Ibintu ukeneye kumenya ku ngingo y'umukara y'ubwonko (Substantia Nigra)!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo imigendere y'umubiri wawe, uko ugenda, uko ugenda amaboko n'amaguru, bigenzurwa? Ibi byose bifitanye isano n'igice gito ariko cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubwonko bwacu. Icyo gice cyitwa gusa Substantia Nigra . Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga kuri iki gice gitangaje.

None se, ni iki kizaba kuri Substantia Nigra?

Mu magambo make, iki gice cyitwa substantia nigra ni igice cya sisitemu ya 'Basal Ganglia' mu bwonko bwawe. Mu by'ukuri, ibi nibyo bifasha kugenzura ingendo zawe n'imitsi yawe. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko substantia nigra ikora ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyitwa dopamine . Iyi dopamine ni nk'intumwa mu bwonko bwacu. Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'iyi substantia nigra. Imirimo ya buri kimwe muri byo itandukanye gato.

1. SN pars reticulata

Iki gice gifasha cyane cyane kugenzura imigendere y'amaso yawe, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwiga ibintu bishya no gutekereza. Uturemangingo tw'ubwonko muri aka gace tugizwe n'ikinyabutabire cyitwa aside gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) . GABA ikora mu kugabanya imikorere idakenewe y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko. Ni ukuvuga ko ifasha mu guhagarika ubwonko kohereza ibimenyetso bitari ngombwa ku mitsi. Ibi ni nk'umupolisi wo mu muhanda uhagarika imodoka zitari ngombwa.

2. SN pars compacta

Uturemangingo tw’imitsi, cyangwa se uturemangingo tw’imitsi, muri iki gice niho dopamine y’ikinyabutabire yavuzwe haruguru iba nyinshi cyane. Kubwibyo, iki gice kigira uruhare mu bintu byinshi, nko mu marangamutima yawe, ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwiga, uburyo ugena ibyago n’ibihembo, hamwe n’impamvu zawe. Kugabanuka kwa dopamine ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara nka Parkinson .

None se, Substantia Nigra iherereye he?

Iki gice cyitwa substantia nigra (SN) giherereye hagati mu bwonko bwawe, cyitwa ubwonko bwo hagati . Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, giherereye hagati mu bwonko bwawe. Mu by'ukuri, giherereye hejuru gato y'umutwe w'ubwonko , hafi y'aho umutwe n'ijosi bihurira n'umugongo utangirira. Nubwo tucyita 'substantia nigra', mu by'ukuri hari ibice bibiri by'ubwonko bwawe. Biherereye ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko bwo hagati. Buri gice kirimo ibice byavuzwe haruguru byitwa pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) na pars compacta (SN pars compacta). Iyo ibi byombi bihujwe, byitwa 'substantia nigra' (substantiae nigrae).

Iki gisa gute? Ni ibara ki? Ni kinini?

Urabona, izina Substantia Nigra rikomoka ku Kilatini. Risobanura 'ikintu cy'umukara' . Impamvu ni uko nubwo igice gisigaye cy'ubwonko bwawe gikunze kuba ibara ry'umutuku wijimye, iki gice cyitwa Substantia Nigra ni umwijima cyane. Mu by'ukuri, gisa n'umukandara w'umukara ukikijwe n'uturemangingo tw'amabara yoroheje. Impamvu ni uko uturemangingo tw'ubwonko muri aka gace tuba dufite ikinyabutabire cyitwa Melanin . Wari uzi ko Melanin nayo iboneka mu turemangingo tw'uruhu rwacu. Iyo tubonye izuba, uruhu rwacu ruhinduka umukara (umukara) kubera iyi Melanin. Iyo ubajije ingano yayo, mu by'ukuri ni igice gito cyane. Tekereza, ushobora gushyiramo uturemangingo 25 twa substantia nigra mu mupira usanzwe wa golf! Ni muto cyane. Ikindi kintu, nubwo ari igice cya basal ganglia, substantia nigra (SN) si ganglion. Ni nucleus , ikaba ari imiterere iri mu mitsi irimo itsinda ry'uturemangingo dukora ikintu kimwe, cyangwa dufite ubwoko bumwe bw'imibanire.

Substantia Nigra ikozwe mu ki?

Ganglia yawe y'ibanze, harimo na substantia nigra, igizwe n'ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo. Reka tubiganireho birambuye.

• Uturemangingo tw’imitsi : Utu ni uturemangingo two mu bwonko bwawe no mu mitsi . Ni two twohereza kandi twohereza ibimenyetso. Dushobora kohereza ibimenyetso haba mu buryo bwa shimi cyangwa amashanyarazi.
• Uturemangingo twa Glial: Tumeze nk'uturemangingo tw'ubufasha mu mitsi. Nubwo tudatanga ibimenyetso by'imitsi mu buryo butaziguye, dufasha uturemangingo dukora uwo murimo.

Bike ku byerekeye neurons

Uturemangingo (Neurons) ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twohereza kandi tukakira ubutumwa binyuze mu mitsi yawe hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire. Uturemangingo (Neurons) dufite ibi bice:

• Umubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo: Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ingirabuzimafatizo.
• Axon: Iki ni igice kirekire, gisa n'ukuboko gituruka ku mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo. Ku rundi ruhande rwa axon hari ibice byinshi birebire, gisa n'urutoki. Aha niho ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gituruka kuri neuron gihinduka ikimenyetso cya shimi. Ibi bice bimeze nk'urutoki nabyo byitwa synapses . Aha niho neuron ihurira n'izindi ngirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi zegereye.
• Dendrites: Izi ni imiterere mito, isa n'amashami ku mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo (izina rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini risobanura 'nk'igiti'). Dendrites yakira ibimenyetso bya shimi bivuye kuri synapses ku zindi nyuroni.
• Myelini (Myeline : Uru ni urwego rworoshye kandi rufite ibinure rukikije axon ya neuron. Rukora nk'igipfundikizo kirinda.

