Ni iki gikoresho cya myelin gikikije uturemangingo tw'imitsi yacu? Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo intumwa nto ziri mu mibiri yacu, ari zo turemangingo tw’imitsi, zikora vuba kandi neza? Mu by’ukuri, umubiri wacu wose, kuva ku buryo dutekereza kugeza ku buryo tugendana amaboko n’amaguru, ugenzurwa n’iyi mitsi. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku kintu cy’ingenzi cyane gifasha izi ngirabuzimafatizo gukora neza. Icyo ni Myelin Sheath .

Igitambaro cya Myelin ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

Mu magambo make, agapfundikizo ka myelin ni igipfundikizo kirinda buri turemangingo tw’imitsi yacu (twanayita `(Neuron)`). Ni nk'agapfundikizo gato. Gakozwe mu binure (ni ukuvuga `(Lipides)`) na poroteyine. Aka gapfundikizo gatwikira igice cy’ingenzi cy’uturemangingo tw’imitsi, cyitwa axon . Tekereza nk'insinga y'amashanyarazi mu ngo zacu. Gafite agapfundikizo ka pulasitiki gakikije insinga z'umuringa. Uko ni ko aka gapfundikizo ka myelin karinda uturemangingo tw’imitsi kandi kakadufasha gukora neza.

Ibice by'imitsi y'ubwonko ni ibihe? Bimeze nk'igiti!

Mbere yuko tuvuga byinshi ku gice cy'imitsi, reka dusobanukirwe icyo ingirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi ari cyo n'ibice byayo. Ingirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi zigize sisitemu yacu y'imitsi . Iyi sisitemu y'imitsi ni nk'ikigo cy'ingenzi cyo guhanahana amakuru mu mubiri wacu. Yakira amakuru aturutse impande zose z'umubiri, akayisubiza, kandi igakora ku bibera imbere no hanze y'umubiri. Iyo turebye ingirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi, ifite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi. Tekereza ko ingirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi imeze nk'igiti : 1. Soma cyangwa Umubiri w'Ingirabuzimafatizo: Ibi bimeze nk'imizi y'igiti. Dendrites , zimeze nk'imizi ya soma, zikura "intungamubiri" mu butaka. Ariko hano, "intungamubiri" ni ubutumwa bwa chimique buturuka mu tundi tunyangingo tw'imitsi turi hafi aho. Ubwo butumwa buhinduka impulses z'amashanyarazi. Urufatiro rw'ingirabuzimafatizo narwo ruri muri iyi soma. 2. Axon: Ibi bimeze nk'igiti kirekire cy'igiti. Nk'uko intungamubiri zikurwa mu mizi y'igiti zizamuka ku giti, axon nayo itwara impulses z'amashanyarazi zituruka kuri soma ziyikikije. 3. Axon Terminal: Ibi bimeze nk'utubuto turi ku mpera z'amashami y'igiti. Amababi n'umukungugu biva muri utu tubuto. Muri ubu buryo, impulses z'amashanyarazi "zirekurwa" muri aka kabuto kugira ngo zibashe gukururwa n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi dukurikira. Iyi gahunda ikomeza kugeza ubwo ubutumwa bugeze mu bwonko bwawe, mu ruti rw'umugongo , cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Ingaruka ni ibintu nk'imitsi ifatana kugira ngo igendeshe ukuboko kwawe, igufashe guhumeka, cyangwa itume umutima wawe utera. Noneho ushobora kuba ufite igitekerezo gito ku miterere y'ibanze y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi.

Ni iki kibaye kuri Myelin Sheath?

Agahu ka myelin gafite imirimo itatu y'ingenzi:

• Gutanga uburinzi: Nkuko nabivuze mbere, iyi lipid-protein coating itanga uburinzi ku ngirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi , kimwe n'agatambaro ka pulasitiki gakikije insinga z'insinga z'amashanyarazi.
• Itumanaho ryihuse: Niyo mpamvu impulses z'amashanyarazi ziva mu tunyangingo tw'imitsi imwe zijya mu tundi vuba kandi neza . Iyo hatabaho myelin, uru rugendo rwaba rutinze cyane.
• Gukomeza imbaraga z'ingufu: Iyi sheath ya myelin ifasha gukomeza imbaraga z'ubutumwa mu gihe bugenda bunyura muri axon.

