Imbaraga zikomeye ziri mu mitwe yacu: Byose ku bwonko! (Ubwonko)

Muraho! Mumeze mute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri kimwe mu bice by'umubiri bitangaje kandi by'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu. Ubwo bwonko bwacu ni nk'igikoresho gikomeye mu mubiri wacu. Ibyo dukora byose, ibyo tuvuga, ibyo dutekereza, ibyo twibuka, ibyo twibuka byose, ni byo bigenga. Tekereza, urimo gusoma ibi muri aka kanya kubera ubwonko bwawe!

None se ubwonko ni iki? ('Ubwonko')

Mu magambo make, ubwonko bwawe ni urugingo rukomeye cyane kandi rufite imbaraga. Ibintu ubona binyuze mu byumviro byawe bitanu (kubona, kumva, guhumurirwa, uburyohe, gukoraho), amarangamutima yawe (nk'agahinda, ibyishimo, uburakari), ibitekerezo byawe, ibyo wibuka, uburyo ugenda, uburyo uvuga, imyitwarire yawe ... ibi byose bigenzurwa kandi bigategekwa n'ubwonko.

Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo inareba ibintu utazi. Tekereza kuri byo, guhumeka kwawe, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe, umuvuduko w'umutima wawe ... Ntabwo ugomba gutekereza kuri ibi bintu. Bibaho mu buryo bwikora . Ibyo byose bikorwa n'ubwonko bwacu. Mu by'ukuri, ikikugira uwo uri we, utandukanye n'abandi, kandi udasanzwe ni ukubera ubwo bushobozi butangaje buri mu bwonko bwawe.

Ubwonko bwawe bugizwe n'ibice byinshi bitandukanye, ariko bifitanye isano. Ubu buryo bukora bwo kohereza ubutumwa hagati y'uturemangingo duto twitwa neuron . Ubu butumwa ni bwo ubwonko busobanukirwa, bugahindura ubusobanuro ku mibiri yacu, kandi butuma dukora neza.

Ubwonko bwawe bufitanye isano n'umugongo wawe. Ibyo byombi hamwe bigize sisitemu yacu y'imitsi yo hagati (CNS) .

Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi y'ubwonko?

Noneho, reba ibintu byinshi ubwonko bwacu bukora. Dore bimwe mu by'ingenzi:

• Kugenzura ibintu tutazi ko dukora: ibintu nko guhumeka, gutera k'umutima, gusinzira, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri.
• Gutera imbaraga zo guhangana cyangwa guhunga cyangwa guhangayika , bidufasha kurokoka mu gihe habayeho akaga gatunguranye.
• Kugira ngo tumenye neza ko izindi ngingo z'umubiri wacu zakora neza.
• Kugenzura ibyo twibuka n'amarangamutima yacu.
• Imikorere yacu ('Imikorere ya moteri'), kuringaniza umubiri, no guhuza neza imitsi.
• Gutunganya ibyumviro biva mu byumviro bitanu (kubona, kumva, guhumurirwa, gukorakora, uburyohe).
• Kuvuga no kumva ururimi.
• Gutekereza no gufata ibyemezo.

Mu magambo make, akazi k'ubwonko ni kohereza, kwakira no gutunganya ibimenyetso binyura mu mitsi yacu. Ibi bimenyetso ni ubutumwa bw'amakuru buturuka ku byumviro byacu bitanu. Ubwonko kandi bumenya ibimenyetso bituruka mu mubiri, nko kubabara, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri, n'umuvuduko w'umutima. Ni aya makuru ubwonko busobanura kandi bugatanga ibisobanuro ku bintu bibera hirya no hino.

Ubwonko bwacu buhagarara gukura ryari?

Ese wari uzi ko ubwonko bwacu bukura cyane kuva tuvutse kugeza tukiri bato? Ariko, bifata igihe kugira ngo ubwonko bukure neza. Iyi gahunda ntibaho kugeza ugeze mu myaka ya za 20 hagati .

Kimwe mu bice bya nyuma by'ubwonko kugira ngo gikure kandi gikure ni prefrontal cortex . Iki gice ni cyo kigufasha gufata ibyemezo, gushyira imbere imirimo, no kugenzura amarangamutima yawe. Iyi rero ishobora kuba imwe mu mpamvu ituma rimwe na rimwe ugira ingorane zo gufata ibyemezo bihubutse no kugenzura amarangamutima yawe ukiri muto. Kubera ko icyo gice kitaragera neza.

Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko?

Hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'ubwonko bwacu. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

1. Ubwonko (`ubwonko`):

• Iki ni cyo gice kinini cy'ubwonko. Kimeze nk'igice kinini cy'igihaza.
• Uyu ni we usobanukiwe amakuru aturuka mu byumviro byawe bitanu.
• Nanone, ubwonko bugenzura ibintu dukora n'ubwenge bwacu, nko kuvuga, kwibuka, imyitwarire, kamere, ingendo, gutekereza, no gucira imanza.
• Igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: igice cy'ibumoso n'igice cy'iburyo . Ibi bice bibiri bihuzwa n'ikiraro gikozwe mu mitsi y'imitsi (igizwe n'ibintu byera) cyitwa corpus callosum .

2. Indwara y'ubwonko:

• Ibi biri inyuma y'ubwonko, hafi y'umutwe w'ubwonko. Bimeze nk'uruziga ruto, rufite igice cy'uruziga.
• Ishinzwe kubungabunga imiterere yawe, imiterere yawe, guhuza imikorere, n'ubuhanga bwawe mu mikorere (urugero nko gukanda buto cyangwa kwandika). Tekereza nk'iyo igufasha kuringaniza iyo utwaye igare.

3. Umuyoboro w'ubwonko:

• Ibi biri mu nsi y'ubwonko, nk'umuyoboro uhuza igice gisigaye cy'ubwonko n'umugongo.
• Igenzura imikorere myinshi y’umubiri wacu. Ibi ni ibintu tudakora tubigambiriye. Urugero, ibintu nko gutera k’umutima, guhumeka, gusinzira no kubyuka, no kumira.

Ntabwo ari igitangaza? Ibi bice bitatu bikora hamwe kugira ngo bigenge umubiri wacu wose.

Ubwonko burindwa bute?

Ubwonko bwacu ni urugingo rw'agaciro kandi rworoshye cyane, bityo bugomba kurindwa neza.

Ubwonko bwawe bukikijwe n'imiterere y'amagufwa yitwa cranium . Iki ni igice cy'agahanga kawe. Ubwonko bureremba mu mazi yitwa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Amagufwa y'agahanga na CSF hamwe bikingira ubwonko gukomereka. Ni nk'ingofero!

Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo hagati y'ubwonko bwawe n'agahanga kawe, hari ibice bitatu by'inyama byitwa meninges :

• Dura mater:Uru ni urwego rwo hanze cyane. Rutwikira agahanga kawe.
• Arachnoide membrane: Uru ni urwego rwo hagati. Ni agace gato gatwikiriye ubwonko bwose.
• Pia mater: Uru ni rwo ruhererekane rw'imbere. Rurimo imiyoboro y'amaraso ijyana ku buso bw'ubwonko.

Hari imitsi 12 yo mu bwonko. Imitsi itwara ubutumwa hagati y'ubwonko, ingingo, n'imitsi binyuze mu kohereza impulses z'amashanyarazi. Uku ni ko amakuru ava mu mubiri wawe anyura mu mitsi ajya mu bwonko, kandi ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bujya mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Ibindi bice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko

Uretse ibice bitatu by'ingenzi, ubwonko bufite ibindi bice byinshi by'ingenzi cyane, bito kandi bikora imirimo yihariye. Reka turebe bimwe muri byo.

• Amygdala: Iki ni igice cy'urwego rw'imitsi yawe. Giherereye mu bice by'umubiri . Kigufasha kugenzura amarangamutima yawe, cyane cyane ubwoba.
• Ganglia y'ibanze: Izi ni imiterere iri imbere mu bwonko igenzura ingendo zawe.
• Hippocampus: Aka ni gato kari mu gice cy'ubwonko. Ni ko gashinzwe kwibuka no kwiga kwawe. Ni ingenzi cyane mu kwibuka ibintu bishya.
• Thalamus: Iherereye hejuru y'ubwonko, iyi ni nk'aho "switchboard" y'imitsi yawe yo hagati. Yohereza amakuru y'ibyumviro ava mu bindi bice by'umubiri ajya mu bwonko.
• Hypothalamus: Hypothalamus, iri munsi y'ubwonko, igenzura imisemburo n'imikorere yayo bwite (nk'inzara n'inyota).
• Ingirabuzimafatizo: Ingirabuzimafatizo y'ubwonko, iri munsi ya hypothalamus, igenzura ikorwa ry'imisemburo. Nubwo ari nto cyane, ikora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi.
• Ingirabuzimafatizo: Iyi ngirabuzimafatizo, iherereye inyuma ya corpus callosum, igenzura ibihe byawe byo gusinzira no kubyuka.