Imiyoboro y'ubwonko iragoye cyane. Dendrites zo muri neuron imwe zishobora guhuzwa n'izindi synapses ibihumbi. Uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe ni ture, utundi ni tugufi. Ibi biterwa n'aho turi mu mubiri n'akazi dukora.

Uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo (glial cells) ni iki?

Uturemangingo tw’imyakura dukora ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Dufasha uturemangingo gukura no gukura ukiri muto, kandi tugafasha gucunga uburyo uturemangingo tw’imyakura dukora mu buzima bwawe bwose. Nanone turinda uturemangingo tw’imyakura kwandura, tugenzura uburyo uturemangingo tw’imyakura dukoreshwa mu gukora imyakura, kandi tugakora agace ka myelin gakikije axons zawe. Wari ubizi? Hari uturemangingo tw’imyakura twikubye inshuro icumi ugereranije n’uturemangingo tw’imyakura turi mu turemangingo tw’imyakura!

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira Substantia Nigra?

Hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kwibasira Substantia Nigra. Zimwe muri zo ni izi:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ibikomere byo mu bwonko nko kubabara mu bwonko
• Guhura n'ibintu by'uburozi cyangwa uburozi nka Trichloroethylene (TCE)
• Indwara zandurira mu bwonko (cyane cyane indwara zitera kubyimba ubwonko, nka encephalite )
• Indwara zo kubyimba cyangwa indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri , nka lupus
• Indwara zarazwe nk'indwara ya Huntington
• Lewy body dementia
• Kugabanuka kwa sisitemu nyinshi
• Indwara ya Parkinson - Iyi ni yo ndwara ivugwa cyane ifitanye isano na Substantia Nigra, kuko muri iyi ndwara, uturemangingo dukora dopamine turangirika.
• Indwara y'icyorezo cya supranuclear ikomeza kwiyongera
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Indwara ya Wilson

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'indwara zifitanye isano na Substantia Nigra?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara zifata sisitemu y'inyuma y'agakoko, cyangwa substantia nigra, biterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara:

• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza no guhuza ibikorwa
• Intege nke z'imitsi no kubabara mu nda
• Gutigita no gutigita
• Ingorane zo kwibanda ku byo ushaka, gutekereza cyangwa gukemura ibibazo
• Kugorwa no kugenzura uko amaso agenda, bigatera ibibazo byo kutabona neza

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane bene ibyo bibazo?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, cyangwa substantia nigra. Ibizamini bikunze gukoreshwa ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora kumenya ibintu bitandukanye, kuva ku bibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kugeza niba uburozi n'uburozi, cyane cyane ibyuma nka umuringa, mercure, na lisansi, byinjiye mu mubiri.
• Isuzuma rya mudasobwa (CT)
• Ibyiza byavumbuwe (ibizamini by'ibyumviro)
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo
• Isuzuma rya MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
• Isuzuma rya Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Tomografia ikoresha fotoni imwe (SPECT scan)

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara zifitanye isano na Substantia Nigra?

Kubera ko hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri substantia nigra, ubuvuzi buboneka nabwo buratandukanye cyane. Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi uhabwa buterwa gusa n'uburwayi ufite. Hari igihe izi ndwara zishobora gukemurwa n'imiti . Izindi ndwara zishobora gusaba kubagwa . Nubwo zimwe zishobora gukira burundu, izindi zishobora kudakira neza. Mu gihe indwara idashobora gukira burundu, akenshi ni byiza kugenzura ibimenyetso .

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngire Substantia Nigra yanjye?

Indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, cyangwa substantia nigra, zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa nibura gutinda. Ariko, indwara ya ParkinsonIndwara zimwe na zimwe, nka kanseri, ziragoye kwirinda kuko zibaho mu buryo butunguranye. Ariko, dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye. Ibyokurya urya bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'imiyoboro y'amaraso n'ibiro byawe. Ibi byombi bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwawe.
• Gira imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kandi ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza. Ibiro byawe n'urwego rw'imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa gutinza indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko, cyane cyane umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa indwara zo mu bwonko.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda iyo bibaye ngombwa. Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane indwara zo mu bwonko n'ibindi bikomere byo mu bwonko, bishobora kwangiza ubwonko. Ibyo byangiritse rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba burundu. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda kugira ngo wirinde ibikomere byo mu bwonko, haba ku kazi ndetse no mu gihe cyo kuruhuka.
• Gucunga indwara zawe zidakira. Indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku bwonko n'imitsi zigenda zirushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Kuvura izi ndwara zidakira neza bishobora kugabanya iterambere ryazo no kugabanya ingaruka z'ibimenyetso.

Ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo

Nkuko mubibona, substantia nigra ni agace gato cyane k'ubwonko bwacu, ariko gakora akazi gakomeye cyane. Nubwo abahanga bacyiga byinshi kuri yo, tuzi byinshi. Ni igice kinini cy'uburyo bwo gutanga ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire mu bwonko bwacu. Ifasha kandi guhuza ingendo zacu, kureba, n'ibindi byinshi.

Wibuke ko ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwawe ari ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwawe muri rusange. Rero, ntuzigere wibagirwa kwita ku bwonko bwawe no gukurikiza ubuzima bwiza.

Uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere n'ubushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi butera imbere, tuziga byinshi ku mikorere y'imbere ya Substantia Nigra n'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziyigiraho ingaruka. Rero, ni ngombwa kugira icyizere!

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Substantia Nigra, Ubwonko, Dopamine, Indwara ya Parkinson, Kwimuka, Imiterere y'imitsi