Ese wigeze ubona mama wawe, papa wawe, cyangwa nyogokuru wawe ukunda bafata umwanya wo kwishyira ku kabuto? Cyangwa usa n'aho wibagirwa gato mu gihe uteka icyayi? Tubona utwo tuntu duto buri munsi. Hari igihe tutwibagirwa, tukibwira tuti: "Uko ni ko bigenda iyo tugeze mu zabukuru." Ariko ibi bintu byoroshye mu by'ukuri bivuga byinshi ku buzima bwacu, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwacu bwo kubaho twigenga. Ibyo ni byo twita "Activities of Daily Life (ADLs)" mu buvuzi.
Mu magambo make, ibi bikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi (ADLs) ni ibihe?
Ibi biroroshye cyane. ADL ni imirimo y'ingenzi dukora buri munsi kugira ngo twite ku mibiri yacu kandi tugire ubuzima bwiza. Tekereza kuri ibyo, ibintu dukora kuva tubyutse mu gitondo kugeza tugiye kuryama nijoro. Ntidushobora kubaho tudafite ibintu nko kurya, kwiyuhagira no kujya mu bwiherero. Ibyo ni byo bintu by'ibanze bidufasha.
Nanone, ibi byongera ingorane. Urugero, ibintu nko gucunga amafaranga, kuzana ibiribwa mu rugo, guteka no kumesa imyenda. Tudafite ibi, biratugora kubaho twenyine kandi twigenga, sibyo?
Hari igihe umuntu aba akeneye ubufasha muri iyi mirimo igihe gito gusa. Tekereza ko wavunitse ukuguru kandi ukaba warabazwe. Mu gihe runaka, uzagorwa no koga cyangwa kugenda wenyine. Muri icyo gihe, hari umuntu uzakenera ubufasha. Ariko igikomere nikira, uzabasha kongera gukora ibi bintu wenyine.
Ariko hari abantu bakeneye ubufasha muri iyi mirimo igihe kirekire, wenda ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ibi biterwa nuko bafite indwara idakira. Urugero, umuntu urwaye rubagimpande ikomeye ashobora kugorwa no gupfunyika imyenda cyangwa kurya kuko adashobora kunama cyangwa kugorora amaguru ye neza. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kubura kwibuka (nk'indwara ya Alzheimer) ashobora gutangira kwibagirwa ibintu nko guteka no gukoresha amafaranga.
Ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi. Ntugatekereze uti "Oh, mfite isoni zo kuvuga ko ntashobora kubikora njyenyine ubu." Ibi bintu bibaho ku bantu benshi. Mu by'ukuri, uko ubivuga vuba, niko bitworohera kugufasha.
Abaganga bagabanya izi ADL mo ibice bibiri. Reka tubirebe ukwabyo.
1. Ibikorwa by'ibanze bya buri munsi (ADL z'ibanze)
2. Ibikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bikubiyemo ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (ADLs cyangwa IADLs)
Ibikorwa by'ibanze bya buri munsi (ADLs) - Ibintu by'ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kubaho
Ibi birimo ibintu tugomba gukora kugira ngo tubeho, ibintu bifitanye isano itaziguye n'imibiri yacu. Ibi ni nk'ibyo umubiri wacu ukeneye by'ibanze. Niba tudashobora gukora kimwe muri ibi, bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buzima bwacu.
Tekereza kuri ubu buryo. Niba ushobora kugenda, ariko ukabura uburinganire bwawe ukagwa mu gihe ugenda, icyo ni ikibazo. Bivuze ko ushobora kubikora, ariko ntushobora kubikora mu mutekano . Niba uguye ku gatambaro gato mu rugo ukagwa, cyangwa niba unyerera ukagwa mu bwiherero, ugomba kubibwira muganga wawe ibyo bintu.
Ntugasubike ibyo bintu utekereza uti “Uku ni ko bigenda iyo ugeze mu za bukuru.” Ndetse n’impinduka ntoya zishobora kuba intangiriro y’ikibazo gikomeye.