Tekereza ukuntu ibyo bice byose bito bigoye iyo bishyizwe hamwe!

Uduce tw'ubwonko ni iki?

Twaganiriye mbere ko ubwonko bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri by'umubiri (impande). Kuri buri ruhande, hari utubuto tune (utubuto) . Buri kimwe muri byo gifite akazi kacyo gatandukanye.

• Agace k'imbere:
• Iki gice kiri imbere mu bwonko bwawe, inyuma y'agahanga. Iki ni cyo gice kinini cyane.
• Igenzura ibintu byinshi, nko gukora ingendo zacu ku bushake, gusobanukirwa imibereho, gutekereza, no kwiga. Ishinzwe kandi ibintu nko gufata ibyemezo no gutegura.

• Agace k'inyuma k'inzoga:
• Ibi biri inyuma y'ubwonko.
• Iki gice cy'ubwonko kigufasha gutunganya no gusobanukirwa amakuru y'amaso (ibyo ubona) aturuka mu maso yawe.

• Agace k'imbere k'umubiri:
• Iki gice cy'ubwonko, giherereye hejuru n'inyuma y'ubwonko, cyakira kandi kigasobanura ibimenyetso biva mu bindi bice by'ubwonko, bikaguha gusobanukirwa ibikukikije n'imiterere y'umubiri wawe. Kinashinzwe kumva ibintu nko gukoraho, ububabare, n'ubushyuhe.

• Agace k'igihe gito:
• Iki gice cy'ubwonko bwawe, kiri ku mpande z'umutwe wawe, hafi y'amatwi yawe, kigufasha kwibuka, kumva ururimi, no gusobanura amarangamutima. Ni naho utunganya ibyo wumva.

Reba uburyo buri tsinda rikora akazi karyo kadasanzwe. Ibi byose bikorana nibyo bituma tuba 'twe'.

"Imvi n'umweru" mu bwonko ni iki?

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'ubwonko bw''imvi'' n''umweru'. Ibi ni ubwoko bubiri bw'ingingo mu bwonko. Byitwa amazina hakurikijwe ibara ryabyo n'imikorere yabyo.

• Ibintu by'imvi:
• Iki ni igice cy'ubwonko cyijimye, cy'inyuma (cyanone cyitwa cortex yo mu bwonko ).
• Iyi grey matter igufasha mu mirimo yawe ya buri munsi, nko kugenzura imitsi, gukoresha ibyumviro byawe, kwibuka ibintu, kumva amarangamutima, no kuvuga.

• Ibintu by'umweru:
• Ibi biri munsi y'ikimera cy'umukara, mu ibara ryoroheje.
• Icyo ibi bikora ni ukohereza ibimenyetso mu bice bitandukanye by'imitsi yawe kugira ngo bigufashe gukora neza.

Mu magambo make, niba ikintu cy'umukara ari nka mudasobwa, ikintu cy'umweru ni nk'insinga ziri muri iyo mudasobwa. Kimwe ntigishobora gukora kidafite ikindi.

Dufite uturemangingo twinshi mu bwonko bwacu?

Bivugwa ko mu bwonko bw'umuntu hari uturemangingo tw'imitsi ('Neurons') tugera kuri miliyari 86! Nanone, hari umubare ungana w'uturemangingo tutari utw'imitsi twitwa 'Glial cells' .

• Uturemangingo: Utu ni uturemangingo twohereza kandi tukakira ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire, nk'insinga zitwara amakuru mu bwonko.
• Uturemangingo twa Glial: Tugira uruhare mu kubungabunga ubwonko, tugakora myelin ( ikintu kirimo ibinure, kirinda mu bintu by'umweru), kandi tugatanga intungamubiri ku bwonko. Ni nk'abafasha b'uturemangingo tw'imitsi.

