Tonsefe timadziwa kuyembekezera, chidwi, komanso mantha pang'ono omwe amabwera mukalandira lipoti lanu la mammogram. Mukalandira lipoti lanu, mungakhale ndi mantha kwambiri mukaona mawu azachipatala, makamaka nambala ya `BI-RADS`. Koma musadandaule. Si inu nokha. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana mwachidule za `BI-RADS` ndi zomwe ikunena za thanzi lanu.
Kodi BI-RADS ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, `BI-RADS` ndi chidule cha `Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System`. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe madokotala padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa zotsatira za mayeso anu a mammogram. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chiŵerengero ichi cha `BI-RADS`` chimathandiza dokotala kukhala ndi lingaliro lomveka bwino la ngati X-ray ya mabere anu ikuwonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse za khansa kapena ayi.
Pansi pa dongosololi, lipoti lanu lidzalandira mtengo kuyambira 0 mpaka 6. Zimene mtengo uliwonse ukunena ndi zomwe tikambirana tsopano.
| Chigoli cha BI-RADS | Tanthauzo losavuta |
|---|---|
| Mtengo 0 | Zotsatira zake sizikudziwika bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe umboni womveka bwino wotsimikizira kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a mammogram. Dokotala angakulangizeni kuyerekeza ndi mammogram yomwe idachitika kale kapena kuchita mayeso ena, monga ultrasound scan. |
| Mtengo 1 | Zotsatira zake ndi zoipa. Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri! Palibe zotupa kapena kusintha komwe kukuchitika m'mawere anu. Mukulangizidwa kuti mupitirize kuchita ma mammogram nthawi ndi nthawi. |
| Mtengo 2 | Matenda abwino. Mwapezeka ndi chotupa chosakhala khansa komanso chopanda vuto lililonse (monga fibroadenoma) kapena calcium deposits (calcifications) m'bere lanu. Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa ndi izi.Pitirizani kulandira mammogram nthawi zonse. |
| Mtengo 3 | Mwayi wa khansa ndi wochepa kwambiri. Chotupa chapezeka apa, koma pali mwayi wa 98% woti sichili khansa. Komabe, dokotala akufuna kusamala kwambiri pankhaniyi. Chifukwa chake, adzakuuzani kuti mupange mammogram ina isanafike nthawi yokhazikika, patatha miyezi 6, kuti muwone ngati chotupacho chasintha. |
| Mtengo 4 | Matenda okayikitsa. Kusintha komwe kwatchulidwa pano kuli ndi mwayi wokhala khansa. Musadandaule, 'pali mwayi' sikutanthauza 'khansa'. Komabe, dokotala adzalangiza kuti ayesedwe kuti atsimikizire izi. |
| Mtengo 5 | Mwayi wa khansa ndi waukulu kwambiri. Ngati izi zapezeka, pali mwayi woposa 95% kuti ndi khansa kutengera mawonekedwe a mammogram. Biopsy imachitika kuti itsimikizire izi. |
| Mtengo 6 | Khansa yotsimikizika. Mtengo uwu umaperekedwa kwa munthu amene wachitidwa kale biopsy ndipo watsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi khansa. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya mammogram kuti aone momwe alili asanayambe kulandira chithandizo kapena panthawi ya chithandizo. |
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngakhale chiŵerengero cha BI-RADS chitakhala 4 kapena 5, zimangotanthauza kuti pali 'kukayikira'. Kuzindikira kotsimikizika kumachitika pokhapokha atangotengedwa ndi biopsy.
Tiyeni tiphunzirenso za mayeso a mammogram ndi biopsy.
Mayeso a Mammogram
Iyi ndi njira yoyesera X-ray yomwe idapangidwira makamaka mabere. Mumayima patsogolo pa makina a X-ray ndikuyika limodzi mwa mabere anu pamalo athyathyathya. Kenako, katswiri wophunzitsidwa bwino amakankhira bere lanu pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pamwamba ndi malo ena. Izi zimachitika kuti minofu ya bere ichepetse ndipo kusintha kulikonse m'bere kuonekere bwino pa X-ray.
Mungathe kumva kupanikizika, kusapeza bwino, komanso kupweteka pang'ono panthawiyi. Izi ndi zachilendo. Mbali imodzi ikatha, bere linalo limafufuzidwa mofanana. Bere lanu likhoza kukhala lopweteka pang'ono kapena lofewa mukamaliza kulifufuzidwa.
Katswiri wa radiology amafufuza zithunzi za X-ray izi ndipo amapeza chiwerengero cha `BI-RADS`. Iye ndiye amene amatumiza lipotili kwa dokotala wanu.
Kuyesa kwa biopsy
Ngati chiŵerengero chanu cha BI-RADS chikukayikitsa, monga 4 kapena 5, chinthu chotsatira chofunika kwambiri kuchita ndi biopsy. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha minofu yaying'ono kwambiri kuchokera pamalo okayikitsa ndikuyesa mu labotale. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira ndi chitsimikizo cha 100% ngati maselo a khansa alipo kapena ayi.
Kuwonjezera pa mammogram yokayikitsa, palinso zochitika zina zingapo zomwe dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupange biopsy:
- Nanga bwanji ngati dokotala akupeza chotupa m'dzanja lanu pamene akufufuza bere lanu?
- Ngati pali chinthu chokayikitsa chomwe chawoneka panthawi ya ultrasound scan.
- Ngati malo okayikitsa apezeka panthawi ya MRI scan.
- Ngati muli ndi kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo mu nipple yanu (monga kutumphuka, kupindika, kapena kutuluka madzi).
Ngati khansa yatsimikizika, chithandizo chake ndi chiyani?
Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kuyamba chithandizo mwamsanga ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera zotsatira zabwino. Dokotala wanu ndi dokotala wa khansa adzasankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu. Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira.
Opaleshoni
Chithandizo chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala opaleshoni yochotsa maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina, mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation angapangidwe opaleshoni isanachitike kuti achepetse chotupacho. Pali mitundu iwiri ya opaleshoni:
- Kuchotsa Lumpectomy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa chokha ndi minofu yathanzi yozungulira. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa zazing'ono, zoyambirira.
- Kuchotsa bere lonse. Ngati muli pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa mtsogolo, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuchotsa bere lonse (kuchotsa bere lonse).
Chithandizo cha X-ray
Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamphamvu kuti muwononge maselo a khansa kapena maselo otsala mutachita opaleshoni. Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi (khansa ya m'mawere yofalikira), chithandizochi chingathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala apadera omwe amapha maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kukula. Mankhwalawa angapatsidwe ngati jakisoni kudzera mu mtsempha (m'mitsempha) kapena ngati mapiritsi/madzimadzi omwe mumamwa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- BI-RADS ndi njira yodziwika bwino yofotokozera zomwe zimapatsa dokotala wanu lingaliro lomveka bwino la zotsatira za mammogram yanu.
- Kuchuluka kwa BI-RADS kwa 1 kapena 2 kumatanthauza kuti palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho. Ndi vuto lachibadwa kapena lopanda vuto lililonse.
- Musadandaule ngati mutapeza chiŵerengero cha BI-RADS cha 0, 3, 4, kapena 5. Zimangotanthauza kuti mukufunika kuyezetsa kwina kapena chisamaliro china. Si matenda enieni a 'khansa.'
- Kuyeza magazi kokha ndi komwe kungathe kudziwa ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira kulikonse pa lipoti lomwe mwalandira, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za lipotilo momasuka. Iye adzakufotokozerani zonse.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu