Ese wigeze wumva indwara ya SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)? Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ushobora kuba wibuka ko mu myaka mike ishize, havuzwe indwara ikomeye yakwirakwiriye ku isi yose. Iyo yari SARS. Mu by'ukuri, ahagana mu 2002 cyangwa 2003 ni bwo iyi ndwara yabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku isi. Abantu mu bihugu byinshi bahuye n'iyi ndwara, ndetse bamwe baranahasiga ubuzima. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi ndwara ya SARS. Reka dusobanukirwe gusa icyo ari cyo, uko yakomotse, n'ibyabaye icyo gihe.

SARS ni iki? Yagize izihe ngaruka ku isi?

Muri make, SARS ni indwara iterwa na virusi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwacu bwo guhumeka, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo guhumeka. Yamenyekanye bwa mbere mu mpera za 2002. Mu mwaka wa 2002-2003, iyi ndwara yakwirakwiriye mu bihugu bigera kuri 29 ku isi, yanduza abantu barenga 8.000. Icyo gihe, yateye ubwoba bwinshi n'imihangayiko, kuko yari indwara nshya kandi yatugizeho ingaruka zikomeye.

Ariko, ku bw'amahirwe, bitewe n'ingamba zihuse zafashwe n'inzego z'ubuzima hirya no hino ku isi, ibi byagenzuwe. Nubwo umubare muto w'abantu bongeye kwandura mu 2004 bitewe n'impanuka yabereye muri laboratwari mu Bushinwa, nabyo byagenzuwe vuba. Kuva icyo gihe, nta raporo za SARS zigeze zigaragara ku isi. Ese ibyo si ihumure rikomeye?

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya SARS?

Noneho reka turebe ibimenyetso bya SARS. Bimwe muri byo bishobora kumva nk'ibicurane cyangwa grippe. Ariko bimwe mu bimenyetso birakomeye cyane, cyane cyane ibintu nko kugorwa no guhumeka.

Ibintu by'ingenzi biboneka ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umuriro mwinshi udashira: Ubusanzwe umuriro urenze dogere selisiyusi 38 (100.4 Fahrenheit). Iki ni cyo kimenyetso nyamukuru kiza mbere.
• Ubukonje: Kumva ubukonje, nk'ubwoba, butuma umubiri uhinda umushyitsi.
• Umutwe : Ushobora kuba ukabije gato kuruta umutwe usanzwe.
• Kubabara umubiri: Kumva ububabare mu mubiri wose, cyane cyane mu mitsi.
• Inkorora: Ishobora gutangira nk'inkorora yumye hanyuma igahinduka inkorora irimo amacandwe mu minsi mike.
• Guhumeka nabi: Iki ni ikimenyetso giteye ubwoba gato. Bishobora kugorana guhumeka, kumva urimo guhumeka, no kumva igituza cyawe kibyimbye.
• Impiswi: Kuri bamwe, hafi umwe muri icumi, impiswi ishobora kuba ikimenyetso.
• Kubabara mu muhogo: Kubabara mu muhogo, kugorwa no kumira.

Tekereza ko hari abantu bashobora kugira umuriro n'ibindi bimenyetso bisa n'ibicurane gusa. Ariko ku bandi, ibi bimenyetso bya mbere bishobora guhinduka inkorora no kugorwa no guhumeka mu minsi ibiri kugeza kuri irindwi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga muri icyo gihe kuri ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo biherekejwe no kugorwa no guhumeka hamwe n'umuriro.

Ni iki gitera SARS?

None se, iyi ndwara ya SARS ibaho gute? Impamvu y'ibi ni virusi iterwa na SARS , virusi yihariye yitwa (SARS-CoV-1) mu magambo ahinnye. Uzi virusi ari iki? Muri make, izi ni uduce duto cyane tutagaragara twa genetiki. Ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho bya genetiki nka (DNA) cyangwa (RNA) bitwikiriwe n'agakingirizo kagizwe na poroteyine. Iyo izi virusi zinjiye mu mibiri yacu, zikoresha umutungo w'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu kugira ngo zikore kopi nyinshi zazo. Iyo umubare wa virusi nk'izo wiyongereye, uturemangingo twacu turangirika maze tukarwara. Iyi virusi (SARS-CoV-1) nayo ikora muri ubwo buryo.

