Tiyeni tiphunzire za opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi m'njira yosavuta.

Thupi lathu lili ngati mzinda wotanganidwa. Mzindawu uli ndi misewu yomwe imanyamula zinthu zofunika, monga mpweya ndi zakudya, kupita ku gawo lililonse la misewu. Misewu iyi ndi yomwe timaitcha "mitsempha yamagazi" kapena "mitsempha yamagazi." Nthawi zina misewu iyi imawonongeka, imatsekedwa, kapena imafooka ndipo imatsala pang'ono kuphulika. Pamenepo ndi pomwe timafunikira thandizo la akatswiri kuti tikonze misewu iyi. Mu zamankhwala, gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito imeneyi limatchedwa Vascular Surgery.

Mwachidule, kodi opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi ndi chiyani?

Opaleshoni ya Mitsempha si opaleshoni imodzi. Ndi mawu ofala a opaleshoni zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudza mitsempha yamagazi m'thupi lathu, monga mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera mumtima), mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha yomwe imabweza magazi kuchokera m'thupi kupita mumtima), ndi mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha yamagazi yabwino kwambiri) .

Nthawi zina mavuto amenewa amatha kuthetsedwa ndi kusintha moyo ndi mankhwala, koma nthawi zina opaleshoni imafunika kuti vutoli lisakule kwambiri.

Pali zolinga zitatu zazikulu za opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi:

• Kukonza kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto oopsa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda amenewa.
• Kukonzekera njira zopezera mitsempha yamagazi monga dialysis kwa odwala impso.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amafunika opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi?

Ngati muli ndi vuto limodzi kapena angapo mwa awa, mungafunike opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi. Mwina munamvapo za ena mwa matenda amenewa.

• Aortic aneurysm: Mtsempha waukulu kwambiri m'thupi lathu (aorta) umafooka ndipo umatupa ngati baluni.
• Magazi amaundana: Magazi amaundana, makamaka m'mitsempha yakuya ya miyendo (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
• Matenda a mitsempha ya carotid: Mafuta ambiri amatseka mitsempha ya m'khosi yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo.
• Mitsempha ya Varicose: Mitsempha yotupa, yabuluu m'miyendo yomwe imawonekera pamwamba pa khungu.
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'mitsempha (PAD): Kutsekeka chifukwa cha mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi m'manja makamaka m'miyendo.
• Stenosis ya mitsempha ya impso.
• Kukhazikitsa njira yopezera dialysis.

Dokotala wochita opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi adzafufuza vuto lanu ndikusankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni ya mitsempha yamagazi ndi iti?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone ena mwa opaleshoni zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Opaleshoni ya Aortic Aneurysm

Ngati aneurysm ikukula kwambiri, kapena ngati pali chiopsezo choti iphulike, opaleshoni imachitika.

• Opaleshoni Yotsegula Aneurysm: Kucheka kumachitika pachifuwa kapena m'mimba, gawo lowonongeka la mtsempha wamagazi limachotsedwa, ndipo chubu chopangira (graft) chimayikidwa m'malo mwake.
• Kukonza Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR): Iyi ndi opaleshoni yomwe imachitidwa kudzera mu kudula pang'ono. Chubu chaching'ono (catheter) chimalowetsedwa kudzera m'mimba, momwe chubu chopangidwa ngati chimango chachitsulo (stent graft) chimalowetsedwa m'dera lotupa, ndikulimbitsa mtsempha wamagazi kuchokera mkati.

Chithandizo cha Matenda a Mitsempha ya M'mitsempha ya Peripheral (PAD)

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukumva kupweteka kwa minofu (kupweteka komwe kumamveka ngati kugwedezeka mukuyenda) chifukwa cha mitsempha yamagazi yopapatiza m'miyendo yanu, kapena ngati mabala anu sanachiritsidwe.

• Angioplasty ndi stenting: Catheter imalowetsedwa mu mtsempha wotsekeka, kenako imadzazidwa, ndipo kutsekekako kumakulitsidwa. Kenako chipangizo chonga mesh (stent) chimalowetsedwa kuti kutsekekako kusabwerezenso.
• Opaleshoni yodutsa mtsempha wamagazi: Monga momwe msewu umatsekeredwa, njira yatsopano imapangidwa kuti idutse mtsempha wamagazi wotsekeredwa. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mtsempha wina wathanzi kapena chubu chopangidwa kuchokera mkati mwa thupi.

