Ese kureba kwawe kugenda gucika buhoro buhoro? Bishobora kuba ari ukudakora neza kw'amaso!

Ese wabonye ko kureba kwawe kwatangiye kuba guke cyangwa kudakomeye vuba aha? Ushobora kubitekereza nk'aho ari ukunanirwa cyangwa umunaniro. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe izi mpinduka zigaragara zishobora kugaragaza indwara isaba ubuvuzi bukomeye. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kureba kwawe: kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso, izwi ku izina rya Optic Atrophy . Nyamuneka ntugatinye—tuzasobanura byose neza, mu buryo bworoshye, kandi mu buryo bugufasha kugenzura ubuzima bw'amaso yawe.

Kunanirwa k'amaso (Optic Atrophy) ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, kugabanuka k'amatwi (optic atrophy) bibaho iyo uturemangingo tugize umutsi wawe w'amaso twangiritse kandi tukagenda dushira buhoro buhoro. Ijambo "kugabanuka" risobanura kwangirika, gucika intege, cyangwa kugabanuka k'urugingo. Umutsi wawe w'amaso ukora nk'insinga y'ingenzi y'itumanaho - nk'insinga ya telefoni - itwara ibimenyetso biva mu jisho ryawe ikabishyira mu bwonko. Iyo uyu mutsi ugabanutse, itumanaho rirahagarara. Kubera iyo mpamvu, dufata kugabanuka k'amatwi nk'indwara ikomeye cyane .

Tekereza ijisho ryawe nk'ishusho igezweho. Kamera ifata ishusho, ariko umutsi w'amaso ni wo mugozi ujyana ayo makuru y'amashusho mu bwonko bwawe, bigatuma "ubona" ​​kandi ugasobanukirwa ishusho. Iyo iyi nsinga yangiritse, ni nko gukata insinga. Nubwo kamera y'ijisho ryawe yaba ikora neza, ubwonko ntibujya bwakira ibimenyetso, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye byo kureba . Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutuma utabona neza cyangwa utabona neza . Ikibazo gikomeye cyane ni uko iyi ndwara akenshi iba ihoraho kandi ntishobora gusubizwa inyuma iyo ibaye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso ukwiye kwitondera?

Ku bijyanye no kugabanuka k'amaso, ibimenyetso by'ibanze bisaba impinduka mu bwiza bw'amaso yawe. Reba neza ibi bimenyetso by'umuburo kugira ngo urebe niba hari kimwe muri byo uhura nabyo:

• Kugabanuka k'uburangare n'amarangamutima atagaragara neza: Inyuguti, amasura, n'ibintu wabonaga mbere bishobora gusa n'ibidasobanutse neza cyangwa bidafite isura—nk'uko lenzi ya kamera idasobanutse neza.
• Kubura kureba ku ruhande ( Kubura kureba ku ruhande): Ushobora kuba ugifite icyo ureba imbere yawe, ariko ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona ibintu mu mfuruka z'amaso yawe buragabanuka, bigatuma habaho ingaruka mbi zo "kubona mu mpande".
• Kugorwa no gutandukanya amabara (Kutabona neza amabara): Amabara—cyane cyane umutuku n'icyatsi kibisi—ashobora kugaragara nk'aho yavuyeho, yazimye, cyangwa bigoye kuyamenya.

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, nyamuneka ntukirengagize . Gufata gahunda yo kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso ni ingenzi cyane.

Ni iki gitera kugabanuka k'amatwi?

Kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso bishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye biyitera, byose bibangamira uburyo ibimenyetso by'amaso bijyanwa mu bwonko. Reka turebe impamvu z'ingenzi:

