu ingapo yoyambirira ya moyo (nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana) chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa vutoli (makamaka kuchedwa kapena kusokonekera kwa kukula kwa ziwalo). Dokotala wanu adzayesa thanzi la mwana wanu ndikupereka chithandizo kuti awonjezere mwayi wopulumuka kwa makanda obadwa ndi matendawa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zotsatira zina zoyipa za trisomy ndi chiopsezo cha kutaya mimba . Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za kutaya mimba (zomwe zatchulidwa pansipa), pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba.
• Kupweteka kwa msana.
• Kupweteka m'mimba.
• Kutuluka magazi pang'ono kapena kwakukulu.
• Kudwala chimfine ndi malungo.

Kodi ndi mafunso otani ofunika kufunsa dokotala?

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse:

• Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi matenda a majini monga trisomy?
• Kodi ndi mayeso ati a mimba omwe mumalimbikitsa kuti mutsimikizire ngati mwana wanga ali ndi vuto la majini?
• Kodi ndingathe kutenga mimba bwino nditapezeka ndi matenda a trisomy?

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa trisomy ndi monosomy ndi kotani?

Zonsezi ndi matenda a majini.

• Trisomy ndi kupezeka kwa kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome.
• Monosomy ndi kusakhalapo kwa kopi imodzi ya chromosome (monga kutayika kwa chromosome imodzi).

Matenda onsewa a majini amapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika panthawi yogawa maselo. Kusakhazikika kumeneku sikungalephereke kuchitika panthawi yogawa maselo.

Zoyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Popeza palibe njira yopewera matenda obwera chifukwa cha majini monga trisomy, ngati mukukonzekera kutenga pakati, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyezetsa majini kuti muwone ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi vuto la majini.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a trisomy muli ndi pakati, musachite mantha. Pali chithandizo ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wokhutiritsa. Uphungu wa majini ungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa vuto la mwana wanu ndikupereka chisamaliro ndi chithandizo chomwe akufunikira akamakula. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha.

Trisomy , ma chromosome, majini, Down syndrome, mimba, mayeso a majini, Patau syndrome, Edward syndrome