Umutware muto w'ubwonko bwacu: Byose ku byerekeye Thalamus!

Ese wigeze wibaza ibintu bitangaje biba mu bwonko bwacu? Ubwonko bwacu mu by’ukuri ni ingingo zikomeye cyane kandi z’ingenzi cyane. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy’ingenzi cyane cy’ubwonko dushobora kuba tutarumvise byinshi kuri cyo. Icyo ni thalamus . Akazi kayo ni nk’umunyamabanga mukuru mu biro, cyangwa umuyobozi wa sitasiyo muri sitasiyo nini ya gari ya moshi. Reka turebe icyo iyi thalamus ari cyo, icyo ikora, n’icyaba kibaye iyo hagize ikiyibaho.

Thalamus ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

Mu magambo make, thalamus yawe ni imiterere mito, imeze nk'igi iri hagati mu bwonko bwawe. Mu by'ukuri, iherereye imbere mu bwonko bwawe. Ntabwo ari yo yonyine, mu by'ukuri hari thalamus ebyiri, imwe muri buri gice cy'ubwonko bwawe.

Tekereza sitasiyo nini ya gari ya moshi mu mujyi munini. Gari za moshi zose zihagera hanyuma zigahindura icyerekezo. Muri ubwo buryo, amakuru yose y’imikorere n’ibyumviro biva mu mibiri yacu - ni ukuvuga ibintu twumva, ibintu turyoherwa, ibintu tubona, ibintu dukoraho (ariko tudafite impumuro) - abanza kugera kuri iyi thalamus. Hanyuma thalamus yohereza aya makuru ahantu heza, ikavuga iti "Sawa, ibi bigomba kujya hano, ibyo bigomba kujya hariya," kuri cortex yo mu bwonko (iyi ni yo mpande y’ubwonko bwacu, aho gutekereza cyane biba). Niho ayo makuru arushaho gusesengura kandi tukayasobanukirwa.

Mu by’ukuri, thalamus ni nk'ahantu ho guhanahana amakuru mu bwonko bwacu.

Ni iki kibera umubiri wacu binyuze muri thalamus? Ni iyihe mirimo yawo?

Akazi Thalamasa agomba gukora si gato. Dore zimwe mu nshingano ze z'ingenzi:

• Gukwirakwiza amakuru ku bwenge: Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ibyumviro byose tubona bivuye mu byumviro byacu bitanu (usibye impumuro) - kureba, kumva, uburyohe, gukoraho - byoherezwa mu bwonko nk'imyakura y'imitsi binyuze muri thalamus. Muri thalamus, hari ahantu hihariye kuri buri mva, hitwa nuclei . Utwo tunyangingo twakira amakuru, tukayatunganya, hanyuma tukayohereza mu bice bikwiye bya cortex y'ubwonko.
• Amakuru ku mikorere y'umubiri: Kimwe n'amakuru yerekeye ibyumviro, ubutumwa bujyanye n'ingendo nko kwimura amaboko n'amaguru no kugenda nabwo bwoherezwa mu bwonko binyuze muri thalamus.
• Gushyira imbere kwitabwaho: Tekereza iyo uri kugenda mu muhanda, ni ibintu bingahe wumva kandi ubona icyarimwe, nk'urusaku rw'imodoka, abantu bavuga, n'ibindi? Ese ntibyaba ari urujijo cyane ibi byose biramutse byinjiye mu bwonko bwawe icyarimwe? Muri ako kanya, ubwonko bugufasha gufata icyemezo cyo kuvuga ngo "Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi muri iki gihe? Ni iki ngomba kwitondera?"
• Kugumana ubwenge:Gusinzira bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma tuba maso kandi tukaba maso.
• Imikorere ijyanye no kumenya no kwibuka: Thalamusi ifitanye isano n'imikorere yacu y'amaboko . Iyi gahunda y'amaboko ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubwonko bwacu kigenzura amarangamutima yacu, kikarema kandi kikabika kwibuka, kigira uruhare mu gukanguka kw'imibonano mpuzabitsina, kandi kikagira uruhare mu kwiga. Bityo rero thalamus nayo igira uruhare muri iyi mirimo.
• Kugenzura Ibitotsi no Gukanguka: Thalamus nayo igira uruhare mu bintu nk'ingendo zacu zo gusinzira, kudusinzira no kudukangura.

