Bite se baramutse bashyize kamera nto mu mutima wawe bakayireba? Ibyo ni ugukoresha catheterization y'umutima!

Ese ukunze kubabara mu gatuza? Cyangwa muganga wawe akeka ko ufite ikibazo cy'umutima? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku isuzuma ryihariye rikorwa kugira ngo harebwe neza ibirimo kuba mu mutima wawe. Ibi nibyo twita `(Catheterization y'umutima)`. Izina rishobora kumvikana nk'ikintu gikomeye, ariko ntugire ubwoba. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

Catheterization y'umutima ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza ko washakaga kugenzura niba imiyoboro y'amaraso iri mu mutima wawe, imiyoboro mito ijyana amaraso mu mutima wawe, ikora neza kandi niba hari ahantu hafunganye. Ni bwo iki kizamini cya "Cardiac Catheterization" kiba kirangiye.

Mu magambo make, ibi bikubiyemo kohereza umuyoboro muto cyane (witwa kandi "catheter") mu muyoboro munini w'amaraso uri mu kuboko kwawe cyangwa mu gituza cyawe ukawushyira mu mutima wawe. Ni nko gushyira kamera nto imbere. Iyo umuyoboro winjiye mu mutima wawe, abaganga bashobora kubona neza imiyoboro y'amaraso iri mu mutima wawe, nka "imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima" (imitsi itanga amaraso mu mitsi y'umutima) cyangwa "imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bihaha" (imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima ikayajyana mu bihaha). Ibi bishobora kugaragaza neza niba hari ikibazo mu miterere cyangwa imikorere y'umutima.

Ubu si ukubagwa gukomeye. Ibyo bivuze ko nta gukomereka gukomeye ku mubiri. Rero igihe cyo gukira kiba gito cyane ugereranije no kubagwa. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe nyuma y'iki kizamini, bitewe n'ibisubizo, muganga ashobora gufata icyemezo cy'uko ukeneye kubagwa.

Iki kizamini gikorwa n'inzobere mu by'umutima wahawe amahugurwa yihariye muri uru rwego hamwe n'itsinda rye. Iri tsinda riri kumwe n'abandi baganga, abaforomo n'abatekinisiye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa catheterization y'umutima?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ibi ahanini:

1. Gushyira umutima mu katheta y'ibumoso: Ibi bikubiyemo kohereza umuyoboro muto (catheter) mu mutsi ujya mu mutima. Ubu buryo bugufasha kubona imiterere y'ibyumba n'imitsi ijyana umutima mu mutima ku ruhande rw'ibumoso, no gupima umuvuduko w'umutima kuri urwo ruhande.

2. Gushyiramo katheta y'umutima iburyo: Muri ibi, umuyoboro unyura mu mutsi. Ibi bidufasha kubona ibyumba by'uruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima n'umuvuduko uri kuri urwo ruhande.

Kuki muganga yagira inama yo gupima umutima hakoreshejwe catheter?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma muganga asaba iki kizamini. Reka turebere hamwe izo ari zo:

• Niba ukunda kubabara mu gituza cyangwa umutima utera nabi, menya impamvu.
• Fata ikizamini cy'amaraso cyangwa agace gato cyane k'umubiri uvuye mu mutima hanyuma ubipime (`(biopsy)`).
• Menya neza ko nta kibazo kiri mu mitsi yawe y'umutima cyangwa mu mitsi y'umutima.
• Reba niba imitsi y'umutima ikora neza hanyuma umenye niba hari indwara y'imitsi y'umutima (cardiomyopathy).
• Suzuma ibibazo by'imitsi ijyana mu bihaha byawe (imitsi y'ibihaha) n'umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije (umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha).
• Genzura uburyo amaraso atembera, urugero rwa ogisijeni, n'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu bice bitandukanye by'umutima.
• Shaka amakuru andi masuzuma adashobora kubona neza.
• Hitamo uburyo bwo kuvurwa bukenewe nyuma yaho. Urugero, niba umuyoboro w'amaraso uzibye, bizafasha gufata icyemezo cyo kuwusukura, gushyiramo stent, cyangwa kubaga nka CABG (coronary artery bypass graft).
• Iki kizamini ni ingenzi kandi mu gihe uteganya gutera umutima.

Gukoresha catheter mu mutima bikora gute?

