Izi selile za Helper T ni izihe? Mu magambo make...
Rero, uturemangingo twa T two mu bwoko bwa Helper ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Tekereza ko nk'ingabo zirinda igihugu cyacu, dufite sisitemu nini mu mubiri wacu yo kuturinda indwara, ari na byo twita uturemangingo twa T two mu bwoko bwa . Utu turemangingo twa T two mu bwoko bwa . Hagati aho, uturemangingo twa T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper ni itsinda rikora inshingano zidasanzwe. Akazi k'ingenzi k'utu turemangingo ni ukumenya ubwandu, ni ukuvuga umugera utera indwara, iyo winjiye mu mubiri wacu, hanyuma ugafatanya n'utundi turemangingo tw'umubiri no kubashishikariza kurwanya ubwo bwandu (kuzishyira mu bikorwa) . Nk'uko umuyobozi abigenza iyo intambara itangiye. Utu turemangingo twa T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Helper T two mu bwoko bwa .Heart T two mu bwoko bwa .thymus ...- Selile T zitera uburozi : Izi ni zo zirwanya kandi zigasenya uturemangingo twanduye, nk'abasirikare bagaba igitero mu gisirikare.
- Uturemangingo twa T duto : Akazi kabo ni ukugenzura imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri iyo bibaye ngombwa, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kubuhagarika kugira ngo budakora cyane.
- Selile za NKT: Izi zifasha kongera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri muri rusange.
Kuki izi selile za Helper T ari ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu? (Uruhare rw'Ubudahangarwa bw'Ihindagurika)
Noneho, reba, hari ibice bibiri by'ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Kimwe ni Innative Immunity , ari na yo sisitemu yo kwirwanaho duhabwa kuva tuvuka kandi ikora muri rusange ku mikorobe iyo ari yo yose. Ikindi ni Adaptive Immunity . Iyi ni umwihariko cyane. Kuko iyi ni yo imenya udukoko twihariye twinjira mu mubiri wacu kandi ikiga kuyirwanya by'umwihariko. Ni nk'aho iyo uhuye n'umwanzi umwe ku nshuro ya kabiri, uba witeguye neza kurusha uko wari umeze ubwa mbere. Ngaho rero.Intwari z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni izi selile T zifasha . Mu by'ukuri, zigira uruhare mu mikorere myinshi y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Zikora ahanini ubwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo: 1. Selile B: Izi selile B nizo zikora imiti yihariye yitwa antibodies mu mibiri yacu. Izi antibodies ni nk'intwaro zihariye. Zikora antibodies zihariye kuri buri pathogen kandi zifasha mu gusenya iyo pathogen. 2. Selile T zitera uburozi: Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, izi ni zo zirwanya ubwandu mu buryo butaziguye kandi zigasenya uturemangingo twanduye. Muri make, selile T zifasha zimeze nk'abayobozi babwira izindi selile bati: "Hey, hari ikibazo! Buri wese akore!"Ese hari ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twa T dufasha?
Yego, iyo izi selile T bafasha zibonye ubwandu, zitangira gukora zigabanyijemo izindi nkomoko ebyiri. Izi ni:- Uturemangingo tw’ubufasha twa TH1: Utu turemangingo twohereza ubutumwa bwihariye bwa shimi (reka tubyite itegeko) kugira ngo dukore ubwoko bw’uturemangingo twitwa macrophage . Uturemangingo twa macrophage tumeze nk’ibintu bikusanya imyanda mu mibiri yacu. "Bimira" ibintu by’amahanga n’udukoko biva hanze kandi bigasukura umubiri. Uturemangingo twa TH1 tunakora uturemangingo twa T twavuzwe haruguru.
- Uturemangingo tw’ubufasha twa TH2: Utwo turemangingo dukora uturemangingo twa B dusohora ubutumwa butandukanye bwa shimi. Uturemangingo twa B dutangira gukora uturemangingo twa TH2. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo n’utu turemangingo twa TH2 dutera ibintu nko gukorora, kwitsamura, no gucibwamo , rimwe na rimwe bifasha imibiri yacu gukuraho ibintu by’amahanga. Uturemangingo twa TH2 duterwa n’utundi turemangingo na two dukorwa hifashishijwe utwo turemangingo twa TH2.
Tekereza ukuntu ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu bugoye, ariko bukora neza! Ibi byose bibaho kugira ngo biturinde indwara .
