Mukakhala ndi pakati, dokotala amakupemphani kuti muchite mayeso osiyanasiyana, sichoncho? Nthawi zina mukamva mayina a mayeso azachipatala awa, mumamva mantha pang'ono komanso chidwi. Kwa anthu ambiri, mayeso omwe sakudziwika bwino, koma ofunika kwambiri, amatchedwa mayeso a karyotype. Anthu ena amatchanso mayeso a majini, mayeso a chromosome, kapena kusanthula kwa cytogenetic. Musadandaule, mayina awa amatanthauza mayeso omwewo. Lero, tikambirana izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi mayeso a Karyotype amenewa ndi otani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, mayeso a karyotype amafufuza mosamala kwambiri ma chromosome mkati mwa maselo a thupi lathu. Ganizirani za ma chromosome awa ngati pulani ya momwe thupi lathu lidzamangidwire. Mayesowa amafufuza kusintha kulikonse kapena zolakwika mu pulani iyi.
Pa nthawi ya mimba yanu, dokotala wanu mwina angakupatseni mayeso oyezetsa kuti aone ngati pali matenda enaake a majini ndi ma chromosome mu trimester yoyamba ndi trimester yachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za mayesowa zimakhala mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera. Palibe mayeso ena ofunikira.
Komabe, ngati mayeso oyambawo akusonyeza kuti pakhoza kukhala vuto, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti muchite mayeso ena, monga mayeso a Karyotype. Izi zitha kutsimikizira motsimikiza ngati mwana amene akukula m'mimba ali ndi vuto la majini kapena chromosome.
Kodi mayeso a karyotype amafufuza chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, munthu wathanzi amakhala ndi ma chromosome 46. Mwana amalandira ma chromosome 23 kuchokera kwa mayi ake ndipo ena 23 kuchokera kwa bambo ake.
Nthawi zina, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi chromosome yowonjezera, chromosome imodzi ikusowa, kapena pakhoza kukhala kusintha kosazolowereka kwa chromosome imodzi. Kuyesa karyotype kungathe kudziwa ngati izi zili choncho. Izi ndi zina mwa matenda omwe madokotala amafufuza makamaka ndi mayesowa.
| Mkhalidwe | Kufotokoza mwachidule |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Down (Down syndrome - Trisomy 21) | Mwanayo ali ndi ma chromosome atatu (owonjezera) m'malo mwa awiri pa chromosome 21. Izi zimakhudza mawonekedwe a mwana komanso luso lake lophunzira. |
| Matenda a Edwards (matenda a Edwards - Trisomy 18) | Mwanayo ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera 18. Ana awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri azaumoyo, ndipo ambiri samakhala ndi moyo woposa chaka chimodzi. |
| Matenda a Patau (Trisomy 13) | Mwanayo ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera 13. Ana awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a mtima komanso kulephera kwa maganizo. Ambiri samakhala ndi moyo wopitirira chaka chimodzi. |
| Matenda a Klinefelter | Mwana wamwamuna ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera ya X (yomwe ndi XXY). Kutha msinkhu kwawo kungachedwe, ndipo anawo angataye mphamvu zobereka. |
| Matenda a Turner | Mwana wamkazi akhoza kukhala ndi chromosome imodzi ya X yomwe yasowa kapena kuwonongeka. Izi zingayambitse matenda a mtima, mavuto a khosi, komanso kutalika kwa thupi. |
Kuyeza kwa karyotype sikungogwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zolakwika za majini mwa mwana panthawi ya mimba, komanso kuli ndi maubwino ena.
- Ngati mukuvutika kutenga pakati , kapena mwakhala ndi mimba zingapo, dokotala wanu angachite mayesowa kuti aone ngati pali vuto lililonse ndi ma chromosome anu kapena a mnzanu.
- Dziwani ngati mungathe kupatsira mwana wanu matenda enaake a majini.
- Ngati kubadwa kwa mwana wakufa kwachitika, tsimikizirani ngati chifukwa chake ndi vuto la majini .
- Pezani chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto aliwonse akuthupi kapena kukula kwa mwana wanu kapena mwana wanu wamng'ono.
- Ngati nthawi zina sizikudziwika bwino kuti mwana wakhanda ndi wotani, tsimikizirani izi.
- Mitundu ina ya khansaKhansa ingayambitse kusintha kwa ma chromosome. Kuyesa karyotype kungathandize kudziwa chithandizo choyenera.