| ADL y'ibanze | Mu magambo make ... |
|---|---|
| Kugaburira | Ubushobozi bwo gufata ibiryo mu isahani ukabishyira mu kanwa. Ibi ntibikubiyemo guteka. |
| Kwambara imyenda | Ubushobozi bwo guhitamo imyenda wenyine, kuyambara no gufata amabuto n'amazipu. |
| Kwiyuhagira/Isuku ku giti cyawe | Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu nko kwiyuhagira, gukaraba umubiri wawe, koza amenyo yawe, no gukaraba umusatsi wawe wenyine. |
| Gusukura ubwiherero | Ubushobozi bwo kujya mu bwiherero wenyine, gukora igikorwa, no kugaruka ari intungane. |
| Imigabane | Kugenzura kwiyuhagira no kunyara gusa igihe n'aho bashaka. |
| Kohereza/Gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenda | Ubushobozi bwo kugendagenda, nko kuva mu buriri ukicara mu ntebe, cyangwa kuva mu ntebe ukagenda. |
Ibikorwa byo Gufasha mu Kubaho mu Buryo bw'Ubufasha (IADLs) - Ibintu bigufasha kubaho wigenga
Noneho reka turebe igice cya kabiri. Ibi tubyita `Ibikorwa by'Instrumental by'Ubuzima bwa Buri Munsi (IADLs).` Ibi bishobora kuba atari ingenzi mu mibereho nk'iyo mirimo y'ibanze. Ariko, niba umuntu ashaka kubaho wenyine, mu mutekano, kandi yigenga muri sosiyete, agomba kuba ashoboye gukora iyo mirimo. Ibi bisaba ibintu bigoye, igenamigambi, no gushyira ibintu mu buryo.
Akenshi, ikintu cya mbere umuntu amenya ni uko akeneye ubufasha ni igihe atashoboye gukora izi IADL. Hari igihe yumva ati: "Oh, sinshobora gufata bisi jyenyine," cyangwa "hari igihe nibagirwa gufata imiti yanjye." Hari igihe umuntu atabimenya, ariko umuryango we n'abaganga barashobora kubona itandukaniro.
Akenshi, ndetse n'umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo gukora IADL ashobora gukora ADL z'ibanze twavuze mbere (nk'ukoga no kurya) nta kibazo. Ariko, iyo hari ibintu nk'indwara ziterwa no kwibuka, uko igihe kigenda gihita, ndetse na ADL z'ibanze zitangira kugorana gukora.
| Ibikorwa bifitanye isano n'ibikoresho (IADL) | Mu magambo make ... |
|---|---|
| Ubwikorezi | Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ikinyabiziga wenyine, cyangwa kugenda wenyine mu modoka rusange nka bisi cyangwa gari ya moshi. |
| Gucunga Imiti | Kuba ushobora kwibuka gufata umuti ukwiye, mu rugero rukwiye, mu gihe gikwiye. |
| Gucunga Imari | Ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa no gukora ibintu nko kwishyura fagitire, kubara amafaranga no kugura ibintu, no gukora banki. |
| Itumanaho | Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha terefone mu guhamagara, kwandika ibaruwa, cyangwa kureba ubutumwa bwa elegitoroniki. |
| Guhaha | Kuba ushobora gukora urutonde rw'ibintu ukeneye mu rugo rwawe, kujya mu iduka, guhitamo ibyo bintu, kubishyura, no kubizana mu rugo. |
| Guteka/Gutegura amafunguro | Ubushobozi bwo gutegura ibikoresho bikenewe mu guteka no guteka ifunguro mu mutekano hakurikijwe gahunda. |
| Isuku yo mu rugo no kumesa imyenda | Kuba ushobora gukora ibintu nko gusukura inzu, kuyisukura, no kumesa no kuyumutsa imyenda yawe bwite. |
Ni ryari abaganga bashaka izi ndwara zo mu mutwe (ADLs)?
Iki si ikizamini gikorerwa buri wese igihe cyose, ariko cyitabwaho by'umwihariko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Muri ibyo bihe harimo:
- Mu gihe uri mu bitaro: Niba uri kuvurwa indwara mu bitaro, abaforomo n'abaganga bazasuzuma niba ushobora gukora ku giti cyawe mbere yo kohereza mu rugo.
- Nyuma yo kubagwa, impanuka, cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi: Kubera ko imikorere y'umubiri igabanuka nyuma y'ikintu nk'iki, ubwo bushobozi bukunze gusuzumwa mu gihe cyo gukira.
- Iyo hari indwara zigabanya kwibuka no gukora neza k'ubwonko: Kubera ko imiterere y'abantu barwaye indwara nka `Alzheimer's disease` na `Parkinson's disease` ihinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita, bagenzurwa buri gihe kugira ngo barebe niba bashobora gukora ku giti cyabo.
- Iyo hari ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugabanya ubushake bw'umuntu n'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora akazi ke. Iki kandi ni igihe cyo kwitondera.
Ubwo bushobozi bupimwa bute?
Abaganga bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kuri ibi.
- Kwitegereza: Ureba umuntu ukora akazi neza hanyuma ugasuzuma uburyo wabikora neza.
