Kodi mankhwala omwewo amagwira ntchito kwa aliyense? Tiyeni tikambirane za tsogolo la mankhwala: Precision Medicine!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake mankhwala ndi njira zomwezo sizigwira ntchito pa matenda onse ndi munthu aliyense? Nthawi zina mankhwala omwe mumapereka kwa mnzanu wa matenda omwewo sangagwire ntchito kwa inu. Ndicho chifukwa chake dziko lapansi likulankhula za njira yatsopanoyi yachipatala ngati yankho. Izi zimatchedwa 'Precision Medicine' kapena ``(Precision Medicine)''. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane lero.

Kodi Precision Medicine ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, uwu ndi chithandizo chamankhwala choyenera kwa inu, chomwe chili chapadera kwa inu. Tangoganizirani, majini anu, malo omwe mumakhala, moyo wanu - iyi ndi njira yatsopano yopezera chidziwitso chokhudza zonsezi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti akupatseni chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri chaumoyo. Mwanjira imeneyi, asayansi ndi madokotala amatha kuneneratu pasadakhale mtundu wa njira zopewera matenda, mtundu wa mankhwala, ndi gulu lomwe lidzakhale loyenera. Izi zimatchedwanso 'mankhwala opangidwa payekha'.

Kawirikawiri, timaona kuti madokotala nthawi zambiri amakonza chithandizo m'njira yoti chigwire ntchito kwa 'munthu wamba'. Izi zikutanthauza njira ya 'yofanana ndi ya onse'. Mu izi, saganizira kwambiri za kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa anthu. Chifukwa chake, njira iyi imagwira ntchito bwino kwa anthu ena, pa matenda ena. Koma, kwa anthu ena, pa matenda ena, sigwira ntchito konse. Imeneyo ndiye yankho la izi, lomwe limatchedwa `(Precision Medicine)`. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusankha chithandizo chomwe chikugwirizana bwino ndi thupi lanu, majini anu, ndi moyo wanu.

Kodi Precision Medicine Initiative iyi ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi pulogalamu yofunika kwambiri komanso yapadera yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi National Institutes of Health (NIH) ku United States - kutanthauza bungwe lalikulu kwambiri kumeneko lomwe limafufuza matenda ndikugwira ntchito yokonza thanzi - pamodzi ndi mabungwe ena ofufuza odziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Khama lawo lalikulu ndikupeza njira zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu monga majini anu, malo anu, ndi moyo wanu pochiza ndi kupewa matenda.

"Precision Medicine Initiative" iyi ili ndi zolinga za nthawi yochepa komanso yayitali.

• " Cholinga cha kanthawi kochepa ndikubweretsa lingaliro ili la ``Precision Medicine'' ku kafukufuku wa khansa. Asayansi ku US National Cancer Institute akufuna kumvetsetsa bwino za biology ndi majini a khansa ndikupanga njira zatsopano komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, khansa ikayamba, ngati mukudziwa bwino mtundu wa khansa ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kunayambitsa, mutha kuipatsa mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito bwino, sichoncho?"
• " Cholinga cha nthawi yayitali""Izi zikunena za kukulitsa '(Precision Medicine)' ku mbali zonse za chisamaliro chaumoyo. Pachifukwa ichi, '(NIH)' yayambitsa pulogalamu yapadera yofufuza yotchedwa '(All of Us Research Program)'. Kudzera mu kafukufukuyu, akusonkhanitsa chidziwitso kuchokera ku gulu lalikulu la anthu omwe ali ndi majini osiyanasiyana komanso moyo wawo, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito deta imeneyo, akuyesera kupeza momwe angapangire chisamaliro chaumoyo kukhala chabwino kwa aliyense."

Kodi timapeza phindu lotani kuchokera ku Precision Medicine?