• Kudakora neza kw'amaraso (Ischemic Optic Neuropathy): Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze kugaragara . Kimwe n'izindi ngingo zose mu mubiri wawe, imitsi yawe y'amaso ikenera amaraso ahoraho kugira ngo itange ogisijeni n'intungamubiri by'ingenzi. Iyo uku gutembera kw'amaraso guhagaze, uturemangingo tw'imitsi tworoshye dushobora gutangira gupfa vuba.
• Indwara zo mu muryango cyangwa iz'umurage: Hari abantu bavukana ubumuga bwo kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso. Urugero, Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo, akenshi itangirana no kutabona neza mu jisho rimwe mbere y’uko rigira ingaruka ku rindi.
• Gukanda imitsi (igitutu cy'imbere cyangwa icyo hanze): Iyo ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko cyangwa igikuriro gikanda imitsi y'amaso, bishobora kwangiza bikomeye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, glaucoma ( Glaucoma ) yongera umuvuduko w'amaso mu jisho, bikangiza buhoro buhoro imitsi y'amaso uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Kubyimba (Optic Neuritis): Kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba k'umutsi w'amaso ubwawo ni impamvu ikunze kugaragara, akenshi bifitanye isano n'indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri nka Multiple Sclerosis. Ibintu byongera umuvuduko w'ubwonko, nka hydrocephalus (amazi menshi ku bwonko), nabyo bishobora kuyitera.
• Indwara: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwangiza imitsi yawe mu buryo butaziguye. Urugero, harimo syphilis , measles , n'izindi ndwara za bagiteri cyangwa virusi.
• Ibikomere cyangwa ibikomere by'amaso: Ingaruka zitunguranye ku mubiri—nk'ukubitwa n'umupira mu gihe cy'imikino, ibikomere bikomoka ku mpanuka z'ibinyabiziga, impanuka zo ku kazi, cyangwa gushyamirana—bishobora gutera ihungabana ry'umubiri ku buryo butaziguye ku mitsi y'amaso.
• Indwara z'ijisho: Indwara zigira ingaruka kuri retina, nko kurwara diyabete cyangwa kuziba kw'imitsi y'ijisho (umuyoboro w'amaraso uzibye mu jisho), zishobora gutuma imitsi y'amaso igabanuka.
• Uburozi, kubura intungamubiri, cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe: Guhura n'ibintu by'uburozi (nka methanol), kubura intungamubiri cyane (nk'ibura rya vitamine B12), cyangwa ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku miti runaka bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso ku mpande zombi, akenshi bigira ingaruka ku maso yombi.

Ese birandura?

Oya, indwara yo kunanirwa kw'amaso ntabwo yandura na gato ; ntushobora kuyindura cyangwa kuyiha undi muntu. Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura zishobora gutera iyi ndwara. Iyo urwaye indwara yandura, kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso bishobora gutera ikibazo gikomeye. Zimwe muri izo ndwara zirimo:

• Sifilo
• Indwara y'iseru
• Igituntu (TB)
• Indwara z'ibihumyo
• Indwara y'inkoko
• Indwara ya Lyme
• Aspergillosis (cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite ubushobozi bwo kuvura)
• Cryptococcosis (cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite ubushobozi bwo kuvura)

Ni izihe ngorane n'akaga bishobora guterwa?

Nkuko twabishimangiye mbere, iyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’amaso twabuze, ibyangiritse hafi ya byose ntibishobora gusubizwa inyuma . Uku kubura ubushobozi bwo kongera kuvugurura ni cyo kibazo gikomeye mu buvuzi. Ingorane nyamukuru yo kugabanuka k’amaso mu buryo budasubirwaho cyangwa bukomeje ni ukubura ubushobozi bwo kureba buhoro buhoro, bishobora gutuma umuntu ahuma burundu.

Ibuka: Kubona kose kwatakaye kubera kugabanuka k'amaso birashoboka cyane ko bizakira. Niyo mpamvu gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse igihe habayeho impinduka mu maso ari ingenzi cyane.

Ni gute Abaganga Basuzuma Indwara y'Amaso Idakira?

Niba ugize impinduka cyangwa ukumva utameze neza mu maso yawe, ugomba guhita ugana inzobere mu by'amaso (inzobere mu by'amaso) . Muganga wawe azatangira akubwira ibimenyetso byawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ndetse niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ibibazo nk'ibyo by'amaso. Bashobora kandi kukubaza ibijyanye n'imirire yawe, imibereho yawe, ndetse n'imiti cyangwa vitamine ufata, hanyuma hagakurikiraho isuzuma ry'amaso ryuzuye.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa?

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, umuganga w’amaso azakoresha igikoresho cyitwa ophthalmoscope kugira ngo arebe inyuma y’ijisho ryawe. Mu gihe asuzuma ijisho rifite ikibazo cyo kugabanuka kw’amano, muganga azamenya ko agace k’amaso (umutwe w’imitsi y’amaso) gasa n’akataraboneka cyangwa umweru aho kuba ibara ryako ryiza, ry’umuhondo n’umuhondo. Uku kugabanuka kw’amano bigaragaza ko imitsi itakaye kandi amaraso agabanuka.

