Byose ukeneye kumenya ku isuzuma rya hemoglobin

Ese uhora wumva unaniwe kandi nta buzima ufite? Hari igihe wumva uzumva umeze nk'urwara cyangwa amaguru yawe agakonja? Impamvu imwe y'ibi bintu ishobora kuba igabanuka ry'ingano ya hemoglobin mu maraso yawe. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire mu buryo bworoshye kandi bw'inshuti ku bijyanye n'iyi hemoglobin, ikizamini gipima kivuga, n'indwara ishobora kuvumbura.

Mu magambo make, hemoglobin ni iki?

Tekereza kuri ibi, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ni utwuma duto dutwara ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu. Hanyuma, utwuma dukuru dushyira ogisijeni muri ayo makamyo tukayikwirakwiza mu bice byose by'umubiri ni hemoglobine . Iyi ni poroteyine idasanzwe iboneka mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Hemoglobine irimo icyuma. Ni icyuma gifata ogisijeni kikayifasha kuyitwara mu bihaha ikayijyana mu bindi bice byose by'umubiri.

Mu magambo make, ingano ya hemoglobine mu maraso yawe iguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'uko uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza. Kumenya uru rugero bishobora gufasha muganga wawe gusuzuma indwara ziterwa n'amaraso n'izindi ndwara, nko kubura amaraso.

Kuki iki kizamini cya hemoglobin gikorwa?

Iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha buri gihe, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko upimwa hemoglobine nk'igice cy'umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC). CBC ipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, na plaquettes mu maraso yawe. Aya makuru ashobora kuguha ishusho nziza y'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Byongeye kandi, niba ufite ibimenyetso by'urugero rwa hemoglobine ruri hasi cyangwa ruri hejuru, muganga wawe nta kabuza azagusaba iki kizamini.

Ese ugomba kwitegura mbere yo gukora ikizamini?

Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma urugero rwa hemoglobine gusa ntigisaba imyitozo yihariye. Kirashobora gukorwa mu minota mike gusa.

Ariko, hari igihe muganga wawe agutegeka ko habaho ibindi bipimo bike by'amaraso hamwe n'iki gipimo. Niba ari uko bimeze, uzasabwa kwiyiriza ubusa (utarya cyangwa ngo unywe) amasaha make mbere yo kwipimisha. Rero ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe amabwiriza nyayo.

Iki kizamini ugikora ute?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Umuganga cyangwa umuforomo azafata icyitegererezo gito cy'amaraso mu mutsi uri ku kuboko kwawe (hafi y'inkokora) cyangwa inyuma y'ukuboko kwawe. Ku mwana muto, igitonyanga cy'amaraso gishobora gufatwa mu gatsinsino cyangwa mu gatuza k'urutoki.

Ubwa mbere, aho hantu hasukurwa na alukolo, hanyuma hagashyirwa agapira ko hejuru ku kuboko kugira ngo umutsi ugaragare. Hanyuma, hagashyirwa urushinge ruto mu mutsi. Uzumva ubabara gato iyo urushinge rushyizwemo, ariko ruba rumara igihe gito. Hanyuma, amaraso akusanywa mu gacupa gato akoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo apimwe.

Raporo y'ibizamini ivuga iki?

Iki kizamini kizakwereka neza niba urugero rwa hemoglobine yawe ari rusanzwe, ruri hasi cyangwa ruri hejuru. Kishobora kandi kuguha ishusho y'uburemere bw'indwara.

Ibi ni nko kugenzura niba amazi ari mu kigega cy'amazi cyo mu nzu ari make cyangwa menshi. Niba amazi ari make, ugomba kureba ukwawe kugira ngo umenye niba impamvu ari umuyoboro ufunguye, umwobo uri mu kigega, cyangwa ikibazo kiri kuri moteri. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kugira ngo amenye impamvu ya hemoglobine nke/irenze urugero, muganga azareba ibimenyetso byawe n'izindi raporo zose z'ibizamini kugira ngo afate umwanzuro.

Ni ibihe bipimo bisanzwe bya hemoglobine?

Igipimo gisanzwe cya hemoglobine ku muntu mukuru kiri hagati ya garama 12 na 17.4 kuri desilita imwe y'amaraso (`12 g/dL - 17.4 g/dL`). Ariko, iki gipimo gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'imyaka yawe, igitsina, n'ubwoko bwawe. Nanone, ibintu bifitanye isano n'imibereho yawe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gipimo cya hemoglobine yawe, nka:

• Ubutumburuke bw'aho utuye
• Indyo yawe
• Ingano y'imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Imiti imwe ufata

Hemoglobine nkeya bivuze iki?

Anemia ni indwara aho urugero rwa hemoglobine ruri hasi ugereranije n’ibisanzwe. Ibi bishobora gusobanura ko umubiri wawe udakora uturemangingo dutukura duhagije, cyangwa ko uturemangingo dutukura dukora turimo kwangirika vuba cyane. Nanone, kuva amaraso igihe kirekire (urugero: imihango myinshi, ibisebe byo mu gifu) ni yo mpamvu ikomeye ituma hemoglobine iba nke.

Izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera hemoglobin nke:

• Kubura icyuma gikozwe mu bwoya
• Kubura intungamubiri, nka vitamine B12 cyangwa aside folike
• Kanseri zigira ingaruka ku maraso cyangwa ku musemburo w'amagufwa
• Thalassemia
• Indwara y'impyiko
• Indwara y'umwijima
• Indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umutsi
• Kuva amaraso bitewe no kubagwa, impanuka, cyangwa indi mpamvu

Kwiyongera kwa hemoglobine bivuze iki?

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma umubare w’uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso wiyongera, bigatuma urugero rwa hemoglobine yawe ruzamuka. Ibi bigabanya amaraso yawe kandi bigatinda gutembera kw’amaraso. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ingano ya ogisijeni mu ngingo zawe. Kubura amazi mu mubiri bishobora kandi kongera by’igihe gito urugero rwa hemoglobine yawe.

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutuma hemoglobine yiyongera:

• Indwara yitwa `Polycythemia vera`
• Indwara y'umutima yavukanye
• Zimwe mu ndwara z'impyiko, harimo na kanseri y'impyiko
• Indwara y'ibihaha idakira (COPD, fibrosis y'ibihaha)

Ese ibi ni kimwe n'ikizamini cya hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)?

Aha niho abantu benshi bahurira n'urujijo. Ikizamini gisanzwe cya hemoglobine na hemoglobine A1c (`HbA1c`) ni ibizamini bibiri bitandukanye rwose.

• Ikizamini gisanzwe cya hemoglobin: Iki gipimo cy'ingano ya hemoglobin mu maraso yawe. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusuzuma indwara nka anemia.
• Ikizamini cya Hemoglobin A1c (`HbA1c`): Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane diyabete (`Diabetes Mellitus`) cyangwa kugira ngo harebwe niba diyabete yaragenzuwe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso mu mezi 2-3 ashize. Isukari (glucose) mu maraso yawe ifata hemoglobine. `HbA1c` ipima ijanisha rya hemoglobine ifite iyi sukari.

Niba raporo yawe igaragaza agaciro kadasanzwe, muganga wawe azagusobanurira. Ashobora kandi gutumiza ibindi bipimo kugira ngo amenye impamvu. Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'impamvu nyamukuru itera ihinduka ry'urugero rwa hemoglobine yawe. Bityo rero buri gihe ganira na muganga wawe kandi ukurikize inama ze.