Ese wigeze ukubita umutwe wawe uri gukina, wiruka, usimbuka, cyangwa wicaye gusa? Ni ibisanzwe cyane, cyane cyane mu bana bato n'abakina siporo. Hari igihe gukomereka gato bishobora kugaragara nk'aho nta kibazo gikomeye. Ariko, tugomba kwitondera cyane imvune zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe, nko kubabara umutwe . None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku cyo kubabara umutwe ari cyo, ibizamini bikorerwa kuri yo, n'icyo tugomba kumenya.

Kubabara mu mutwe ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza umutwe wawe nk'ikinyobwa cy'inkoko, ubwonko bwawe buri imbere mu mutekano. Ariko niba ugonze umutwe wawe ahantu runaka, cyangwa umutwe wawe ugahita uhubuka imbere, inyuma, cyangwa ujya ku ruhande bitewe n'igikomere gikomeye ku mubiri, ubwonko buri imbere mu mutwe wawe bushobora kunyeganyega gato. Ibyo ni byo twita gukomereka mu bwonko, imvune y'igihe gito kandi yoroheje. Mu by'ukuri, abaganga babyita imvune yoroheje yo mu bwonko (TBI). Ibi bishobora guhungabanya by'agateganyo imikorere isanzwe y'ubwonko.

Namenya nte ko mfite ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe?

Dore igitekerezo gisanzwe kitari cyo. Ni ukuvuga ko guhungabana bibaho gusa iyo utakaje ubwenge. Mu by'ukuri, abantu benshi bafite guhungabana ntibigera batakaza ubwenge. Wowe, umwana wawe, cyangwa undi muntu wa hafi ushobora kugira guhungabana kandi utabizi. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo agusuzumwe, nubwo waba ubona ko ari "imvune ntoya."

Tekereza umwana wawe aguye ku ntebe agakubita umutwe mu gihe akina. Ararira akanya gato hanyuma akongera gukina. Ushobora gutekereza uti "Oh, nta kibazo." Ariko ni byiza gukomeza kubikurikirana, kuko bimwe mu bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nyuma.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko? Itondere ibi!

Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Bimwe bigaragara ako kanya nyuma y'imvune, ibindi bishobora kugaragara nyuma y'amasaha cyangwa iminsi. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kubona:

• Kuribwa umutwe: Iki ni cyo kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara cyane.
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka: Ushobora kumva igifu cyawe kimeze nk'aho kirimo kurira kandi ushobora kumva ugiye kuruka.
• Urujijo: Kumva udafite aho uhagaze, nko kumva uti "Ni iki cyabaye? Ndi he?"
• Gutakaza ubwenge by'igihe gito: Ntabwo bibaho kuri buri wese, ariko bishobora no kuba kuri bamwe.
• Kubura uburinganire/kuzungera/kunanirwa: Ushobora kumva "uzunguruka kandi uzunguruka", "unyeganyega ndetse n'aho wicaye".
• Ibibazo byo kureba: Ushobora kubona ibintu mu bice bibiri (kubona ibintu bibiri) cyangwa ukabona ibintu mu buryo budasobanutse neza (kubona ibintu mu buryo budasobanutse neza).
• Gucuranga mu matwi: Bisa n'ijwi ry' "gucuranga...".
• Uburyo bwo kumva urumuri n'amajwi:Amatara arazimye, kandi ijwi rirakomeye cyane.
• Umunaniro cyangwa gusinzira: Kumva unaniwe gusa, ufite ibitotsi.
• Impinduka mu mikorere y'ibitotsi: Ushobora gusinzira igihe kirekire cyangwa gito kurusha uko bisanzwe, cyangwa ntushobora gusinzira na gato.
• Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa no/cyangwa kwibanda ku kintu: Bisa nkaho hari ikintu kitakunyura mu mutwe, kandi biragoye gukomeza gutekereza ku kintu kimwe.
• Kwiheba cyangwa agahinda: Kumva ubabaye gusa, kumva ubabaye.
• Kurakara, kubura amahoro no guhangayika: Kurakara kubera utuntu duto, kumva ko utari muzima.
• Kumva "atari mu buryo bukwiye" cyangwa "ari mu "gihu": Nk'aho ubwonko budatekereza, byose ntibisobanutse neza.
• Kugorwa no gutekereza cyane, kwibagirwa cyangwa kwibagirwa.