Njira iyi ya "Precision Medicine" ingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe mumalandira m'njira zambiri. Onani maubwino awa:

• Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito chidziwitso chanu cha majini kuti akuthandizeni pa chisamaliro chamankhwala cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Tangoganizirani momwe zimenezo zingakhalire zothandiza! Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena angayambitse mavuto ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi majini enaake. Kudziwa zambiri za majini anu kungakuthandizeni kupewa kumwa mankhwala amenewo.
• Timamvetsetsa bwino chifukwa chake matenda amapezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo mongochiza zizindikiro, tikhoza kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.
• Mukhoza kudziwa pasadakhale mankhwala omwe ali oyenera kwa inu . Kenako mutha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osafunikira komanso zotsatirapo zake. Mumasunga nthawi ndi ndalama.
• Pali njira zapamwamba kwambiri zopewera, kuzindikira, ndi kuchiza matenda. N'zothekanso kudziwa ngati pali matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majini asanakule.
• Zolemba zanu zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi thanzi (EHRs) - zolemba za matenda anu, mankhwala, ndi mayeso omwe amasungidwa mu kompyuta - zidzakhala zosavuta kuzipeza. Izi zipangitsa kuti madokotala azitha kupeza zambiri zachipatala mosavuta ndikukonzekera chithandizo.

Kodi Precision Medicine ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti pakadali pano?

Madokotala akugwiritsa kale ntchito njira iyi ya "Precision Medicine" m'magawo ambiri azachipatala. Ngakhale ikadali pachiyambi, zotsatira zake ndi zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Katswiri wa khansa ya m'mawere
• Chithandizo cha khansa
• Pharmacogenomics
• Matenda osowa

Kodi tikambirane za chilichonse mwa izi mwatsatanetsatane? Mukatero mudzamvetsa kufunika kwa izi bwino.

Kodi matenda a oncology olondola ndi chiyani?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagawa khansa potengera gawo la thupi lomwe lili (monga khansa ya m'mapapo, khansa ya m'mawere) kapena mtundu wa minofu (monga lymphoma). Koma ndi "Precision Medicine" iyi, tsopano akupeza zizindikiro za mamolekyu a khansa zosiyanasiyana.Izi zikutanthauza kuti, monga momwe timachitira ndi zala zathu, timazindikira mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono a mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhala kosiyana ndi khansa iliyonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro izi, khansa imagawidwanso m'magulu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ofufuza apeza kuti khansa zomwe zimakula m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi zimatha kufanana kwambiri pamlingo wa mamolekyu. Chifukwa chake, "Precision oncology" iyi imalola madokotala kusankha chithandizo kutengera "DNA signature" ya khansa ya munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo mopatsa aliyense mankhwala omwewo, angapereke chithandizo chomwe chimagwirizana ndi khansayo, kusintha kwa majini. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chithandizocho chikhale chopambana kwambiri.

Kodi chithandizo cha matenda a khansa n'chiyani?

Kodi mukudziwa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimatha kuletsa khansa zina kuti zisakule? Izi zili choncho chifukwa chili ndi mphamvu yachibadwa yozindikira ndikuwononga maselo osayenera. Komabe, nthawi zina maselo a khansa amakhala achinyengo kwambiri kotero kuti amathawa chitetezo cha mthupichi, kubisala, ndikukula.

Koma, kudzera mu njira iyi yotchedwa ``Cancer immunotherapy'', asayansi tsopano akunyenga maselo a khansa! Kodi mukudziwa momwe angachitire? Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chanu cha mthupi kuti muchepetse khansa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuichiritsa kwathunthu. Izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, sichoncho?

Mitundu iyi ya mankhwala a "Cancer immunotherapy" imatha kutsanzira momwe mamolekyu achilengedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi lanu amagwirira ntchito, kapena kuwalimbitsa. Mitundu iyi ya mankhwala ndi awa:

• Ma antibodies oletsa khansa amamangirira ku maselo a khansa ndikuwawononga.
• Njira zomwe zimatenga maselo anu a chitetezo chamthupi, "kuziwonjezera" mu labu, ndikuzibwezeretsanso m'thupi lanu.
• Katemera wochizira ndi katemera wapadera amene amaphunzitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuukira maselo a khansa.

Kodi Pharmacogenomics ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi nkhani yozama pang'ono, koma ndi yofunika kwambiri. Pharmacogenomics ndi kuphunzira momwe DNA yanu imayankhira ku mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Gawoli limaphatikiza pharmacology - kuphunzira mankhwala - ndi genomics - kuphunzira majini - kuti apange mankhwala otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima komanso mlingo womwe umagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa majini anu.