Mu magambo make, uyu musore adufasha mu ibanga ibintu byinshi tubona, twumva, twumva, dutekereza, kandi twibuka.

Thalamus ikora ite?

Biroroshye cyane. Ubutumwa bw'amatwi (ni ukuvuga amakuru) buturuka mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wacu bugenda mu mitsi , bunyura mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko, amaherezo bukagera kuri thalamus.

Imbere muri thalamus hari uduce twihariye twitwa nuclei, twavuze mbere. Buri nucleus imwe muri izi ifite inshingano zo gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubutumwa bw'ibyumviro cyangwa bw'imiyoboro y'umubiri. Ni ukuvuga nucleus imwe ikoresha ubutumwa buturuka mu maso, n'indi ikoresha ubutumwa buturuka mu matwi. Utwo nucleus duhitamo amakuru twakira tukayohereza binyuze mu mitsi ikwiye mu gace gakwiye ka cortex y'ubwonko . Niho dusobanukirwa amakuru neza kandi tukayasubiza.

Urugero, tekereza ko ubonye indabyo nziza. Urwo mucyo winjiye mu jisho ryawe, hanyuma kuva aho, amakuru anyura mu mitsi y'amaso akagera ku gice cy'inyuma cy'ijisho kiri muri thalamus ("Lateral Geniculate Nucleus"). Aho ni ho amakuru atunganywa akoherezwa mu gice cy'inyuma cy'ijisho cy'ubwonko. Ni bwo uhita ubona uti "Wow, iyi ni indabyo nziza."

Thalamus iherereye he?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, thalamus iherereye hagati mu bwonko. Mu by'ukuri, hejuru gato y'ubwonko (igice gihuza ubwonko n'umugongo). Nubwo isa n'inyubako imwe, mu by'ukuri hari thalamus ebyiri, imwe iri iburyo bw'ubwonko n'indi iri ibumoso.

Kubera ko iherereye ahantu hagati, nk'uko inziga z'igare zihera hagati zigagera ku bice byose by'inziga, imitsi y'ubwonko ituruka kuri thalamus ihuzwa hafi ya buri gace k'ubwonko bw'ubwonko.

Mu by’ubuvuzi, thalamus ni igice cya diencephalon , kirimo kandi hypothalamus , subthalamus, na epithalamus.

Bigenda bite iyo thalamus yangiritse?

Noneho usobanukiwe akamaro n'umusaruro wa thalamus. Tekereza ubwoko bw'ibibazo bishobora kuvuka mu gihe habayeho ikintu ku kigo gikomeye nk'iki. Mu by'ukuri, kwangirika kwa thalamus bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byinshi.

Ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho iyo thalamus yangiritse:

• Gutakaza ubwenge (Amnesia): Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kwibuka ibintu bishya no kwibagirwa ibya kera.
• Kutagira icyo ukunda: Ushobora kubura icyo ukunda mu bintu wakundaga mbere.
• Kugorwa no kumva cyangwa kuvuga ururimi (Aphasia): Kugorwa no kumva ibivugwa, kudashobora gushyiraho interuro zihuye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kuvuga amagambo mu buryo butari bwo.
• Kugorwa no kwita ku kintu, kudashobora kuba maso: Biragoye kwibanda ku kintu kimwe, kandi ushobora kumva usinziriye igihe cyose.
• Kugorwa no gutunganya amakuru yerekeye ibyumviro: Ibintu nko gukoraho, ububabare, n'ubushyuhe bishobora kutumva neza cyangwa bigasa n'ibidasanzwe.
• Ibibazo byo kugenda: Ushobora gutakaza uburinganire, guhinda umushyitsi, no kugorwa no kugenda.
• Gusinzira kenshi: Ushobora kumva usinziriye cyane, ndetse no ku manywa.
• Ububabare budakira: Ububabare bukomeye bujyana no gushya ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, cyane cyane mu ndwara yitwa Thalamic Pain Syndrome .