Kodi mitundu iyi ya mayeso a Karyotype ndi iti ndipo amachitika liti?
Mayeso amenewa angachitike pa masabata enaake a mimba. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mayeso omwe ali abwino kwa inu, kutengera kutalika kwa mimba yanu komanso zoopsa zomwe muli nazo.
Mwanayo ali ndi mwayi wochepa wokhala ndi vuto la chromosome m'milandu iyi:
- Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 35.
- Ngati muli kale ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la chromosomal , kapena ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vutoli.
- Ngati inu kapena mnzanu muli ndi vuto lililonse mu ma chromosome awo.
- Ngati mudatayapo mimba kapena kubereka mwana wakufa kale.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mayeso omwe amachitidwa:
1. Kusankha Zitsanzo za Chorionic Villus (CVS)
Pa izi, dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito singano yayitali kuchotsa minofu yaying'ono kwambiri kuchokera ku placenta , yomwe imapereka chakudya kwa mwana. Maselo amenewa amatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati mwana ali ndi mavuto a majini monga Down syndrome, trisomy 13, kapena trisomy 18.
- Nthawi yochitira izi: Pakati pa masabata 10 ndi 13 a mimba.
- Zoopsa: Pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotaya mimba kuchokera ku mayesowa (pafupifupi mkazi m'modzi mwa akazi 100 omwe ayesedwa). Palinso chiopsezo china kwa mwana, kotero madokotala amalangiza izi pokhapokha ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha mwana kukhala ndi vuto.
2. Amniocentesis
Mu mayeso awa, dokotala amalowetsa singano yayitali m'mimba mwanu ndipo amatenga madzi amniotic omwe amazungulira mwana m'mimba. Maselo a mwana omwe ali m'madzi awa amatumizidwa kuti akayesedwe. Kuphatikiza pa mavuto onse a majini omwe mayeso a CVS amafufuza, amathanso kuzindikira matenda akuluakulu omwe amakhudza ubongo wa mwana kapena msana (neural tube defects).
- Nthawi yochitira izi: Pakati pa masabata 15 ndi 20 a mimba.
- Chiwopsezo: Pali chiopsezo chochepa cha kutaya mimba, koma n'chochepa poyerekeza ndi CVS (pafupifupi mkazi m'modzi mwa akazi 200 omwe adayesedwa).
Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse m'mayeso awa?
Inde, monga tafotokozera kale, pali zoopsa zina zokhudzana ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popezera maselowa. CVS kapena Amniocentesis sizingayambitse kutayika kwa mimba nthawi zambiri. Palinso mwayi wochepa wotuluka magazi ambiri kapena matenda opatsirana. Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane. Choncho musanayambe kuchita mantha, funsani dokotala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo.
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani pambuyo poti zotsatira za mayeso zabwera?
Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Zotsatira za mayeso a karyotype zimakhala zenizeni . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mukalandira zotsatira, mutha kudziwa motsimikiza ngati mwana 'ali ndi' vuto la majini kapena 'ali nalo'.
Izi sizili ngati mayeso am'mbuyomu owunikira. Amangonena ngati chiopsezo chinali 'chapamwamba' kapena 'chochepa'. Koma zotsatira za mayeso a Karyotype si zongoganizira chabe, koma chitsimikizo.
Mukalandira zotsatira zake, dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu mwatsatanetsatane ndikufotokozerani zomwe muyenera kuchita kenako.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuyesa kwa karyotype ndi mayeso apadera a majini omwe amafufuza zolakwika mu ma chromosome m'maselo athu.
- Ngati mayeso oyamba panthawi ya mimba akusonyeza chiopsezo chilichonse, mayesowa amachitika kuti atsimikizire ngati matenda monga Down syndrome alipo.
- Njira monga CVS ndi Amniocentesis, zomwe zimasonkhanitsa maselo pachifukwa ichi, zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotaya mimba, kotero zimangochitika pazochitika zoopsa kwambiri.
- Zotsatira za mayeso a karyotype si zongoganizira ngati "chiopsezo chachikulu/chochepa", koma yankho lomveka bwino lomwe limati "pali vuto/palibe vuto".
- Khalani omasuka kufunsa dokotala wanu kuti akufotokozereni chilichonse chomwe mukuganiza chokhudza mayesowa, zoopsa zake, ndi zotsatira zake.
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