Mwachidule, cholinga cha ``Pharmacogenomics'' ndikusiya njira ya 'kukula kofanana ndi zonse''. Ofufuza tsopano akudziwa kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza momwe thupi lanu limayankhira mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Sikuti ndi zaka zanu zokha, jenda, kapena kukula kwa thupi lanu. Majini anu nawonso amachita gawo lalikulu pa izi. ``Precision Medicine'' imayesetsa kukupatsani mankhwala oyenera, pa mlingo woyenera, wa thupi lanu. Kenako mankhwalawo adzagwira ntchito bwino ndipo sadzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri.

Matenda osowa komanso mankhwala olondola

Malinga ndi ofufuza, anthu pafupifupi 25-30 miliyoni ku United States kokha ali ndi matenda osowa a majini. Palinso odwala otere ku Sri Lanka. Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matendawa n'kovuta kwambiri. Mavuto ambiri azachipatala ovuta kwambiri aphunziridwa kudzera mu 'Pulogalamu Yosapezeka ndi Matenda' ku (NIH). Kudzera mu kafukufukuyu, atha kuzindikira matenda ambiri otere. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa majini, zatheka kuzindikira zolakwika zenizeni za majini zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osowa awa.

Bungwe la NIH tsopano lakulitsa pulogalamuyi ku malo ena angapo mdziko lonselo kuti liphunzire matenda ambiri. Akugwira ntchito ndi anzawo ena angapo kuti apange mwachangu njira zochizira matenda osowa awa. Precision Medicine ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa anthu ngati awa.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa 'Precision Medicine' ndi 'Personalized Medicine' ndi kotani?

Malinga ndi bungwe la US National Research Council, 'Mankhwala Opangidwa Mwapadera' ndi mawu akale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za 'Mankhwala Oyenera'. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mawu awiriwa amatanthauza chinthu chomwecho.

Komabe, bungweli lakhala likuda nkhawa pang'ono kuti anthu akamanena kuti 'zapadera', amaganiza kuti munthu aliyense adzalandira chithandizo chosiyana, chopangidwa mwapadera. Komabe, cholinga cha ``Precision Medicine'' sichili pa inu nokha. M'malo mwake, ndi kupeza chithandizo chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwa magulu a anthu - kutanthauza ena omwe ali ndi majini ofanana ndi anu komanso moyo wanu. Tsopano, ``Precision Medicine'' ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi oyenera kwambiri. Komabe, anthu amagwiritsabe ntchito mawu awiriwa mosinthana. Chofunika ndichakuti njira iyi imayesetsa kupereka chithandizo cholondola komanso chogwira mtima, m'malo mochitira aliyense chimodzimodzi.

Kodi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tikufuna kutenga kuchokera mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani?

Majini anu, malo omwe mumakhala, moyo wanu - zonsezi zimakhudza thanzi lanu. Cholinga chachikulu cha ``Precision Medicine`` ndikuphunzira zinthu zonsezi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti akutetezeni ndikukuthandizani. Kenako, m'malo mopatsa aliyense chithandizo chofanana, madokotala anu amatha kupanga dongosolo lopewera ndikuchiza matenda omwe akukuyenererani. Madokotala akugwiritsa kale ntchito ``Precision Medicine`` m'magawo ambiri azachipatala. Koma, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingasinthe gawo lazachipatala mtsogolomu zomwe n'zovuta kuziganizira. Chifukwa chake, ichi ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha tsogolo lathu lazaumoyo!

"Kumbukirani kuti, ``Precision Medicine'' sikuti ikunena za kupanga mankhwala apadera kwa aliyense, koma kusankha mankhwala oyenera komanso ogwira mtima kwa gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi anu."

Pamene ukadaulo uwu ukupitilira kupita patsogolo, tidzatha kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza zinthu zatsopano ngati izi.

Mankhwala Olondola , Majini, Chithandizo cha Khansa, Mankhwala Opangidwira Munthu Payekha, Mankhwala Amtsogolo, Ukadaulo Wazaumoyo