Umubare utangaje w'uturemangingo, sibyo?

Ubwonko bw'umuntu bupima angahe?

Ubwonko bw'umuntu mukuru bupima ibiro bigera kuri 3 (ibiro 1.4) . Iyo tuvutse, bupima ibiro bigera kuri 1.5. Bukura bukagera kuri ibiro 2 mu bwana. Uburemere bw'ubwonko bwawe bushobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'igitsina cyawe n'ingano y'umubiri wawe.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko?

Nkuko mubizi, ubwonko bwacu ni bwo bushinzwe hafi ya byose dukora. Kubwibyo, indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko zirakunze kugaragara. Izi ndwara zishobora gutandukana mu bukana n'ubukana. Dore zimwe muri zo:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer n'indwara yo kwibagirwa
• Amiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Indwara ya Autism Spectrum (ASD)
• Kuva amaraso mu bwonko
• Ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko
• Kubabara mu mutwe ( indwara ibaho iyo umuntu akubise umutwe)
• Ihungabana
• Indwara y'igicuri
• Sclerosis nyinshi (`Sclerosis nyinshi` - `MS`)
• Indwara ya Parkinson
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa (TBI)

Zimwe muri izi ndwara zibaho igihe umuntu avuka, izindi zikaza mu myaka y'amavuko. Ibimenyetso biratandukanye. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi, harimo ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ingendo, kwibuka, gutekereza no kuvuga.

Igikuru ni ugushaka inama kwa muganga vuba niba ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa kidasanzwe mu bwonko bwawe. Iyo ubimenye hakiri kare, ibintu byinshi bishobora kugenzurwa no kuvurwa.

Ni gute twakomeza kugira ubwonko bwacu buzira umuze?

Ushobora kuba usobanukiwe icyo ubwonko bwacu ari urugingo rw'agaciro kandi rw'ingenzi. Buhora bukora, ndetse n'igihe dusinziriye! Uko usoma ibi, ubwonko bwawe burimo kwita ku bindi byose biri mu mubiri wawe: uri guhumeka, amaso yawe arahumbya, ndetse wenda no kukwibutsa ko ushonje!

Rero, kubungabunga ubwonko bumeze neza, buhora bukora kugira ngo umubiri wacu wose ukore neza, ni ingenzi cyane. Hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora kugira ngo ubigereho:

• Guhurira hamwe n'inshuti, girana ubusabane n'abandi: Kuganira n'abantu no guseka ni ikintu cyiza gitera ubwonko imbaraga.
• Kosora ibibazo, koresha ubwonko bwawe: Ibintu nk'amagambo yo guhimba, Sudoku, no kwiga ikintu gishya bifasha uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwawe gukomeza gukora.
• Gutekereza cyane kugira ngo ugabanye stress: Guhangayika cyane si byiza ku bwonko. Humura ubwenge bwawe binyuze mu bintu nko gutekereza cyane no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka.
• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri: Kurya ibiryo bikungahaye ku bwonko nk'imboga, imbuto, amafi n'imbuto z'ubunyobwa.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Imyitozo ngororamubiri ituma amaraso atembera neza mu bwonko.
• Gusinzira bihagije: Mu gihe cyo gusinzira niho ubwonko bwisana kandi bugabika kwibuka. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusinzira neza nijoro.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka! (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ubwonko bwacu ni ikintu gitangaje cyane. Ni bwo butuma tuba abo turi bo. Bugenzura buri gitekerezo, ibyiyumvo, n'ibikorwa dukora.

Niba ufite impungenge ku buzima bw'ubwonko bwawe, cyangwa niba utekereza ko ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara iterwa n'ubwonko (urugero: isereri rikunze kubaho, kwibagirwa, kugorwa no kuvuga), nyamuneka gana muganga.Ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwo kuvura ibintu byinshi iyo ubimenye hakiri kare.

Wite ku bwonko bwawe! Ni wo mutungo wawe w'agaciro kanini.

Ubwonko , sisitemu yo hagati y'imitsi, imikorere y'ubwonko, ubwonko bwo mu mutwe, ubwonko bwo mu mutwe, ubwonko bwo mu mutwe, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, ubuzima bw'ubwonko