Reka mbisobanure gato. Nyuma yuko muganga ashyize uwo muyoboro muto mu mutima, amazi yihariye (yitwa 'ibintu bitandukanya') anyuzwa muri uwo muyoboro mu mutima no mu miyoboro y'amaraso. Aya mazi atuma imiyoboro y'amaraso n'ibyumba by'umutima bigaragara neza ku mashusho ya 'X-ray'.

Uko aya mazi agenda mu mutima, afatwa kuri X-ray (izwi kandi nka coronary angiogram). Uhereye kuri aya mashusho yo kuri interineti, muganga ashobora:

• Shaka neza aho umutsi w'amaraso ufunga cyangwa ufunganye.
• Suzuma ingano n'imiterere y'ibyumba by'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Reba niba hari amaraso cyangwa ibisebe bidasanzwe biva.

Hari igihe, niba ukeneye kumenya amakuru arambuye, ibindi bizamini byihariye bishobora gukorwa icyarimwe n'iyi "Catheterization y'umutima". Urugero:

• Ultrasound yo mu mitsi (IVUS): Iyi ultrasound ishobora gukoreshwa mu kureba plaque na calcium byinjijwe mu mitsi y'amaraso, no kureba niba hari stent iri mu mwanya wayo.
• Uburyo bwo kubika amaraso mu gice cy'amaraso (FFR): Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gupima umuvuduko ku mpande zombi z'imitsi y'amaraso yazibye no kumenya niba kuziba kwayo gukabije ku buryo byasaba kuvurwa.
• `(Optical coherence tomography - OCT)`: Ibi bishobora gufata amashusho asobanutse neza y’imbere mu miyoboro y’amaraso.

Nanone, hari igihe muganga ashobora kuvura mu gihe akora iyi "Catheterization y'umutima". Ibi si ukubaga.

• Angioplasty: Kwagura imitsi y'umutima ifungana no kunoza uburyo amaraso atembera mu mutima.
• `(Gushyira stent)`: Gushyiramo agakoresho gato kameze nk'urushundura (`(Stent)`) mu mutsi wagutse kugira ngo udasubira gufungana.
• Valvuloplasty: Gufungura umugozi w'umutima wagabanutse.
• `(Rotablation)`: Uburyo bwo kuvura gukuraho calcium mu mitsi.
• Intravascular lithotripsy: Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha ibara ryihariye n'imiraba y'umuvuduko kugira ngo hameneke kalisiyumu.
• `(Gukura umutima)`:Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara y'umutima idasanzwe.

Tekereza ukuntu byaba bifite akamaro uramutse ubonye ibibazo ku mutima wawe ukoresheje ikizamini kimwe, rimwe na rimwe ukabivura aho ngaho? Ibyo ni byo byose.

Iki kizamini cyo gupima umutima (Heart Cath) kimara igihe kingana iki?

Gukoresha catheter isanzwe y'umutima, ireba gusa imitsi y'umutima, bifata iminota 30. Ariko, iki gihe gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'icyo ikizamini kigamije.

Ariko, iyo wongeyeho igihe cyo kwitegura ibi n'igihe cyo gukira nyuma yo gupimwa, uzagomba kumara umunsi wose mu bitaro. Bishobora gufata amasaha atanu, icyenda, cyangwa arenga. Nubwo waba uri maso mu gihe cyo gupimwa, uzagomba kugena umunsi wose kuri ibi. Niba ku mpamvu runaka abaganga bahisemo gukora uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nka angioplasty, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kurushaho, wenda amasaha menshi.

Ni iki wakwitega mbere y'ikizamini?

Mbere yo gukoresha `(Catheterization y'umutima)`, ugomba kumenya ibi bintu:

• Uzakenera guhagarika kurya no kunywa amasaha make mbere yo kwipimisha (ubusanzwe amasaha agera kuri atandatu kugeza ku munani).
• Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira guhagarika by'agateganyo gufata imiti imwe n'imwe cyangwa guhindura ingano. Ugomba kubikora ukurikije ibyo.
• Ugomba kubwira muganga wawe ibyerekeye ubwivumbure ubwo aribwo bwose ufite n'imiti yose ufata.

Umaze kugera mu bitaro:

• Ugomba kwambara ikanzu wahawe n'ibitaro.
• Umuyoboro muto (uva mu mitsi - IV) uzashyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe kugira ngo uhabwe umuti n'amazi.
• Ugomba kuryama ku gitanda cyihariye. Hejuru y'iki gitanda hari kamera nini ya X-ray na televiziyo nyinshi.
• Uruhu rutegurwa aho umuyoboro muto (catheter) uzashyirwa (haba mu kuboko cyangwa mu kibuno).
• Uduce duto duto, duto kandi dufata (electrodes) dushyirwa ku gituza cyawe. Duhujwe na moniteur ya electrocardiograph (EKG). Ibi bigenzura umuvuduko w'umutima wawe n'umuvuduko wawe.
• Uzahabwa umuti woroshye wo kuruhuka kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho, ariko uzakomeza kuba maso kandi ugire ubwenge mu gihe cyose cy'ikizamini.
• Birakwiye kwitondera ibintu nka allergie, isesemi, no kubabara mu gatuza.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Mu gihe cyo gupima umutima, muganga azakora ibi bikurikira:

• Umuti utera ibisebe uterwa munsi y'uruhu rwawe ukoresheje urushinge ruto.
• Agakoresho gato ka pulasitiki (`agakoresho k'intangiriro` - katheteri inyuzwamo) gashyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso iri mu kuboko kwawe, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu nda.
• Katheta ishyirwa mu gikapu ikagezwa mu mutima. (Ushobora kumva ubabara gato iyo ushyizwemo agace k'igikapu cyangwa katheta, ariko ntibikwiye kubabaza.)
• Kugira ngo ufashe catheter gushyira neza, ushobora gusabwa guhindukiza umutwe wawe cyangwa guhumeka cyane ukawufata amasegonda make.
• Icyumba kiraba gifunze, maze agace gato k'amazi yihariye (ibintu bitandukanya) gashyirwa mu mitsi yawe n'ibyumba by'umutima binyuze muri catheter. Muri iki gihe, ushobora kumva ushyushye mu mubiri wawe cyangwa mu maso mu gihe cy'amasegonda make .
• Ukoresheje kamera ya X-ray, amazi azanyuzwa mu mitsi yawe no mu byumba by'umutima kugira ngo ufate amafoto (uzasabwa guhagarika umwuka wawe mu gihe X-ray ifatwa).
• Ukiri muzima, bazagukuraho catheter n'agapfunyika.
• Amatara yongeye kwaka.

Ni iki wakwitega nyuma yo gukorerwa catheter y'umutima?

Nyuma yo gusuzuma, muganga akuraho catheter n'agapfunyika.

Niba catheter yari yashyizwe mu ntoki zawe:

• Bandeji ishyirwa aho umuyoboro winjijwe.
• Ugomba kugumana ukuboko kwawe kugororotse byibuze isaha imwe (ariko ushobora kugenda n'amaguru).
• Uzakomeza gukurikiranwa mu gihe cy'amasaha make kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibimenyetso cyangwa ingaruka mbi.
• Bazaguha amabwiriza y'uko wakwita ku maboko yawe igihe ugiye mu rugo.
• Niba wumva urimo kuva amaraso (ufite ubushyuhe, intoki zawe zitameze neza, cyangwa niba wumva ikintu kidasanzwe, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe.

Niba catheter yashyizwemo inyuze mu kibuno cyawe:

• Aho umuntu yinjirira hafatwa nk'aho hakomeye, rimwe na rimwe hagakoreshwa umugozi cyangwa "plug" (ibi bigabanya kuva amaraso).
• Bakubwira kuryama mu buriri amaguru yawe agororotse mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri kugeza kuri atandatu kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike (iki gihe ushobora kugabanuka uramutse ushyizemo "agapfunyika"). Bakubwira kandi kutazamura umutwe wawe kurenza imifariso ibiri.
• Kugira ngo birinde kwandura, igitambaro gisukuye gishyirwa ku gice cyo mu nda kandi kigasuzumwa buri gihe.
• Niba wumva uva amaraso (atose, ashyushye), niba ibirenge byawe byacitse intege, cyangwa niba wumva ikintu kidasanzwe, babwire.

Gukira nyuma yo gukaraba umutima (Catheterization)

Wite ku bintu nk'ibi mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Ugomba kunywa amazi menshi kugira ngo ukuremo amazi yihariye (ibintu bitandukanya).
• Muganga azakubwira niba uzataha uwo munsi cyangwa niba uzarara mu bitaro ijoro ryose (uko byagenda kose, uzakurikiranwa amasaha make nyuma yo gupimwa).
• Vugana na muganga wawe uburyo bwo kwita ku gikomere.
• Ukeneye umuntu wo kugutwara akagutwara mu rugo (niba inzu yawe iri kure y'amasaha arenga abiri, guma muri hoteli kandi ugende n'amaguru iminota itanu kugeza ku icumi buri saha).