Maopaleshoni a mavuto a mitsempha ya carotid

Kutsekeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi kumeneku ndi chifukwa chachikulu choyambitsa sitiroko.

• Kuchotsa carotid endarterectomy: Kudula pang'ono pakhosi kumapangidwa, mtsempha wamagazi umatsegulidwa, ndipo mafuta omwe ali mkati mwake amachotsedwa opaleshoni.
• Kutsegula mitsempha ya carotid ndi stenting: Monga tanenera kale, baluni ndi stent zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa mtsempha wotsekeka.

Chithandizo cha matenda okhudzana ndi mitsempha

Pamene ma valve m'mitsempha ya miyendo afooka, magazi amasonkhana m'miyendo m'malo mobwerera kumtima. Izi zimayambitsa kutupa, kupweteka, komanso mitsempha yotupa.

• Kumanga ndi kuchotsa mitsempha: Chithandizo chofala cha mitsempha yotupa. Mu njira iyi, mitsempha yodwalayo imachotsedwa kwathunthu mwa opaleshoni.
• Kuchotsa kutentha kwa endovenous: Popanda kudula kwakukulu, laser kapena mafunde a wailesi amphamvu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcha ndikutseka mtsempha wodwala kuchokera mkati. Izi zimaletsa magazi kuyenda kudzera m'mitsempha.
• Sclerotherapy: Chithandizo cha mitsempha yaing'ono yotupa ndi mitsempha ya akangaude. Mankhwala amalowetsedwa mu mitsempha ndipo amatsekedwa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani opaleshoni isanachitike, panthawi komanso pambuyo pake?

Opaleshoni isanachitike, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani mokwanira, adzakuyesani magazi, adzakujambulani (monga Doppler ultrasound, CT angiogram), ndikukupatsani malangizo a zomwe muyenera kuchita pokonzekera opaleshoniyo.

• Mungapemphedwe kuti musiye kumwa mankhwala ena kwakanthawi (makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa magazi ).
• Mudzapemphedwa kusala kudya kuyambira usiku usanachitike opaleshoni.
• Ngati mukusuta fodya, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusiya kwathunthu milungu ingapo musanachite opaleshoni.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni. Dokotala wanu adzasankha njira yoyenera kwa inu.

Nthawi yochira pambuyo pa opaleshoni imadalira mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe yachitidwa. Maopaleshoni ena akuluakulu angafunike masiku angapo mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU). Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yaying'ono monga sclerotherapy, mutha kupita kunyumba tsiku lomwelo.

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa za opaleshoni imeneyi ndi ziti?

Ubwino waukulu:

• Zina mwa izi ndi maopaleshoni opulumutsa moyo .
• Zimathandiza kwambiri moyo wanu (monga kuyenda popanda kupweteka).
• Mavuto oopsa monga sitiroko ndi matenda a mtima akhoza kupewedwa .

Zoopsa zomwe zingachitike:

• Kutupa ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu kapena utoto womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kutuluka magazi.
• Magazi amaundana.
• Matenda opatsirana pamalo ochitira opaleshoni.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Chiwopsezocho chingasiyane malinga ndi zinthu monga msinkhu wanu, kupezeka kwa matenda ena (shuga, matenda a impso), ndi zina zotero. Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu zonsezi momveka bwino musanachite opaleshoni.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti mukatha opaleshoni?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi pamene mukuchira mutachita opaleshoni, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) kuchipatala chapafupi.

• Kutuluka magazi kapena mafinya kuchokera pa bala la opaleshoni, kufiira ndi kutupa, komanso kupweteka kwambiri.
• Malungo.
• Kusanza kapena kupweteka kwambiri kapena kutupa m'manja kapena m'miyendo.
• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, m'mimba, kapena kumbuyo.
• Kutsokomola magazi kapena ntchofu yobiriwira/yachikasu.
• Kuvuta kuona kapena kulankhula.