Indwara zikomeye zishobora guterwa no kwangirika kwa thalamus:

• Kutamenya no kuba umuntu asinziriye.
• Indwara zo gusinzira: Indwara nko kudasinzira . Mu bihe bidasanzwe, indwara y’uturemangingo yitwa Fatal Family Insomnia ishobora gutera kubura ibitotsi burundu ndetse n’urupfu.
• Thalamic aphasia: Indwara aho amagambo avugwa nabi kandi imvugo ikaba idafite icyo ivuze.
• Indwara zo kugenda: Ibintu nk'imitingito.
• Indwara z'ububabare.
• Ibibazo byo kutabona: ibintu nko kutabona neza, kongera ubushobozi bwo kumva urumuri.

Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kwangirika kwa thallus:

• Gutera thalamus: Thalamus ishobora kwangirika bitewe no kuziba cyangwa gucika k'umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga amaraso mu bwonko.
• Ibibyimba mu bwonko: Iyo ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko kigeze hafi y'ubwonko, gishobora kwisunika ku bwonko kikangiza.

Ni ibihe bintu byihariye bigira ingaruka kuri thalamus?

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gasabo k'inkari, cyangwa zikagangiza. Zimwe muri zo ni izi:

• Gupfa Kubura Indwara zo mu Rugo: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu buryo bw'uturemangingo twavuzeho. Iterwa n'inenge iri mu bwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa Prion . Abantu barwaye iyi ndwara babura ibitotsi buhoro buhoro. Muri icyo gihe, batangira kugira imihangayiko, kwiheba, gutinya no kubona ibintu nk'aho bitabaho. Amaherezo, babura ubushake bwo kurya, kugabanya ibiro, kwibagirwa, no kudashobora kuvuga, biganisha ku rupfu. Iki ni ikibazo kibabaje cyane.
• Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jacob n'indwara ya Fabry: Muri izi ndwara zombi, scan ya MRI igaragaza impinduka mu bucucike mu gice cy'inyuma cya thalamus. Ibi byitwa "ikimenyetso cya Pulvinar", kikaba ari ikimenyetso gifasha gusuzuma izi ndwara.
• Korsakoff syndrome: Iyi ni indwara yibasira cyane abantu banywa inzoga nyinshi. Yangiza imiterere y'ubwonko yitwa mammillothalamic fasciculus , ifitanye isano na thalamus. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwibuka.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije thalamus?

Yego, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ubuvuzi bugenewe thalamus. Urugero, ku bantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson badafatwa neza n'imiti, ubuvuzi bwitwa Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) bukoreshwa mu kwibasira Ventral Intermediate Nucleus ya thalamus. Ibi bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Parkinson, nko gutigita.

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka

Rero, iyi thalamus twavuzeho uyu munsi ni umukozi ucecetse cyane, ariko ukomeye cyane mu bwonko bwacu.

Ni cyo gice nyamukuru gikwirakwiza ubutumwa bw'ibyumviro (impumuro) n'ubw'imiyoboro y'amaraso biva mu mubiri wacu bikagera mu bwonko bwose. Ni nk'aho ari ibiro binini by'iposita!

• Adufasha gukora neza mu buryo bwo kubona, kumva, gusogongera no gukoraho.
• Iyo twimutse, bijyana ubutumwa bujyanye n'ibyo dukora.
• Bifite kandi isano n'ibintu nk'ibyo twitaho, ubwenge bwacu, ibitotsi, kwibuka, n'amarangamutima.

Kubwibyo, niba hari icyangiritse kuri thalamus, gishobora kugira ingaruka nyinshi mu buzima bwacu. Niba wumva ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso bivugwa muri iyi nkuru, nyamuneka shaka inama kwa muganga . Kuko ari ingenzi cyane gushaka impamvu no kuyivura vuba bishoboka.

Thalamus ni urugingo rutangaje koko, si byo se? Biratangaje gutekereza ku mikorere y'ingenzi buri gice gito cy'umubiri wacu gikora!

Thalamus , ubwonko, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, ibyiyumvo, ingendo, kwibuka, gusinzira, indwara z'ubwonko