Kodi mwazindikira kuti amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena agogo anu kapena agogo anu akuiwala zinthu zazing'ono masiku ano? Ngakhale timaganiza kuti kuiwala zinthu monga komwe kuli makiyi anu, dzina la munthu wina, kapena zomwe munkachita n'kwachibadwa pamene tikukalamba, nthawi zina izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro choyambirira cha matenda oopsa kwambiri, monga matenda a Alzheimer's. Musachite mantha mukamva izi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa bwino izi. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a Alzheimer's.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a Alzheimer ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Alzheimer's ndi matenda omwe amawononga kukumbukira kwanu pang'onopang'ono. Ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo. Poyamba, mungakhale ndi vuto lokumbukira zochitika zaposachedwa, koma mutha kukumbukira zochitika zomwe zinachitika zaka zapitazo.
Pakapita nthawi, pamene matendawa akupitirira, zizindikiro zina zimayamba kuonekera.
- Kuvuta kukhala ndi chidwi pa chinthu chimodzi.
- Ngakhale ntchito zosavuta za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kuphika tiyi, n'zovuta kuchita.
- Kumva nkhawa, kusokonezeka, komanso kukhumudwa, makamaka usiku.
- Kusintha kwakukulu kwa khalidwe. Kukwiya mwadzidzidzi, kuda nkhawa nthawi zonse, kapena kuvutika maganizo.
- Kutaya malo anu ndi kusochera.
- Mavuto akuthupi. Zinthu monga kusintha kwa momwe mumayendera, kutayika kwa mphamvu.
- Kuvuta kulankhulana ndi kusinthana malingaliro ndi ena.
Pamene matendawa akupitirira, mungaiwale ngakhale okondedwa anu. Mwina simungathenso kuchita zinthu zophweka monga kuvala, kudya, kapena kupita kuchimbudzi nokha. Matendawa amawononga pang'onopang'ono minofu ya ubongo pakapita nthawi. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu azaka zopitirira 65 .
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa matenda a Alzheimer's ndi Dementia ndi kotani?
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza mawu awiriwa, koma pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa awiriwa.
Matenda amisala si dzina la matenda enaake. Ndi mawu ofala a matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amayambitsa mavuto a kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi khalidwe. Ali ngati mawu oti "galimoto."
Matenda a Alzheimer's ndi matenda ofala kwambiri m'gulu la matenda a dementia. Zili ngati kunena kuti "galimoto." Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's ali ndi matenda a dementia, koma si aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a dementia amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
Kodi magawo a matenda a Alzheimer ndi ati?
Matenda a Alzheimer amapitirira pang'onopang'ono m'magawo atatu akuluakulu.
| Gawo la matenda | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Gawo loyambirira (Lofatsa) | Pa nthawi imeneyi, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira zizindikiro zenizeni. Omwe ali pafupi ndi wodwalayo okha ndi omwe angazindikire kusintha pang'ono. Angathe kuyendetsa galimoto ndikuchita nawo zinthu zina. Koma angaiwale zinthu zazing'ono, kuvutika kumaliza ntchito zina, komanso kuvutika kukonzekera zinthu. |
| Wocheperako | Iyi ndi gawo lomwe nthawi zambiri limatenga nthawi yayitali. Limatha kukhala kwa zaka zambiri. Zizindikiro zimaonekera bwino. Zimakhala zovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kusintha kwa khalidwe kumaonekera kwambiri. Pa gawoli, wodwalayo amafunikira makamaka munthu (womusamalira) kuti amuteteze ndi kumusamalira. |
| Gawo lomaliza (Lovuta) | Pa nthawi imeneyi, chisamaliro chingafunike maola 24 patsiku . Mwina sadziwa ngakhale malo omwe ali. Mwina sangathe kuchita zinthu zophweka monga kuyenda, kukhala pansi, kenako kumeza chakudya. Pakadali pano, mungaganizire za chisamaliro cha hospice, chomwe chimapereka mpumulo kwa wodwalayo ndi banja lake. |
Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's?
Ngakhale kuti anthu omwe amadwala matenda a Alzheimer nthawi zambiri amakhala okalamba, si chinthu chachibadwa chomwe chimachitika munthu akamakalamba. Asayansi sakudziwabe chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matendawa ndipo ena satero. Koma akudziwa kuti zizindikiro zake zimayambitsidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuwonongeka kwa maselo amitsempha muubongo:
1. Kupangidwa kwa ma tangles ofanana ndi ulusi mkati mwa maselo a mitsempha (ma tangles a neurofibrillar).
2. Mtundu wa puloteni wotchedwa beta-amyloid umasonkhana mu ubongo ndikupanga ma plaque.
Kafukufuku akupitirirabe pankhani yokhudza chomwe chachititsa kuwonongeka kumeneku. Pakhoza kukhala gawo la majini.Ngati kholo kapena m'bale wanu ali ndi matendawa, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa, koma sizikutanthauza kuti mudzadwala matendawa.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's, choyamba muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wa banja lanu. Iye adzakufunsani mafunso ndipo, ngati pakufunika, adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa mitsempha.
