Ese nawe urashaka kumenya ibyerekeye ikizamini cya ANCA? Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ese wigeze wumva `(ikizamini cya ANCA)`? Ahari muganga wawe yakubwiye gukora iki kizamini, cyangwa wenda wabonye izina ahantu runaka maze ukagira amatsiko. None se, iki kizamini cya `(ikizamini cya ANCA)` ni iki? Ni iki mu by'ukuri gishaka? Muri iyi nkuru, turashaka ibisubizo by'ibibazo nk'ibyo ushobora kuba ufite mu mutwe.

Ikizamini cya ANCA ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

Mu magambo make, ikizamini cya ANCA ni ikizamini cy'amaraso gifata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe kigashaka ibintu byihariye byitwa Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies, cyangwa ANCA mu magambo ahinnye.

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti, '(ANCA)' ni iki? '(ANCA)' ni ubwoko bwa '(autoantibodies)' . '(Autoantibodies)' ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine ikorwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu (ni ukuvuga sisitemu iturinda indwara). Ariko, ikibazo kiri muri izi '(autoantibodies)' ni uko zitera mu buryo butari bwo uturemangingo n'ingingo nzima mu mubiri wacu. Ni nk'ingabo zacu zitera igihugu cyacu.

Izi `(ANCA)` zibanda cyane cyane kuri poroteyine ziboneka mu turemangingo tw’amaraso twera zitwa `(neutrophils) . `(Neutrophils)` ni nk'abasirikare bato mu mibiri yacu. Ni zo zirwanya mikorobe zikadufasha kwirinda indwara. Rero, iki kizamini cya `(ANCA)` gishobora kumenya niba ufite izi `(autoantibodies)` mu maraso yawe, kandi niba ari byo, ni zingahe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara ikoreshwa mu gupima indwara ya ANCA?

Abaganga bakoresha ikizamini cya ANCA ahanini kugira ngo bafashe mu gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, ziri mu itsinda ry’indwara zitwa vasculitis .

Iyi '(vasculitis)' ni iki?

Tekereza, mu mibiri yacu yose, hari utuntu duto tumeze nk'imiyoboro y'amaraso? Ni cyo twita imiyoboro y'amaraso. Muri iki kibazo cyitwa "vasculitis," ikintu kibaho ni uko ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bwibasira iyi miyoboro y'amaraso bukayitera kubyimba, ni ukuvuga kubyimba . Ni nk'igikomere cy'imbere mu mubiri.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa vasculitis bufitanye isano na ANCA:

• `(Granulomatosis hamwe na polyangiitis)` (yahoze yitwa `(Wegener granulomatosis)`).
• `(Microscopic polyangiitis)` .
• Indwara ya Eosinophilic granulomatosis hamwe na polyangiitis (yahoze yitwa indwara ya Churg-Strauss).

Imitsi y'amaraso ni yo itwara amaraso mu mutima wacu ikayajyana mu zindi ngingo n'imitsi yose. Rero, iyo iyi mitsi y'amaraso ibyimbye, amaraso ntatembera neza. Ibi bishobora kwangiza ingingo zacu z'ingenzi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bigatera indwara zikomeye nko guturika kw'imitsi y'amaraso (aneurysm) . Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kumenya bene ibyo bibazo vuba.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa (ANCA)?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa ANCA. Iki kizamini cya ANCA gishobora kugaragaza niba ufite bumwe cyangwa byombi.

• `cANCA` : Ibi bibanda kuri poroteyine yitwa `(proteinase 3)` cyangwa `(PR3)` .
• `pANCA` : Ibi byibasira poroteyine yitwa `(myeloperoxidase)` cyangwa `(MPO)` .

Ubwo bwoko bwombi bwa `(poroteyine)` buboneka mu turemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru twitwa `(neutrophils)` twavuzwe haruguru. Kumenya ubwoko bwa `(ANCA)` buhari bifasha umuganga gusuzuma indwara no gutegura uburyo bwo kuyivura.

Ni nde ukora ikizamini cya ANCA? Ni gute gipimwa muri laboratwari?

Ubusanzwe, umuforomo, umuganga, cyangwa umutekinisiye wo muri laboratwari agufata amaraso yawe, hanyuma ayo maraso akoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo apimwe.

Ni iki kiba muri laboratwari (`laboratwari`)?

Bafata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe bakayavanga n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso kuri slide. Noneho, niba hari uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu maraso yawe, tuzafata kuri uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Hanyuma hongerwaho irangi ryihariye (ikizinga) kuri slide. Hanyuma, iyo urebye kuri mikorosikopi, ubona neza imiterere ya uturemangingo tw'amaraso ...

Laboratwari igaragaza ko izi selile ari cANCA (icyitegererezo cya cytoplasmic) cyangwa pANCA (icyitegererezo cya perinuclear) hashingiwe ku ishusho yihariye y'urumuri igaragara muri izi selile.