SARS yandura ite?

Noneho reka turebe uburyo virusi ya SARS ikwirakwira iva ku muntu umwe ijya ku wundi. Kubyumva ni ingenzi cyane, kuko ari byo bishobora gukumira ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.

Ikwirakwizwa ahanini binyuze mu dutonyanga tw’ubuhumekero . Ni ukuvuga udutonyanga duto tw’amazi, nk’amacandwe n’amakoho , dusohoka iyo umuntu urwaye virusi akorora, yitsamuye, cyangwa avuze cyane. Niba uri hafi y’umuntu nk’uwo, utwo dutonyanga dushobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu mazuru yawe, mu kanwa, ndetse wenda n’amaso yawe, kandi ushobora kurwara.

Ubundi buryo ni ugukora ku bintu bifite virusi. Urugero, iyo umurwayi akoze ku rugi, ku meza, cyangwa kuri telefoni ntakaraba intoki, cyangwa niba amacandwe ye yasizwe kuri ubwo buso, virusi ishobora kuba iri kuri ubwo buso. Hanyuma, iyo ukoze kuri ubwo buso hanyuma ugakora ku munwa, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku maso yawe ukoresheje icyo kiganza cyanduye, virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe. Niyo mpamvu gukaraba no gusukura intoki kenshi ari ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda indwara zandura.

Bigenda bite uramutse urwaye SARS? Ese byaba bikomeye?

Ubu tuzi ko SARS itagikwirakwira ku isi hose. Ariko mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya 2002-2003, bamwe bayirwaye nk'ibicurane bisanzwe maze barakira mu minsi mike. Ariko, umuntu umwe ku icumi (10% - 20%) yarwaye indwara ikomeye. Hari ingorane nyinshi zishobora kubaho iyo ibaye ikomeye:

• Umusonga: Iki ni cyo gihe ibihaha byandura maze udusaho duto tw’umwuka (alveoli) turi mu bihaha tukuzuzwa n’amazi. Ibi bibuza ogisijeni kwinjira neza na dioxyde de carbone gusohoka. Guhumeka biragoye cyane.
• Ogisijeni nke mu maraso no mu ngingo (Hypoxia): Iyo ibihaha bidakora neza, amaraso ntashobora kwinjiza ogisijeni umubiri ukeneye. Ibi bituma ogisijeni ibura mu ngingo zose z'umubiri. Iyi ni indwara iteje akaga cyane.
• Kunanirwa guhumeka: Iyo ibihaha bicitse intege cyane ku buryo bitabasha gukora akazi kabyo, ari nako guhumeka. Aha niho hakenewe guhumeka mu buryo bw'ubukorano.

Abantu barwaye cyane nk'aba, iyo badashobora guhumeka bonyine, bakirwa mu bitaro mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane.Twagombaga gukoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka bw’imashini, ni ukuvuga imashini zihumeka.

Ariko, abafite ibimenyetso bitari bikomeye cyane kandi byari bisanzwe bashoboye kuvurwa bari mu rugo. Nk'uko tubikora iyo dufite ibicurane cyangwa umuriro, dufata imiti igabanya ububabare, igabanya umuriro, tunywa amazi menshi, kandi tukaruhuka.

Ese hari uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura virusi ya SARS?

Ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza ni ukumenya niba hari uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura virusi ya SARS, ni ukuvuga umuti ushobora gukiza iyi ndwara burundu. Mu by'ukuri, oya. Nta muti wihariye ushobora gukiza virusi ya SARS burundu. Nanone, kimwe n'izindi ndwara nyinshi za virusi, nta miti yihariye ya virusi yariho icyo gihe, kandi nta n'indi ihari ubu. Ubuvuzi bugamije ahanini kugenzura ibimenyetso, gushyigikira umubiri (urugero, gutanga ogisijeni), no gukumira ingorane zishobora kubaho.

Ese SARS ishobora kwirindwa? Dukwiye gukora iki?