Kumbukirani, mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita ndi wachibale wanu, munthu amene amadziwa bwino kusintha kwa khalidwe lanu.
Dokotala akhoza kuchita mayeso angapo, monga:
- Mayeso a mitsempha omwe amayesa zinthu monga kukumbukira, luso lotha kuthetsa mavuto, ndi chilankhulo.
- Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kuti muwone ngati pali matenda ena.
- Kuwunika thanzi la maganizo (kuwunika kwa matenda amisala).
- Kujambula ubongo: Izi zitha kuphatikizapo CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), ndi PET (Positron Emission Tomography).
- Nthawi zina kupopera msana kuti muwone ngati pali madzi a m'mitsempha (CSF) kumachitika.
Kodi pali chithandizo cha matenda a Alzheimer's?
Ili ndi vuto lomwe aliyense ali nalo. Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's pakadali pano. Koma musadandaule. Pali mankhwala angapo omwe angachedwetse kupitirira kwa matendawa ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi moyo wabwino.
- Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukula kwa matenda: Mankhwala atsopano monga Lecanemab (Leqembi) ndi Donanemab (Kinsula) amayesa kulamulira kukula kwa matendawa pochotsa mapuloteni owopsa omwe amasonkhana muubongo. Awa ndi othandiza kwambiri kumayambiriro.
- Mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro: Mankhwala monga Cholinesterase inhibitors ndi Memantine amatha kupititsa patsogolo luso lokumbukira ndi kuganiza komanso kuthana ndi mavuto a khalidwe.
Zonsezi zimasankhidwa ndi dokotala wanu, choncho ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ake.
Kodi tingatani kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi?
Ngakhale palibe njira yopewera 100% matenda a Alzheimer's, pali njira zingapo zosinthira moyo zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi mopitirira muyeso: Kuthamanga kwa magazi mopitirira muyeso sikwabwino pa thanzi la ubongo.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera kuyenda kwa magazi kupita ku ubongo.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi:Chepetsani zakudya zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndi mafuta ambiri ndipo idyani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, nyemba, ndi tirigu wambiri.
- Khalani ndi anthu ena: Kulankhula ndi ena komanso kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza anthu kumathandiza kuti ubongo ukhale wogwira ntchito.
- Samalani mutu wanu: Kuvulala kwambiri m'mutu kungapangitse kuti munthu adwale matenda a Alzheimer's mtsogolo.
- Chitani zinthu zomwe zimayesa ubongo wanu: Phunzirani china chatsopano, werengani mabuku, thetsani ma puzzle. Izi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi abwino a ubongo wanu.
Malangizo kwa Wosamalira Wodwala wa Alzheimer's
Kusamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer sikophweka. Ndi kudzipereka kwakukulu. Ngati ndinu m'modzi mwa anthu amenewo, malangizo awa adzakuthandizani.
- Pitirizani kuchita zinthu nthawi zonse: Muwadyetse, musambitse, ndipo muwagonetse nthawi yomweyo. Izi zichepetsa chisokonezo chawo.
- Khalani oleza mtima: Musakwiye ngakhale atakufunsani funso lomwelo kakhumi. Lankhulani mwachikondi ndi ulemu.
- Perekani zovala zosavuta kuvala: Sankhani zovala zokhala ndi elastic ndi Velcro m'malo mwa mabatani ndi zingwe.
- Pangani malo anu okhala otetezeka: Chotsani makapeti oterera. Ikani zitsulo zonyamulira m'bafa.
- Dzisamalireni: Mukamasamalira munthu wodwala, ganizirani za thanzi lanu la maganizo ndi la thupi. Pemphani thandizo kwa ena ngati pakufunika thandizo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Alzheimer si matenda wamba omwe amakhudza ubongo.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga kuiwala zinthu, kusintha kwa khalidwe, kapena kuvutika kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngakhale kuti matendawa sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuwongolera kupitirira kwake ndikuwongolera zizindikiro.
- Moyo wathanzi ungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda.
- Chikondi, chithandizo, ndi kumvetsetsana ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer komanso womusamalira.
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