Myeline ikorwa n'uturemangingo twitwa oligodendrocytes mu bwonko bwacu no mu ruti rw'umugongo (twita Sisitemu y'imitsi yo hagati (CNS) . Mu buryo nk'ubwo, myelin ikorwa n'uturemangingo twa Schwann muri Sisitemu yacu y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere (urusobe rw'imitsi yo hanze y'urwego rw'imitsi yo hagati, ikwirakwira mu mubiri wose). Iyi mitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere ni yo itanga ubutumwa hagati y'urwego rw'imitsi rwo hagati n'urundi rwego rw'umubiri.

Icyuho kiri mu gice cya myelin cyitwa iki?

Ntugatekereze ko agace ka myelin ari igipfundikizo gikomeza kandi gikomeye. Oya, ni nk'uruhererekane rurerure rw'udusanduku. Aho agasanduku kamwe karangirira agasanduku gakurikiraho gatangiye, hari icyuho gito. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, agace ka myelin kagizwe n'uruhererekane rw'imigozi ya myelin itandukanyijwe. Buri mpande za myelin zitwa internode . Utu duce duto turi hagati y'imigozi ibiri ya myelin twitwa nodes za Ranvier . Utu duce twa Ranvier tugizwe n'umubare munini wa iyoni nziza za sodium. Iyo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi, cyangwa impulse, kigenda kuri axon, gisimbuka kuva kuri nodes imwe ya Ranvier kijya kuri iyindi. Iyo cyambutse iki cyuho, iyoni za sodium zisubiza ingufu ku kimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi. Hanyuma ikimenyetso gishobora gukomeza kugenda kidatakaza umuriro cyangwa ngo gitakaze imbaraga zacyo. Ni uburyo butangaje cyane, si byo se?

Bigenda bite iyo agahu ka myelin kangiritse?

Bivugwa ko hari uturemangingo tw’imitsi tugera kuri miliyari 100 mu mubiri wacu. Buri kimwe muri ibi gihora gikora, cyohereza kandi cyakira ubutumwa, kigenzura buri gikorwa cyose mu mubiri wacu. Tekereza uko byagenda iyo agahu ka myelin gakikije utwo turemangingo tw’imitsi kangiritse. Hanyuma umuvuduko w’ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi wagabanuka, cyangwa ugahagarara burundu. Imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zo kwangirika kwa myelin ni ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu.Uturemangingo twibeshya ko myelin ari ikintu kidasanzwe kivuye hanze. Hanyuma ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri butangira kwibasira myelin. Ibi bituma habaho ibintu bitera ububabare, byangiza myelin. Amaherezo, uturemangingo dukora myelin (oligodendrocytes na selile za Schwann) na two turapfa. Uku kwangirika kw'agahu ka myelin byitwa demyelination . Bitewe n'aho myelin yibasiwe, ibimenyetso byawe biratandukana.

Ni izihe ndwara zangiza myelin?

Hari indwara nyinshi zangiza myelin. Ushobora kuba warumvise zimwe muri izi ndwara.

Indwara zifata myelin mu mitsi yo hagati (CNS):

Indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane abantu benshi bumvise, yibasira myelin yo mu bwonko n'umugongo, ni multiple sclerosis . Byongeye kandi, hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka kuri myelin yo mu bwonko:

• Encephalomyelitis ikwirakwira mu buryo butunguranye: Iyi ni ingaruka mbi cyane ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri ibaho mu mitsi yo hagati.
• Schilder's Sclerosis: Izwi kandi nka ``Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis'', iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara itera kwangirika kw'imitsi igaragara mu bana.
• Myelite ihindura imiterere y'umubiri: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri itera kubyimba k'umugongo.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: Muri ibi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira imitsi y'ijisho n'umugongo binyuze mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri .
• Indwara ya Optic Neuritis : Ibi binakubiyemo kubyimba k'umutsi w'amaso.
• Kugabanya myelin mu maraso: Iki ni igisebe kimwe cyangiza myelin gifite ubunini burenze santimetero 2.

Indwara zigira ingaruka kuri myelin mu mitsi yo mu gice cy'imyakura:

• Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kubaho nyuma yo kwandura cyangwa, gake cyane, nyuma yo gukingirwa.
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Iyi ni indwara ikomeza kwiyongera yibasira myelin.
• Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Ubu ni ubwoko bw'indwara y'imitsi ijyana no kuba hari antibody ifitanye isano na kanseri.
• Indwara y'amenyo ya Charcot Marie ubwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa X: Iyi ni indwara y'imitsi ivuka mu mizingo.
• Kubura Umuringa: Iyo urugero rw'umuringa ruri hasi, myelin itakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyirinda kandi irushaho kwangirika.

Ni izihe ndwara zindi zishobora kwangiza myelin?