Niba ubonye kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso nyuma yo gukomereka mu mutwe, nta gushidikanya ko ugomba gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni ryari ugomba kwipimisha ko ufite ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe?

Mu magambo make, niba ugonze umutwe ahantu runaka, cyangwa ijosi ryawe rigaturika rigatera ingaruka ku mutwe wawe (nk'"Whiplash"), ni byiza kwipimisha kugira ngo urebe niba ufite ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe. Ibi bizamini bigenzura "Ubwenge" bwawe, ari bwo ubwonko bwawe butekereza, uko wumva amakuru, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwibuka ibintu nk'ibyo.

Gupima indwara yo mu bwonko ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi gifasha abaganga kumenya niba hari indwara yo mu bwonko. Gusuzuma vuba bishobora gufasha gutegura uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura no gukira vuba. Iki kizamini kandi gisubirwamo mu gihe cyo gukira kugira ngo barebe uko ubwonko bugenda bukira.

Ikizamini cyo gukubita umutwe (concussion test) kireba iki mu bwonko?

Ikizamini cyo gucika intege gisuzuma imikorere itandukanye y'ubwonko. Iy'ingenzi ni iyi:

• Kuba maso: Mbega ukuntu uri maso.
• Kwibuka: Kwibuka kw'igihe gito n'igihe kirekire bimeze bite?
• Kwita ku kintu kimwe no kukizirikana: Igihe ushobora kumara wibanda ku kintu kimwe kandi ukagitekerezaho buri gihe.
• Umuvuduko wo gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo: Ese ushobora gusubiza ibibazo vuba no gutekereza neza?
• Ubushobozi bwo kwibuka amakuru.
• Iyerekwa.
• Kuringaniza no guhuza ibikorwa.
• Imitekerereze yo kwisubiraho.
• Kumva.

Ibizamini byo gukomeretsa umutwe ni iki? Bikorwa bite?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibizamini byo gucika intege. Ibi bishobora kuba ibibazo byoroshye cyane, urutonde rw'ibimenyetso, nibindi. Bimwe bikorwa n'abatoza ba siporo n'abaganga, mu gihe ibindi byitabwaho n'abashinzwe kubyikorera.

Igikuru: Ibi bikoresho byo gusuzuma indwara yo kubabara mu mutwe ntabwo bisimbura isuzuma rya muganga. Iyo umukinnyi, cyane cyane umukinnyi ukiri muto uri munsi y'imyaka 18, agize ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe, ntabwo ari byiza ko asubizwa mu kibuga uwo munsi. Agomba gukurwa mu mukino kugeza igihe muganga azabasuzuma akavuga ko nta kibazo ashobora gukina.

Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

Ibikoresho bizwi cyane byo gusuzuma indwara yo kubabara mu mutwe

• Ikizamini cya SAC (Standardized Assessment of Concussion): Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma uko abakinnyi bameze mu mutwe, haba mu kibuga cyangwa mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze. Kirimo kubabaza umunsi n’isaha, kubasaba kwibuka amagambo amwe no kuyasubiramo, no kubasaba kuvuga imibare imwe n’imwe ku rundi ruhande. Bifata iminota 5.
• SCAT 5 (Igikoresho cyo Gusuzuma Ihungabana rya Siporo 5): Iki ni ikizamini kirambuye ku bantu barengeje imyaka 13. Uretse ibikubiye mu kizamini cya SAC, kinakubiyemo ibintu nko gusuzuma ijosi, gusuzuma imiterere y'umubiri, n'urutonde rw'ibimenyetso. Hariho kandi verisiyo itandukanye ku bana bato (imyaka 6-12).
• Ikizamini cya King-Devick: Ibi bikubiyemo gusoma urukurikirane rw'imibare yakozwe mu buryo butunguranye ivuye ku makarita. Ibi bikorwa mbere yuko umukino utangira kandi igihe kikagaragara. Ibi bikongera gukorwa nyuma y'imvune yo mu mutwe. Iyo birenze amasegonda 5 ugereranije n'igihe cyabanje, bikekwa ko umuntu yarwaye indwara yo mu mutwe.
• BESS (Sisitemu yo Gupima Amakosa yo Kunganya): Iyi niyo ipima kuringaniza. Ugomba guhagarara ufunze amaso yawe, amaboko yawe ahagaze ku kibuno mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20 mu myanya itandukanye ku buso buhamye n'ubuso budatekanye (urugero: ku ifuro).
• ACE (Isuzuma ry’indwara yo mu mutwe ikaze): Iki ni igikoresho gikoreshwa n'abaganga. Gikusanya amakuru menshi, nk'icyateye indwara yo mu mutwe, ibimenyetso (hari urutonde rw'ingingo 22), ibibazo byo kwibuka, indwara yo mu mutwe yabanje, n'izindi ndwara.
• ImpACT (Isuzuma ry’ihungabana ryihuse nyuma yo guhungabana no gusuzuma ubwenge): Iki ni ikizamini gikoreshwa kuri mudasobwa, cyane cyane ku bakinnyi barengeje imyaka 12. Gipima imikorere itandukanye y’ubwonko, nko kwibuka, igihe cyo gusubiza, no kumenya imibare.