- Kubaza Umurwayi: Niba ufite umurwayi, mubaze ubushobozi bwawe kandi ubone amakuru.
- Kwivuga: Hari igihe wibaza uti "Ese ushobora kubikora wenyine? Ni izihe ngorane?"
Ukoresheje bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muri ubu buryo, uzagena urwego rw'ubufasha ukeneye. Ukurikije ibi, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama:
- Gukoresha ibikoresho by'ubufasha: Ibintu nk'icyuma cyo kugenda n'amaguru, ibikoresho byihariye byo kuriramo, n'ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero.
- Guhindura imiterere y'urugo: Ibintu nko gukoresha intebe zifite aho zihagarara, gukuraho tapi zinyerera, nibindi.
- Guha akazi umuntu wo gufasha: Guha akazi umuntu wo gufasha mu mirimo yo mu rugo cyangwa serivisi z'umufasha w'ubuzima bwo mu rugo.
- Andi mahitamo yo gucumbika: Bitewe n'uko ibintu bimeze, koherezwa ahantu nk'aho umuntu aba cyangwa ikigo cyita ku bageze mu za bukuru.
Reka kandi twige ku kibazo cya Katz ADL Scale.
Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane n'abaganga hirya no hino ku isi. Bwitwa `Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living` cyangwa `Katz ADL scale`. Bupima uburyo ushobora gukora neza ADL 6 z'ibanze twaganiriyeho mbere wowe ubwawe.
Ibi biroroshye cyane. Utanga inota 1 kuri buri gikorwa ushobora gukora wenyine, nta bufasha. Utanga amanota 0 kuri buri gikorwa gisaba ubufasha. Amanota ntarengwa ni 6.
Amanota 6 bivuze ko ushobora gukora cyane cyane wigenga. Amanota 2 cyangwa munsi yayo bivuze ko ukeneye ubufasha bwinshi mu mirimo ya buri munsi.
Reka turebe ibyo bintu 6 by'ibanze bya ADL n'icyo ugomba gukora kugira ngo ubone amanota.
| Igikorwa cyasuzumwe ku gipimo cya Katz | Niba ushaka kubona inota rimwe... |
|---|---|
| 1. Kwiyuhagira | Ugomba koga umubiri wawe wose nta bufasha (nta kibazo cyo kubona ubufasha buto bwo koga ahantu hamwe, nko mu maso hawe). |
| 2. Kwambara imyenda | Bagomba kuba bashobora kwambara imyenda yabo, no gukora ibintu nk'amabuto n'amazipu (nta kibazo gusaba ubufasha bwo gupfunyika imishumi y'inkweto). |
| 3. Gusukura ubwiherero | Ugomba kuba ushobora kujya mu bwiherero, kwicara, guhaguruka, no kugaruka umeze neza nta bufasha. |
| 4. Kwimura | Ugomba kuba ushobora guhaguruka ukicara ku buriri cyangwa ku ntebe nta wugufasha. |
| 5. Imigabane | Ugomba kuba ushobora kugenzura neza imyakura yawe n'inkari zawe. |
| 6. Kugaburira | Ugomba kuba ushobora gutwara ibiryo bivuye ku isahani yawe ukabishyira mu kanwa ubwawe. |
Umuganga azakoresha igipimo cya Katz ADL, hamwe n'ibindi bibazo nka Lawton Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale, gipima IADL, kugira ngo amenye neza uko umerewe. Niba ubonye ibibazo nk'ibyo kuri interineti, ntubyuzuze ngo ufate umwanzuro ubwawe. Ushobora gusobanura nabi amakuru. Ikintu cyiza kandi cyizewe ni ukuganira na muganga no gukora ibi bintu uyobowe na we niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda mufite ubu burwayi nk'ubwo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ibikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi (ADLs) ni ibintu bisanzwe twese dukora. Ni ibisanzwe ko ibi birushaho kugorana uko tugenda dusaza cyangwa bitewe n'uburwayi.
- Igikuru ni ukumenya niba igikorwa runaka gishobora gukorwa mu mutekano . Niba ugiye kugwa cyangwa kunyerera, icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe abonye ububabare buto nk'ubu, ntukabihishe kandi uvugishe muganga wawe ako kanya.
- Uko ubivuga vuba, ni ko bizoroha kubona ibisubizo bishobora kugufasha cyangwa kugufasha, kumurinda no koroshya ubuzima.
- Niba wumva ubabaye, uhangayitse, cyangwa uri wenyine bitewe n'izi mpinduka, kuganira n'umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe kuri byo bishobora kugufasha cyane.
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