Hari izindi mpamvu zishobora gutuma agahu ka myelin gashobora kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika ku bantu bakuru:

• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Indwara, Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'indwara za metabolike (`(Indwara za metabolike)`)
• Ubwoko bw'uburozi
• Kubura Vitamine B12
• Imiti imwe n'imwe, urugero `(Ethambutol)`
• Gukoresha inzoga nyinshi

Byongeye kandi, mu ndwara nyinshi zidasanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa myelin sheath ntizikora neza. Urugero, harimo indwara ya Tay-Sachs , indwara ya Gaucher , indwara ya Hurler, na Niemann-Pick Disease .

Tekereza ukuntu imikorere y'umubiri wacu yakwangirika iyo izi nzira zihuta zijyana ubutumwa mu mubiri wacu zifungwa, nko gufatirwa mu muhanda. Niyo mpamvu ubuzima bw'agace ka myelin ari ingenzi cyane.

Ese ibyangiritse kuri myelin bishobora gusanwa?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Yego, myelin yangiritse ishobora gusanwa , haba mu mitsi yo hagati ndetse no mu mitsi yo mu gice cy'inyuma. Ariko ni ngombwa kugenzura ibintu bitera kwangirika kwa myelin, nko kubyimba, no gukoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya/guhindura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (urugero , steroid , immunoglobulin yo mu mitsi (IVIG) , n'indi miti). Abahanga mu bya siyansi bateye imbere cyane mu gusobanukirwa uburyo bushoboka bwo guteza imbere myelin. Nubwo hari ubushakashatsi butanga icyizere, ntabwo biramenyekana neza akamaro byagiriye abarwayi. Kuri ubu nta miti yemewe yo gusana myelin ihari. Dore ingero nke gusa z'ubushakashatsi:

• Igerageza rito ryakozwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri ryerekanye ko umuti wa antihistamine wa Clemastine ukoreshwa mu kanwa ufite ubushobozi bwo gusana myelin. Clemastine yanogeje uburyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bikwirakwizwa ku barwayi ba sclerosis nyinshi bafite ikibazo cy'imitsi y'amaso. Irindi gerageza rya mbere ku bantu ryagaragaje ko uruvange rw'umuti wa diyabete witwa metformin na Clemastine byafashije kongera kuvugurura myelin.
• Uturemangingo tw'umugongoMu guhagarika molekile mu turemangingo twa oligodendrocyte, dukora myelin mu mitsi yo hagati (izi ni "inkingi z'ubwubatsi" z'ubwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo), imbeba zifite ibimenyetso bisa na sclerosis nyinshi zashoboye gusana myelin yazo no gukira ku rugero runaka.
• Ubushakashatsi burakomeje ku bushobozi bw'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo bwo gusana ibyangiritse bya myelin no kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara.
• Indi miti igaragaza icyizere mu kurinda uturemangingo tw’imitsi kwangirika kurushaho. Umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe ibudilast wagabanyije cyane igipimo cy’urupfu rw’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko (atrophy) mu igerageza ryakozwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri. Umuti wa phenytoin uvura igicuri byagaragaye ko ari mwiza, ugabanya kwangirika kwa myelin ku kigero cya 30% ugereranije n’uwakoreshejwe muri placebo. Aside lipoic irwanya uburozi ishobora gufasha mu gukumira kwangirika kw’imitsi.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Rero, urabona ubu akamaro k'iki gikoresho cya myelin ku mikorere myiza y'imitsi yacu. Myelin ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza y'utu tunyangingo tw'imitsi tubarirwa muri za miriyari tubwirana na buri gice cy'umubiri wacu kandi tukagenzura byose.

• Myeline ni agakoresho karinda umubiri gakozwe mu binure na poroteyine bikikije uturemangingo tw’imitsi.
• Bifasha imitsi kugenda vuba kandi neza.
• Kwangirika kwa myelin bishobora gutera indwara zikomeye nka sclerosis nyinshi.
• Ubushakashatsi burakomeje ku buryo bwo gucunga no gusana indwara zitera kwangirika kwa myelin.

Indwara nyinshi n'indwara zishobora kwibasira myelin. Multiple sclerosis ni yo izwi cyane muri izi. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko abashakashatsi bahora bashaka uburyo bwo kurinda, gusana no kongera kuvugurura myelin. Kandi barimo gutera intambwe muri ibyo. Rero, hari icyizere!

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Myeline, sheath ya myelin, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, neurons, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, uturemangingo tw'imitsi two hagati, uturemangingo tw'imitsi two ku ruhande, demyelination, multiple sclerosis