Ubusanzwe ushobora gutwara imodoka amasaha 24 nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro. Bitewe n'aho catheter yashyizwe, ugomba kwirinda gukora imirimo ivunanye (nk'imikino cyangwa guterura ibintu biremereye) mu gihe cy'iminsi ibiri kugeza kuri itanu. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe ushobora gusubira ku kazi.

Iyo uri mu rugo, si byiza kwinjiza igikomere mu mazi mu gihe cy'icyumweru.Ibyo bivuze ko udakwiye koga cyangwa kwinjira mu bwogero. Ariko ushobora kwiyuhagira amasaha 24 nyuma yo gupimwa.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'iki kizamini?

Nkuko bigenda ku bipimo byose by’ubuvuzi, hari ingaruka nkeya zishobora kubaho, ariko izi ni gake cyane.

• Uburyo bwo kugira ubwivumbure.
• Imivuduko y'umutima idahwitse.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi.
• Kuva amaraso cyangwa kwandura aho catheter ishyirwa.
• Gucika kw'ibihaha (pneumothorax).
• Kubabara mu gituza bidashira.
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko.
• Ukwiyongera kw'amazi hirya no hino ku mutima (`(umutima tamponade)`).
• Kuziba kw'amaraso, indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi cyangwa urupfu (ibi ni gake cyane ).
• Kubagwa byihutirwa, urugero nko kubagwa umutsi w’amaraso uva mu mutima (CABG).

Iyo uganiriye na muganga wawe, menya neza ko usobanukiwe n'izi ngaruka zose. Baza kandi impamvu usabwa gukora iki kizamini. Nubwo ubu atari uburyo bwo kubaga, bushobora gusa nkaho ari igikorwa gikomeye. Ariko, ibuka ko ingorane zituruka kuri ubu buryo zikunze kubaho gake.

Ingaruka ni izihe? Eva asobanura iki?

Nyuma yo kubagwa umutima, muganga wawe azaba afite amakuru menshi y'ingenzi azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bushya bwo kuvurwa. Ibisubizo bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'impamvu yo gupimwa.

Muganga ashobora:

• Shaka ikibazo, nko kuziba kw'imitsi y'umutima, hanyuma ukivure aho ngaho.
• Kumenya indwara isaba kubagwa.
• Urugero rw'imitsi y'umutima wawe rwoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo "biopse".
• Shaka amakuru ukeneye kugira ngo utegure uburyo bwo kwivuza.
• Menya neza ko umutima wawe ukora neza nyuma yo kuvurwa mbere.

Ni ryari ibisubizo bizamenyekana?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira ibisubizo ako kanya, ariko kubera ko bifata igihe kugira ngo ikintu nk'ingero y'inyama ikoreshwe muri laboratwari, bishobora gufata iminsi mike kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo.

Niba ibisubizo bidasanzwe, ni iki ukurikizaho?

Mu gihe umuganga abonye ikibazo mu gihe cyo kuvurwa umutima, azateganya ibindi bipimo cyangwa ubuvuzi. Amakuru ahawe ashobora no kwitegura kubagwa.

Ni ryari ngomba guhamagara muganga?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso nyuma yo gushyirwa mu katheta y'umutima, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya:

• Niba urwaye umuriro .
• Niba wumva umeze nk'ufite isereri .
• Iyo hari ububabare, kubyimba, kuva amaraso, cyangwa amabyi aho catheter yashyizwe.
• Niba ubabara mu gatuza .
• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka .
• Niba umutima wawe wumva utari usanzwe .

Niba wumva urwaye indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Bishobora gutera ubwoba gutekereza ko hari umuntu ureba mu mutima wawe. Ariko ibuka ko iyi '(Catheterization y'umutima)' atari ukubagwa, kandi ufite itsinda ry'abaganga b'inzobere bo kukwitaho. Amakuru yavuye muri iki kizamini ni ingenzi cyane ku baganga baguhitiyemo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Kubwibyo, iki kizamini ni intambwe imwe gusa mu rugendo rwo gukira. Ntukigere utinya kubaza muganga wawe ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa gushidikanya ufite. Ni ingenzi cyane gusobanura neza ibiri mu mutima wawe.

Gupima umutima , indwara z'umutima, angiogram, stent, ibizamini by'umutima, kuvura umutima, ubuzima bw'umutima