Kugira ngo umenye impamvu nyayo itera kwangirika k'imitsi (nk'ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko, umuvuduko ukabije, cyangwa indwara z'umubiri nka Multiple Sclerosis), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima indwara nyinshi zigezweho. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Ikizamini cyo gupima ubunini bw'imitsi yawe y'amaso n'imitsi yo mu maso.
• Ibizamini byo mu murima w'amaso: Ikizamini cyo kugena aho ureba impande (ku ruhande) no kumenya ahantu hose utabona.
• Isuzuma rya Magnetic Resonance (MRI): Isuzuma ry'ubwonko n'impande (amaso) kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibibyimba, gukandamizwa, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ububyimba.
• Angiografiya ya Fluorescein: Ikizamini gikoresha irangi ryihariye kugira ngo gipime uburyo amaraso atembera mu mitsi ya retina n'amatwi.
• Ultrasound y'amaso: Uburyo bwo gufata amashusho bukoresha imiraba y'amajwi kugira ngo bugenzure imiterere y'imbere mu jisho.
• Gupima amaraso: Bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe indwara zandura, kubura imirire, cyangwa ibimenyetso by’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura buhari? Ese bushobora gukira?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara y’amaso . Iyo imitsi y’amaso imaze kwangirika, ntishobora kongera kumera neza cyangwa ngo ivugururwe neza. Niyo mpamvu duhora dushimangira akamaro ko kwita ku maso mu buryo bwo kwirinda, gusuzuma amaso buri gihe, no kugisha inama inzobere mu gihe cyose ubonye impinduka nke mu maso yawe.

Ariko, inzobere zishobora gukemura ikibazo zikoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya no kuvura impamvu nyamukuru . Mu gukemura ikibazo nyamukuru, dushobora guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya kwangirika kw'imitsi. Urugero:

• Iyo ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko gitera gukandamizwa, hashobora gukorwa ubuvuzi bw'imitsi kugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko.
• Niba amazi menshi yo mu bwonko (hydrocephalus) ari yo nyirabayazana, hashobora gushyirwaho shunt yo gusohora amazi.
• Ku bijyanye na glaucoma, ibitonyanga by’amaso byihariye, ubuvuzi bwa laser, cyangwa kubaga bizakoreshwa mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaso.
• Iyo hagaragaye ko hari ubwandu bufatika, hatangwa imiti igabanya ubukana cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw’udukoko.

Ese indwara ya optique atrophy ishobora kwirindwa?

Kenshi na kenshi, kugabanuka k'amaso ntigushobora kwirindwa burundu kuko impamvu nyamukuru (nk'indwara z'uturemangingo cyangwa indwara z'umubiri) zirenze ubushobozi bwacu. Ariko, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe ufata ingamba zo kwirinda, nko:

• Kwambara imyenda irinda amaso: Kurinda ihungabana ry'umubiri wambaye indorerwamo z'umutekano mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bishobora guteza akaga nko kubaza imbaho, gukora ibyuma, cyangwa gukina siporo yo gukubitaho.
• Gukomeza kumenya amakuru agezweho ku bijyanye n'inkingo: Inkingo zifasha mu kwirinda indwara zandura nka measles, zishobora gutera ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaso.
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bwizewe: Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, nka syphilis, zishobora kwibasira uturemangingo tw’imitsi.
• Gukemura indwara zidakira: Kurwanya neza indwara zidakira nka diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso yo mu maso.

Igitekerezo cy'igihe kirekire (Guhanura) ni iki?

Isuzuma ryawe ry’igihe kirekire rishingira cyane ku mpamvu yihariye y’ibyangiritse n’uburyo bimenyekana hakiri kare.

• Niba impamvu ari indwara y'ubwonko bw'amaso (optic neuritis), kureba kwawe gushobora kumera neza iyo ubwo bubyimbirwe bugabanutse cyangwa buvuwe na steroid.
• Iyo imitsi yangiritse cyane cyangwa yangiritse cyane (optic neuropathy), ntabwo bishoboka ko umuntu yatakaje amaso, ariko intego ni ugutuza amaso asigaye.
• Ku bijyanye na glaucoma, gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura buri gihe bishobora guhagarika uburyo bwo kutabona neza.
• Iyo ikibyimba cyangwa igitutu bigaragaye kandi bigavurwa hakiri kare, gukuraho igitutu bishobora gukumira kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso no kurinda amaso yawe asigaye.