Nubwo ibi bizamini byaba bigaragaza ko wagize ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe, ugomba kujya kwa muganga. Muganga azagukorera isuzuma ryuzuye ry’umubiri, arebe neza uko ureba n’uko uringaniye, kandi nibiba ngombwa, MRI cyangwa CT scan ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari amaraso cyangwa ibisebe byo mu mutima.Nanone, hari ikizamini cy'amaraso cyitwa "Brain Trauma Indicator". Iki gipimo ni poroteyine ebyiri zihariye zirundanya mu maraso iyo habayeho igikomere gito ku bwonko. Iyo izi poroteyine zihari, bishobora gufatwa ko hashobora kuba hari amaraso mu bwonko.

Ni ibihe bizamini by'ibanze n'iby'abakina ku ruhande rw'abakinnyi?

Ibi bikunze gukorwa ku bakinnyi bo ku rwego rw'ishuri. Abakina imikino ikomeye bakora ikizamini cy'ibanze cyo gucika intege mbere y'uko shampiyona itangira. Ibi bipima imikorere y'ubwonko bwabo muri rusange - ibintu nko kwibuka, umuvuduko wo gutekereza, no kwita ku bintu. Iki kizamini cya mudasobwa kimeze nk'umukino wa videwo.

Iyo umukinnyi agize ikibazo cyo mu mutwe mu mukino, akurwa mu mukino kandi iki kizamini gikongera gukorwa. Hanyuma dushobora kugereranya ibyavuye mu mukino n'ibyabanje kugira ngo turebe niba hari itandukaniro.

Gusuzuma indwara yo mu mutwe ni ubundi buryo bworoshye. Umukinnyi ukekwaho kugira ikibazo cyo mu mutwe ajyanwa ku ruhande hanyuma imikorere y'ubwonko igakurikiranwa. Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa birimo:

• "Ikipe muhanganye yitwa nde? Amanota ni angahe?" (Reba kwibuka by'igihe gito)
• "Mbwira izina ryawe n'itariki y'amavuko." (Reba kwibuka igihe kirekire)
• "Gerageza kumenya amezi y'umwaka ku rundi ruhande." (Umurimo ugoye)

Na none, nta mukinnyi ukekwaho kugira ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe ugomba kwemererwa kugaruka gukina nta burenganzira bwa muganga! Nubwo ibi bizamini bishobora gutanga amakuru amwe, umwanzuro wa muganga ni wo w'ingenzi cyane.

Ese ushobora gukora ikizamini gito mu rugo?

Ubwa mbere, ibuka ibi: Umuganga ni we wenyine ushobora gusuzuma neza indwara yo mu mutwe. Ariko, niba umuntu uzi yakubise umutwe (urugero, niba umwana wawe aguye arimo gukina, cyangwa niba umuntu ugeze mu za bukuru aguye), hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ushobora gukora kugira ngo ukusanye amakuru mbere yo kujya kwa muganga. Aya makuru azafasha cyane muganga.

Dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza n'ibintu ushobora kubona muri icyo gihe:

• Baza umuntu wakubise umutwe izina rye, aho aherereye, isaha, umunsi, n'ibyabaye.
• Babwire ijambo "isi" inyuguti ku nyuguti. (Urugero: ಯ-ಕ-ಓ-ಲ)
• Mubaze niba afite umutwe, isereri, cyangwa isesemi .
• Saba kureba urutoki rwawe arebe niba arukurikira n'amaso yombi. (Kora akamenyetso kanini "X" imbere ye n'urutoki rwawe.)
• Baza niba hari aho umubiri wawe ufite ibinya cyangwa intege nke .
• Reba niba avuga nabi cyangwa niba amagambo ye adasobanutse neza .
• Reba niba amaso ye angana, kandi niba rimwe ari rinini/rito .
• Sohoka urebe niba afite ikibazo cy'urusaku .
• Ese hari impinduka mu myitwarire ye?Reba niba uhangayitse cyane, urakaye cyane, utazi icyo ukora, cyangwa usinziriye kurusha uko bisanzwe.

Ariko ibuka ko utagomba kwisuzuma ubwawe. Niba wakubise umutwe ahantu hose, kabone n'iyo byaba ari imvune nto, ugomba kujya kwa muganga. Umuganga azasuzuma yikorera ibizamini bye, nibiba ngombwa, akore scanning.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bivuga iki? Ukora iki nyuma yaho?

Buri kizamini cyo gukubita umutwe gifite uburyo bwo gutanga amanota. Muganga azahuza ibi bisubizo by'ibizamini, ibimenyetso byawe, n'ibisubizo by'ibindi bizamini kugira ngo amenye niba ufite ikibazo cyo gukubita umutwe.

Iyo ufite ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe (concussion), muganga wawe azakubwira "gahunda yo gukira." Akenshi ikubiyemo ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kuryama no kuruhuka neza kurusha uko bisanzwe. Ariko si byiza kwicara gusa ntugire icyo ukora, kuko ibyo bishobora gutinza gukira.
• Menya ibintu byongera ibimenyetso byo kubabara mu bwonko. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hagarika ibyo ukora maze uruhuke.
• Uko ibimenyetso byawe bigabanuka, genda usubira mu mirimo ya buri munsi.
• Niba umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe ari umunyeshuri, tegura igihe azatangirira gusubira ku ishuri (uvugana n'abarimu, abaforomo bo ku ishuri, n'abajyanama).
• Abatoza ba siporo n'amabwiriza agenga indwara yo gukomereka kw'umutima ku ishuri cyangwa ikigo ni amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga kwita ku muntu (akenshi umunyeshuri akaba n'umukinnyi) wakomeretse mu mutwe.

Ese tujye kureba amaso? - Isuzuma ry'amaso rijyanye n'indwara yo mu bwonko

Igice cy'umukara kiri hagati mu maso yawe (tucyita imboni) muri rusange kigomba kuba kingana mu maso yombi. Nanone, kigomba kwihuta cyane iyo urumuri ruyagezemo.

Ikizamini cyoroshye cyo gusuzuma ko hari ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe ni ugushyira itara ryoroheje mu jisho ukaryitegereza. Iyo iris idakuze vuba bitewe n'urumuri, cyangwa niba ibaye, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'igikomere cy'ubwonko (urugero: kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo mu bwonko - ICP). Iyo iris idakira urumuri na gato, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu bukomeye bw'ubwonko.

Nanone, imiterere y'urutoki rw'umukara rw'impeta ni ingenzi. Ubusanzwe, zigomba kuba zizengurutse. Niba zifite imiterere y'urudodo, ibyo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yo mu bwonko.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Nubwo gukomereka mu bwonko ari imvune yoroheje, si ikintu cyoroshye gufata. Ibipimo byo gukomereka mu bwonko ni ibikoresho byoroshye kandi byihuse bifasha abaganga gusuzuma. Ariko, abaganga ntibakoresha ibi bizamini gusa kugira ngo bamenye niba gukomereka mu bwonko kwabayeho. Banakora isuzuma ryuzuye, harimo no gupima mu gihe bibaye ngombwa.

Iyo upimwe hakiri kare kandi ukabyifatamo neza, ushobora gukira vuba kandi ukirinda ko byangirika.

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Rero, niba ukubita umutwe ahantu hose, uko waba munini cyangwa muto, ugomba kujya kwa muganga akakugira inama. Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane kugira ngo ugire umutekano kandi ukire vuba. Urabyumva?

` Kubabara mu bwonko, imvune mu mutwe, ikizamini cyo kubabara mu bwonko, ibimenyetso, ibizamini by'ubuvuzi, gukira