Yego, hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ikwirakwira ry'indwara za virusi nka SARS n'izindi ndwara zandura. Muri rusange izi ni ingeso z'ubuzima twese tuzi kandi tugomba gukurikiza buri munsi. Izi zifasha kwirinda SARS gusa, ahubwo no kwirinda indwara nka COVID, ndetse n'ibintu nk'ibicurane n'ibicurane.

• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi: Ni ngombwa cyane gukaraba intoki zawe neza ukoresheje isabune n'amazi atemba byibuze amasegonda 20. Ugomba gukaraba intoki zawe nyuma yo kuva hanze, mbere yo kurya, mbere yo gutegura ibiryo, na nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero. Niba isabune idahari, ushobora gukoresha umuti wo gusukura intoki ufite alukolo.
• Irinde abandi iyo urwaye: Niba ufite umuriro, inkorora, cyangwa izuru riva, guma mu rugo uko bishoboka kose. Irinde kujya ku kazi, ku ishuri, cyangwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda kwanduza abandi indwara.
• Ambara agapfukamunwa iyo urwaye cyangwa utekereza ko ushobora kuba urwaye n'iyo ugiye ahantu hahurira abantu benshi: Ibi birinda abandi udutonyanga usohora iyo ukorora cyangwa witsamuye.
• Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru n'inkokora yawe mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye: Ni byiza gupfuka umunwa wawe n'imbere mu nkokora yawe cyangwa agatambaro kuruta gupfuka ikiganza cyawe. Niba ukoresha agatambaro, kajugunye mu myanda ako kanya ukimara gukoresha.
• Irinde gukora ku maso, mu maso, mu mazuru no mu kanwa ukoresheje intoki zitakarabye.

Gukurikiza izi ngeso bizadufasha kwirinda indwara nyinshi zandura, atari SARS gusa.

Ni bangahe bapfuye bazize SARS?

Ubwo icyorezo cya SARS cyarangiraga mu 2003, abantu 916 bari bamaze gupfa ku isi yose. Hanyuma, mu cyorezo gito cyabaye mu 2004, undi muntu umwe yapfuye. Ibyo byatumye umubare w'abapfuye bose hamwe uba 917. Kubera ko abantu barenga 8.000 banduye icyo gihe, igipimo cy'impfu cyari hafi 10%. Ibyo ni ibintu bibabaje, ariko ukurikije uburyo indwara yakwirakwiriye, dushobora no gutekereza ko ingamba zihuse zafashwe n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima n'ibindi bihugu zashoboraga kubuza umubare w'abapfuye kwiyongera ku rugero runaka.

Ese COVID na SARS ni indwara imwe?

Iki ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi ku bantu benshi, kuko amazina asa gato. Oya, COVID-19 na SARS si indwara imwe. Zombi ni indwara z'ubuhumekero ziterwa n'ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa virusi . Ariko, amazina asa gato kuko virusi zombi ziri mu muryango umwe wa virusi zitwa Coronaviruses . Virusi itera SARS izwi mu buryo bwa siyansi nka SARS-CoV-1 naho virusi itera COVID-19 izwi nka SARS-CoV-2. Wari uzi ko zimwe na zimwe za coronavirus zishobora gutera n'indwara nto z'ubuhumekero nk'ibicurane bisanzwe?

Hari impinduka nyinshi z'ingenzi:

• Umuvuduko n'ikwirakwira: Virusi ya COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) ikwirakwira vuba cyane kandi byoroshye kurusha virusi ya SARS (SARS-CoV-1). Nanone, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bamaze kwandura COVID-19, umubare munini cyane ugereranije na SARS.
• Kwandura COVID-19 bidafite ibimenyetso: COVID-19 isa nkaho yoroshye kwanduzanya n'abantu bataragaragaza ibimenyetso ndetse n'abatagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ariko, SARS yanduzanyaga cyane nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragaye. Ibi bituma COVID-19 irushaho kugorana kuyigenzura.
• Ubukana: Nubwo byombi bishobora kuba bikomeye, igipimo cy'impfu zikomoka kuri COVID-19 muri rusange gisa nkaho kiri hasi ugereranije n'iz'indwara ya SARS, ariko bitewe n'umubare munini w'abantu banduye COVID-19, umubare w'abapfuye ni munini cyane ugereranije n'uw'indwara ya SARS.

