Kodi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri angachiritsidwe kwathunthu? Tiyeni tidziwe zambiri zaposachedwa!

Matenda a shuga akhala matenda ofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu. Mwina m'modzi mwa abale anu, mnzanu, kapena inu nokha mukukhudzidwa ndi vutoli. Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri makamaka ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi lomwe limakhudza anthu oposa 400 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati sakulamuliridwa bwino, angayambitse mavuto oopsa monga kuwonongeka kwa impso, kutayika kwa maso, matenda a mtima, ndi ziwalo. Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yoposa 30 ya mankhwala oletsa matendawa, palibe ngakhale imodzi yomwe ingachiritse matendawa kwathunthu. Koma ... kafukufuku watsopano akusonyeza kuti vutoli lingasinthe. Tiyeni tiwone momwe lingasinthire.

Zimene takhala tikuganizira zokhudza matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali

Zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri zapitazo, ngati mutafunsa katswiri wokhudza matenda a shuga, anganene kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi 'kukana insulin'. Mwachidule, insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba wathu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutenga shuga (shuga) yomwe imachokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya ndikuyiyika m'maselo a thupi lathu. Pamenepo ndi pomwe maselo amapeza mphamvu.

Ganizirani za insulin ngati kiyi, ndipo maselo ngati chitseko. Insulin ndi kiyi yomwe imatsegula chitseko kuti shuga ilowe m'maselo.

Koma, maselo a munthu amene ali ndi vuto la insulin sayankha bwino insulin iyi. Zili ngati kuti bowo la chitseko lachita dzimbiri. Kenako, chifukwa chitseko sichingatsegulidwe, kapamba ayenera kupanga makiyi ambiri a insulin. Pakapita nthawi, kapamba amakhala wofooka chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika. Pamenepo ndi pamene matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri amachitika. Iyi ndi nkhani yomwe takhala tikuidziwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chinthu chatsopano chofunikira kwambiri: Nkhani ya maselo a beta

Tsopano asayansi apeza kuti vuto si kukana insulin kokha. Gawo lina la vuto lili m'maselo athu a beta . Awa ndi maselo omwe amakhala mkati mwa kapamba ndipo ali ngati mafakitale ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga insulin.

Maselo ambiri a beta omwe matupi athu amafunikira amapangidwa m'zaka zochepa zoyambirira za moyo wathu. Koma anthu ena amabadwa ndi maselo ambiri a beta kuposa ena. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale atakula ndi insulin, mafakitale awo a beta cell amatha kupanga insulin yambiri kuti iwathandize.

Kotero, cholinga chachikulu tsopano ndikupeza mankhwala omwe angathe kubwezeretsanso maselo a beta omwe akumwalira kapena kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo omwe alipo. Ngati zimenezo zingatheke, matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri akhoza kuchiritsidwa, osati kungolamuliridwa.

Mankhwala aposachedwa omwe abweretsa chiyembekezo

Pamene asayansi ankafufuza izi, adapeza mankhwala omwe angathandize kukulitsa maselo a beta awa. Amatchedwa harmine . Ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'zomera zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.

Mankhwalawa, otchedwa harmine, amagwira ntchito poletsa enzyme yotchedwa DYRK1A mkati mwa maselo a beta. Izi zikatsekedwa, maselo a beta amayamba kugawikana, kuchulukana, ndikukula. Mu mayeso omwe adachitika pa mbewa, mbewa za matenda ashuga zomwe zidapatsidwa mankhwalawa zidakula katatu kukula kwa maselo a beta! Nthawi yomweyo, shuga m'magazi mwawo adabwerera mwakale.

Koma, kuti izi zitheke mwa anthu, asayansi anazindikira kuti pakufunika china chake. Choncho, anayesa mankhwala a harmine ndi gulu lina la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pa matenda a shuga. Gulu la mankhwala amenewo limatchedwa GLP1R agonists . Ngati ndinu munthu amene mumamwa mankhwala a shuga, mwina munamvapo mayina awa: `(exenatide)`, `(liraglutide)`, `(lixisenatide)` ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe ali mgululi. Amagwira ntchito polimbikitsa maselo a beta ndikulimbikitsa kupanga insulin.

Ndiye, chinachitika n’chiyani pamene mankhwala awiriwa anaphatikizidwa? Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa!

Zotsatirazi zapangitsa kuti anthu akhale ndi chidaliro chachikulu kuti njira imeneyi yochiritsira ipambananso mwa anthu.

Vuto lomwe likubwerali ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira?

Vuto lalikulu tsopano ndi momwe tingatumizire mankhwala osakanizawa mwachindunji ku maselo a beta. Asayansi akunena kuti, "Tili ndi phukusi lochiritsira maselo a beta, koma sitikudziwa adilesi yeniyeni yoti titumizireko." Monga yankho, akuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chotchedwa monoclonal antibodies . Izi zili ngati ntchito yanzeru yotumizira mankhwala yomwe ingapereke phukusi lathu la mankhwala mwachindunji ku maselo a beta.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi n’zofunika kwambiri?

Tangoganizani, mankhwala a matenda a shuga omwe alipo panopa amangolamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati musiya kumwa mankhwalawo, matendawa adzabwereranso.

Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chatsala pang'ono kupeza yankho lokhazikika mpaka pano ndi opaleshoni ya bariatric . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti matenda a shuga achepe. Koma kwa anthu 400 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, opaleshoni si yothandiza. Ndi yokwera mtengo, yoopsa, ndipo imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ichiritse.

Koma ngati mankhwala atsopanowa apambana, akhoza kusintha miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Sikuti amangoletsa zizindikiro zokha, komanso amabwezeretsa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, chomwe ndi kutayika kwa maselo a beta.