Niba amaso yawe yamaze kugira ingaruka, nyamuneka ntucike intege . Vugana na muganga w'amaso yawe ku bigufasha kubona neza . Hari uburyo bwinshi butangaje buboneka muri iki gihe, harimo lenses zihariye, ibikoresho bikuza, na porogaramu yo kwandika inyandiko ijyanye n'ururimi yagenewe kugufasha kugumana ubwigenge bwawe n'ubuzima bwiza.

Ni ryari wagombye kubonana na muganga?

Nubwo ibizamini by’amaso bisanzwe ari ngombwa (cyane cyane niba ufite indwara z’amaso zisanzwe cyangwa ibintu bishobora gutera indwara nka diyabete), ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga wawe niba ubonye ibi bikurikira:

• Impinduka iyo ari yo yose itunguranye cyangwa igenda ihinduka mu kureba kwawe (nk'ubusa cyangwa ubushyuhe).
• Kugorwa no kumenya cyangwa gutandukanya amabara.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona ku ruhande (ku ruhande).

Umuburo w'ingenzi: Niba uhuye n'ikibazo cyo kutabona neza, ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso, cyangwa impinduka zihuse mu maso, shaka serivisi zihutirwa z'ubuvuzi vuba . Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi gisaba isuzuma ryihuse mu ishami ryita ku bibazo by'ingorabahizi mu bitaro.

Ni ibihe bibazo ukwiye kubaza muganga w'amaso yawe?

Ni ibisanzwe rwose kugira ibibazo byinshi mu gihe cyo kubonana na muganga. Turakugira inama yo kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yawe kugira ngo agufashe, kwandika urutonde rw'ibibazo mbere y'igihe, no kugira ikaye yo kwandikamo ibisubizo. Dore bimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi ushobora kubaza umuganga w'amaso yawe:

• Ni iyihe mpamvu yihariye itera kugabanuka k'amaso yanjye?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buhari kugira ngo habeho guhangana n'iki kibazo?
• Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubu buryo bwo kuvura?
• Ese indwara yanjye ishobora kuba ari iyo mu muryango cyangwa iyo mu muryango?
• Ese wangira inama yo gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo kuri njye cyangwa abo mu muryango wanjye?
• Ese hari igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi rihari rishobora kunshoboza?
• Ese ushobora gutanga inama ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona cyangwa inkunga yo gufasha abantu bo mu gace utuyemo?
• Ni izihe ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu kutabona neza cyangwa uburyo bwo kwihutisha ibintu byagirira akamaro cyane mu buzima bwanjye bwa buri munsi?

Niba ufite ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaso, kuguma hafi y'itsinda ryita ku barwayi b'amaso ni ingenzi cyane. Nubwo kugabanuka k'amaso bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusuzuma indwara, bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ibuka ko utari wenyine. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe muri Nirogi Lanka ni umufatanyabikorwa wawe mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe n'ubwisanzure bwawe. Ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye, ubufasha, ubuvuzi, n'ingamba zo guhangana n'ibibazo birahari kugira ngo bigufashe muri uru rugendo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi wafashe (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Kugabanuka k'amatwi ni indwara ikomeye aho kwangirika k'umutsi w'amaso bibangamira itumanaho ry'amaso hagati y'ijisho ryawe n'ubwonko, bikaba byanatuma ubura amaso burundu.
• Ntuzigere wirengagiza ibimenyetso by'umuburo nko kutabona neza, gutakaza amaso ku ruhande (ku ruhande), cyangwa kugorwa no gutandukanya amabara.
• Bishobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi, birimo kugabanuka kw'amaraso, gukandamizwa (ibibyimba), glaucoma, kubyimba, kwandura indwara, ndetse n'ihungabana ry'umubiri.
• Nubwo iyi ndwara ubwayo idakwirakwira , ishobora guterwa n'ingaruka z'indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura.
• Kugeza ubu, nta muti uhari wo gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse by'imitsi bihariUbuvuzi bwibanda ku gucunga impamvu nyamukuru kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho kugabanuka k'amaso.
• Gusuzuma hakiri kare ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe kugira ngo umenye ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare.
• Ibikoresho byoroshye byo kubona neza, ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n'imimerere, n'imiyoboro y'ubufasha birahari kugira ngo bigufashe kubaho ubuzima bwiza.

Kurinda amaso yawe ni umuhigo w'ubuzima bwawe bwose. N'ubundi kandi, amaso yawe ni ryo dirishya ryawe ry'agaciro kurusha ayandi yose ku isi. Reka tugufashe kuyakomeza!