Ikwirakwira rya SARS ryahagaritswe rite?

Ingamba z’ubuzima rusange zafashije cyane mu kurwanya icyorezo cya SARS. Icyo gihe, abahanga mu bya siyansi, abaganga, n’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima hirya no hino ku isi bakoranaga vuba cyane.

• Kumenya Virusi: Abahanga mu bya siyansi bahise bamenya virusi (SARS-CoV-1) nk'intandaro y'iyi ndwara nshya.
• Kunoza uburyo bwo gupima: Iyo virusi imaze kumenyekana, uburyo (nk'ibipimo bya PCR) byashoboraga gupima ko ihari bwahise bushyirwa ahagaragara.
• Kumenya no gushyira abarwayi mu kato: Igikuru ni uko SARS yandura cyane nyuma y’uko ibimenyetso bitangiye, bityo abantu bafite ibimenyetso nk’ibicurane bagomba kumenyekana vuba ku bibuga by’indege no mu bitaro, kandi bagashyirwa mu kato mu ngo zabo.Ibyakozwe, cyangwa byashyizwe mu byumba byihariye mu bitaro, byagize ingaruka nziza mu kugenzura ikwirakwira ry'icyorezo.
• Gukurikirana abantu bahuye n’ikigeragezo: Iyo umurwayi abonetse, amenya uwo yahuye na we kandi akamukurikirana.
• Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga: Ibihugu byasangiye amakuru kandi bikorana binyuze mu miryango nka OMS.

Mu by’ukuri, ni ibisanzwe ko abantu bumva batazi neza, bafite ubwoba, kandi bahangayikishijwe n’indwara iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane icyorezo gishya, gikwirakwira. Kuri bamwe, SARS yari yoroheje, mu gihe ku bandi yari ikomeye, yica amagana. Ariko abahanga mu bya siyansi, abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima, n’abaturage bagizweho ingaruka bakoranye kandi bakora cyane, bagabanya umubare w’abantu barwara. Inzego z’ubuzima mu bihugu bitandukanye zakoranye kugira ngo zimenye vuba virusi kandi zigenzure ikwirakwira ryayo. Niyo mpamvu nta barwayi bashya ba SARS bagaragaye kuva mu 2004.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Sawa, ndatekereza ko ubu usobanukiwe neza icyo twaganiriyeho kuri SARS. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko ubu nta cyorezo cya SARS kigaragara ku isi. Ibyo ni ihumure rikomeye. Ariko, dufite amasomo menshi y'ingirakamaro yo kwigira kuri ubwo bwoko bw'ibyorezo.

• Akamaro ko kugira ingeso nziza ku buzima: Ndetse n'ibintu byoroheje nko gukaraba intoki, kwirinda kwegera abandi igihe urwaye, no kwambara agapfukamunwa mu maso bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gukumira ikwirakwira ry'indwara zandura.
• Iterambere mu bya siyansi n'ubushakashatsi: Ibintu nk'ibi bitwereka neza akamaro ka siyansi mu gusuzuma indwara vuba, gukora ibizamini, gushaka imiti no gukora inkingo.
• Imbaraga z'ubumwe: Turabona kandi ukuntu ari imbaraga gutsinda ibibazo nk'ibi ku isi iyo ibihugu, abahanga mu bya siyansi, inzego z'ubuzima, n'abaturage bashyize hamwe bagakorera ku ntego imwe.

Nubwo SARS yari indwara iteje akaga mu bihe byashize, tugomba kwitegura kurushaho guhangana n'ibintu nk'ibyo mu gihe kizaza hamwe n'amasomo twakuyemo. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukwita ku buzima bwawe no gukora ibintu mu buryo bukwiye.

SARS , SARS, indwara z'ubuhumekero, coronavirus, ibimenyetso, kwandura virusi, icyorezo, ubuzima rusange