Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ubwonko busobanukirwa ibintu byose tubona n'amaso yacu, twumva n'amatwi yacu, uburyohe bwacu n'ururimi rwacu, kandi tugakora ku mubiri wacu? Hari ibintu byinshi bibaho icyarimwe! Ni nde wohereza aya makuru yose ahantu hakwiye atavangiye mu bwonko akatubwira icyo asobanura? Niyo mpamvu hari urugingo rw'ingenzi cyane, ruto ariko runini mu bwonko bwacu. Izina ryarwo ni thalamus . Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri uru rugingo rwiza cyane.
Mu magambo make, thalamus ni iki?
Tekereza ugiye kuri sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi ya Colombo Fort. Gari za moshi zose ziturutse hirya no hino muri Sri Lanka zibanza kugera kuri Fort. Kuva aho, gari ya moshi zijyanwa mu zindi nzira zigomba kujyamo. Thalamasa ni nk'itariki nkuru ya gari ya moshi mu bitekerezo byacu .
Iyi ni imiterere mito imeze nk'igi iri mu bwonko bwacu, hagati. Mu by'ukuri hari ibiri muri ibi, imwe kuri buri ruhande rw'ubwonko. Amakuru yose yerekeye ibyumviro n'imikorere y'umubiri aza mu bwonko avuye mu mubiri wacu, abanza kugera kuri iyi thalamus. Aho niho itondekanya ayo makuru ikavuga iti: "Sawa, iki ni ikintu kijyanye no kureba, ndashaka kohereza mu gice cy'ubwonko kigenzura kureba," "Iki ni ikintu kijyanye no kumva, ndashaka kohereza mu gice kigenzura ibyo," hanyuma ikayoborwa ahantu heza. Ni ukuvuga ko thalamus ari cyo gice nyamukuru cyakira, kigatunganya, kandi kikayobora aya makuru mbere yuko yoherezwa mu gice cyo hanze cy'ubwonko, cortex y'ubwonko.
Ibyumviro byose uretse kimwe binyura muri thalamus mbere yo kugera mu bwonko. Ubwo ni bwo buryo bwo guhumurirwa . Bufite inzira yihariye.
Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi ya thalamus?
Akazi kakozwe n'uru rugingo ruto si akantu gato. Reka turebe bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi cyane.
- Kohereza amakuru yerekeye ibyumviro: Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, ibimenyetso by'imitsi ku byumviro byawe byose - kureba, kumva, uburyohe, no gukoraho - bibanza kugera kuri thalamus. Ibice byihariye byakira aya makuru, bikayatunganya, hanyuma bikayohereza mu bice by'ubwonko bikwiye. Ni nko gutondeka amabaruwa mu biro by'iposita.
- Kohereza amakuru ku mikorere y'umubiri: Iyo ushaka kwimura ukuboko kwawe, kugenda, cyangwa gufata ikintu, amabwiriza yo mu bwonko bwawe anyura muri iyi thalamus. Ibi bivuze ko ikora nk'ihuriro rikomeye ry'inzira zigenzura ibyiyumvo n'ingendo.
- Gushyira imbere ibyo kwitaho:Tekereza uri mu isoko ryuzuye abantu. Umuntu arimo arangurura ijwi ku ruhande rumwe, indirimbo yumvikanye ku rundi ruhande, imodoka iri imbere, kandi imboga zifite amabara menshi mu iduka. Ibi byose biramutse bigeze mu bwonko bwacu icyarimwe, ntibyaba byaraduteye gusara? Muri ako kanya, ubwonko buradufasha gusesengura iyi nkuru maze bukavuga buti : "Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi muri iki gihe? Ni iki nkwiye kwitaho mbere na mbere?" Ubwo bwonko ni bwo bufata icyemezo cy'uko kwitondera amajwi y'imodoka mu gihe cyo kwambuka umuhanda ari ingenzi kurusha andi majwi.
- Uruhare mu bwenge: Thalamus igira uruhare runini mu kubyutsa no kugukomeza kuba maso umunsi wose. Inagira uruhare mu kugenzura imikorere y'ibitotsi n'ibikanguro.
- Uruhare mu bwenge no kwibuka: Thalamus ifitanye isano rya hafi na "Limbic System" (Sisitemu y'amarangamutima), sisitemu iri mu bwonko bwacu igira uruhare mu bintu nk'amarangamutima, kubika no gutunganya kwibuka, no kwiga. Kubwibyo, igira uruhare mu kugenzura kwibuka n'amarangamutima yacu.
Bigenda bite iyo thalamus yangiritse?
Kubera ko ari ikigo cy'ingenzi cyane, ndetse n'icyangiritse gito kuri thalamus gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myinshi y'umubiri n'iy'ubwonko bwacu. Tekereza uko byagenda iyo sisitemu yo gutanga ibimenyetso kuri sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi ya Fort iramutse ipfuye. Ese imodoka za gari ya moshi zose mu gihugu ntizahungabanywa? Uko ni ko bimeze.
Impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi zitera kwangirika kwa thalamus ni stroke , ari yo kuziba cyangwa gucika k'umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga amaraso mu bwonko, hamwe n'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko .
| Ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho bitewe n'ibyangiritse | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Gutakaza kwibuka (Amnesia) | Ushobora kudashobora kwibagirwa ibintu bishaje cyangwa ngo ugire ibihe bishya. |
| Gutakaza ubushake mu kintu icyo ari cyo cyose (Uburangare) | Ushobora kubura ubushake cyangwa icyifuzo cy'ibintu wakundaga mbere. |
| Kugorwa no kuvuga no gusobanukirwa (Aphasia) | Gusobanya amagambo, kuvuga mu buryo budafite ishingiro, cyangwa kugorwa no kumva ibyo abandi bavuga. |
| Ibibazo byo kwita ku bintu no kuba maso | Sinshobora kwibanda ku kintu kimwe, kandi buri gihe numva mfite ibitotsi. |
| Ibibazo byo gutunganya amajwi | Uburyo wumva ibintu nko gukorakoraho, ububabare, n'ubushyuhe bishobora guhinduka. Hari igihe no gukorakoraho gato bishobora kumva nk'ububabare budashobora kwihanganira. |
| Kugorwa no kwimuka | Ibibazo byo kugenda nko gutigita no kugorwa no kugenda bishobora kubaho. |
| Ububabare budakira | Indwara y’ububabare ya Thalamic ishobora kubaho nta kintu na kimwe cyakomeretse ku mubiri, bigatuma habaho ubushye buhoraho, kuribwa, cyangwa gucika intege. |
Ni ibihe bibazo bikomeye?
Iyo thalamus yangiritse cyane, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyane.
- Kutamenya no Kubura ubwenge: Umuntu ashobora guta ubwenge burundu.
- Indwara zo gusinzira: Ingorane nko kudasinzira zishobora kubaho. Indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi yica yitwa "Fatal Family Insomnia" ifitanye isano itaziguye no kwangirika kwa thalamus.
- Ibibazo byo kureba: Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kutabona neza cyangwa kugorwa no kubona neza mu mucyo mwinshi.
Ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo bitangiye mu buryo butunguranye (urugero, kuvuga nabi, intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri), bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko. Ni ngombwa kujya mu bitaro byihutirwa (ETU) byihuse.
Indwara zidasanzwe zijyanye na thalamus
Uretse indwara zo mu bwonko zisanzwe n'ibibyimba, hari indwara nyinshi zidasanzwe zigira ingaruka ku buryo bwihariye kuri thalamus.
- Gusinzira mu muryango mu buryo butunguranye:Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu buryo bw’uturemangingo. Iyo ikuze, ubushobozi bwo gusinzira buragabanuka burundu buhoro buhoro. Hamwe n’ibi, ibintu nk’ibibazo byo mu mutwe, kugabanya ibiro, amaherezo n’urupfu birabaho.
- Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jacob: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane yangiza ubwonko. Iyi ndwara inangiza thalamus.
- Korsakoff Syndrome: Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo kunywa inzoga nyinshi bitera ibura rya vitamine B1 (Thiamine), bikangiza ibice by'ubwonko bifitanye isano no kwibuka, cyane cyane inzira zihuza na thalamus. Ibi bitera gutakaza kwibuka cyane.
Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya thalassemia?
Yego. Thalamus iba igamije kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe. Urugero rwiza ni indwara ya Parkinson .
Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Parkinson, nko gutigita, biragoye kuri bamwe kubigenzura bakoresheje imiti. Muri ibyo bihe, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kuvura bwitwa Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) . Ibi bisaba kubaga no gushyira electrode nziza cyane mu gace runaka ka thalamus no kohereza ibimenyetso bito by'amashanyarazi muri yo kugira ngo hagenzurwe iyo ngendo idasanzwe. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutanga ihumure rikomeye ku barwayi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Thalamus ni "ihuriro ry'amakuru" cyangwa "sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi" iri hagati mu bwonko bwacu.
- Aha niho ibyumviro byacu, nko kubona, kumva, gukorakora, no kuryoherwa, hamwe n'amakuru agenga imigendere y'umubiri, byoherezwa mu bwonko.
- Ubwonko kandi ni ingenzi mu bintu nko kwitonda, kuba maso, gusinzira, kwibuka no kumva amarangamutima.
- Iyo thalamus yangiritse bitewe n’impamvu nka stroke cyangwa kanseri yo mu bwonko, hashobora kubaho ibibazo bikomeye nko kubura kwibuka, kunanirwa kuvuga, ibibazo byo kugenda no kubabara igihe kirekire.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi agize ibimenyetso nk'ibitotsi byo kuvuga, gucika intege ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, cyangwa kubabara umutwe cyane, ntugapfushe umwanya ngo uhure na muganga cyangwa ngo uhite ujya kwa muganga. Bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko.
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