Laboratwari ishobora gukoresha ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bubiri bw'ikizamini cya ANCA:

• `(Indirect immunofluorescence) (IIF)` : Iki kizamini kikubwira gusa niba ufite izo `(autoantibodies)` cyangwa udafite. Ni ukuvuga ko ibisubizo ari `(positive)` cyangwa `(negative)`.
• Ikizamini cya immunosorbent gishingiye kuri enzyme (ELISA) : Ubu buryo bwo gupima bukoreshwa mu kumenya neza poroteyine (ni ukuvuga PR3 cyangwa MPO) iri mu tunyangingo tw’amaraso.

Ese hari imyiteguro yihariye ikenewe mbere yo gupimwa ANCA?

Akenshi , nta myiteguro yihariye isabwa kugira ngo umuntu apimwe na ANCA. Ariko, hari igihe ibintu byinshi bishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe amaraso amwe. Muri ibyo bihe, bimwe mu bizamini bishobora kugusaba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha 8 kugeza kuri 12, bivuze ko utagomba kurya cyangwa kunywa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose uretse amazi. Ariko, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye kuri ibi. Ntugahangayike rero.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ukora ikizamini cya ANCA?

Bifata iminota mike gusa kugira ngo ufate amaraso yawe. Akenshi bikorerwa mu biro, ivuriro, cyangwa muri laboratwari. Dore uko amaraso afatwa:

• Ubwa mbere, tourniquet cyangwa umukandara bizingiye neza ku kuboko kwawe ko hejuru (hejuru y'igifu cyawe).
• Hanyuma, uruhu aho amaraso azakurwa rusukurwa n'umuti wica udukoko.
• Hanyuma, urushinge rushyirwa mu mutsi hafi y'inkokora. Kuri iyi ngingo , ushobora kumva urimo kuruma cyangwa ukumva urimo gukurura gato . Ibi ni ibisanzwe.
• Umuyoboro muto uhambirwa ku rushinge hanyuma amaraso akenewe agakusanywa.
• Hanyuma, bakuraho kaseti n'urushinge, bagafata aho urushinge rwashyizwe n'agace k'ipamba kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike.
• Amaherezo, agatambaro gato (plaster) gashyirwa kuri ako gace.

Ni iki kigenda nyuma y'ikizamini cya ANCA?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira kugumana igitambaro mu masaha make. Ashobora kandi kukubwira kwirinda gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri iremereye mu masaha make nyuma yo gutanga amaraso. Uretse ibyo, nta kintu kidasanzwe kirimo.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iki (ikizamini cya ANCA)?

Gupima amaraso ni byiza cyane kandi ingaruka ni nke cyane .

Ushobora kugira agasebe gato aho urushinge rwashyizwe. Ibi akenshi bishira ubwabyo mu minsi mike. Ni gake cyane, imitsi ishobora kubyimba gato. Ibi bibaye, gukanda gushyushye bishobora gufasha. Ibi nta mpungenge bifite.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya ANCA?

Ikizamini cya ANCA ni ikizamini cyihariye, bityo gikorerwa muri laboratwari yihariye. Kubwibyo, bishobora gufata iminsi mike cyangwa icyumweru kugira ngo ibisubizo bigaruke. Muganga wawe azabikubwira.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya ANCA bivuze iki? Nabyumva nte?

Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Muganga wawe ni we uzakubwira ibyavuye mu kizamini cya ANCA n'uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe.

• Niba ibisubizo ari ``negative``: Ibi birashoboka cyane ko bivuze ko udafite ``autoimmune vasculitis``` nk'uko byavuzwe mbere.
• Niba ibisubizo ari ``byavuye mu bushakashatsi``: Bishobora gusobanura ko ufite ``autoimmune vasculitis``.

Ariko, hari ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba gusobanukirwa hano. Gupima ANCA neza ntibisobanura ko ufite indwara mu buryo bwikora. Muganga wawe ashobora gusaba ibindi bipimo , nko gupimwa (ingero y'inyama zifatwa kugira ngo zipimwe), cyangwa ibindi bipimo by'amaraso. Byongeye kandi, isuzuma rikorwa hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi, harimo ibimenyetso byawe n'ibisubizo by'ibindi bipimo.

Icy'ingenzi: Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya ANCA ni kimwe mu bice bigize igikorwa cyo gusuzuma indwara. Ntabwo ari cyo cyonyine kigaragaza ko indwara ihari. Muganga wawe azabisuzuma hamwe n'ibindi bintu byinshi, nk'ibimenyetso byawe, ibisubizo by'ibindi bizamini, n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

None se, ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka muri ibi?

Ikizamini cya ``Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies'', cyangwa ``ANCA'', ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cy'amaraso gifasha abaganga gusuzuma ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa ``autoimmune vasculitis'', aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bwite bwibasira imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu.

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira impamvu ugomba gukora iki kizamini n'icyo ibisubizo bizagusobanurira. Rero, ntugire ubwoba cyangwa ngo ugire amakenga. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa hari ikintu udasobanukiwe, baza muganga wawe ako kanya. Ni byiza kumenyeshwa igihe ufata ibyemezo ku buzima bwawe.

(Ikizamini cya ANCA), Ikizamini cya ANCA, ibizamini by'amaraso, vasculitis, indwara ziterwa n'umubiri, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, neutrophils, kubyimba kw'imitsi y'amaraso