Ni gute izi selile T zifasha zikora? (Gukora)
Iyi ni inkuru ishimishije cyane. Uturemangingo twa T dufite igice cyihariye ku buso bwatwo cyitwa CD4 receptor . Ibi ni nk'urufunguzo rw'umuryango. Dufite kandi indi molecule yihariye mu mubiri wacu yitwa MHC class II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex II molecules).Izi molekile za MHC zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri ni zo za mbere "zumva" ko hari ubwandu cyangwa ikintu cy’amahanga cyinjiye mu mubiri wacu. Hanyuma, receptor ya CD4 na molekile ya MHC zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri birakorana. Ni nko gushyira urufunguzo no gufungura urugi. Icyo gihe uturemangingo twa T dufasha tuba dukora . Iyo tumaze gukora, utwo turemangingo twa T dufasha dusohora ubutumwa bw’ibinyabutabire bwitwa cytokines . Izi cytokines ni zo zohereza ubutumwa ku zindi selile zirinda indwara, "Tugomba gutangira urugamba ubu!"Ni gute selile za Helper T na selile za Cytotoxic T bikora hamwe?
Aba bombi ni nk'amakipe abiri akorana. Sitokine zirekurwa n'uturemangingo twa T dufasha mu gukora uturemangingo twa T duhumanya . Ni nk'aho bavuga bati: "Sawa, noneho ni igihe cyawe, genda ukore akazi kawe!" Uturemangingo twa T duhumanya hanyuma dusohora imiti yatwo yihariye kugira ngo turwanye ubwandu. Dushobora kandi kumenya uturemangingo twanduye, tukatwica ako kanya, kandi tukabuza ubwandu gukwirakwira. Reba ukuntu gukorera hamwe ari byiza!Ni hehe mu mubiri wacu izi selile T zifasha ziboneka cyane?
Uturemangingo twa T dutangira gukura mu gice cy’amagufwa yacu kimeze nk’ikinyabutabire cyitwa umwongo w’amagufwa . Hanyuma, iyo tukiri bato, ni ukuvuga iyo tugenda dukura, tujya mu gahu kitwa thymus . Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, thymus iba nk'"ishuri" ry'utu turemangingo twa T. Aho niho utwo turemangingo dukura kandi tugatozwa neza. Icy'ingenzi cyane, thymus yigisha utu turemangingo twa T kumenya neza uturemangingo two mu mubiri wacu ari utwacu n'utwo dukoko twaturutse hanze . Ibi ni ingenzi cyane, bitabaye ibyo dushobora kwibasira uturemangingo twacu. Iyo imyitozo irangiye, utwo turemangingo tuzenguruka umubiri wacu wose tuva muri thymus. Hariho umubare munini w'uturemangingo twa T mu buryo bwa lymphatic . By'umwihariko, uturemangingo twa T dushobora kuboneka mu bwinshi muri:- Umworo w'amagufwa
- Amara
- Ibihaha
- Uduce tw’umurabyo - Iyo ufite umuriro, turabyimba kandi bigatera utubyimba mu ijosi no mu kwaha.
- Umugongo
- Tonsils - Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'uturemangingo mu muhogo wawe.
Ni izihe ndwara zigira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa T dufasha?
Ikibabaje ni uko hari n'indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'utu turemangingo twa T tw'ingenzi cyane. Zimwe muri zo ni:- Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri:Iyi ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bwibasira uturemangingo twacu tuzima. Impinduka mu mikorere y'uturemangingo twa T dushobora kuba ari zo zibitera.
- Leukemia itera kanseri y'imitsi: Iyi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri itangirira mu maraso no mu musemburo w'amagufwa.
- Lymphoma ya Hodgkin y'abantu bakuru: Iyi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri itangirira mu mitsi.
- VIH: Iyi ni virusi yibasira uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru, cyane cyane uturemangingo twa CD4 dufasha. Ibi bishobora gutuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugabanuka bigatera indwara yitwa SIDA .
- Indwara y'akazi: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri itera indwara nyinshi.
- Thymic aplasia: Iyi ni indwara ibaho umwana akivuka iyo thymus idakura neza. Kutagira thymus ikwiye bituma T-cells idakura neza.
Ibintu byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bukomeze kubaho neza
Hari ibintu bike byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwacu bwose bw'umubiri, harimo n'uturemangingo twa T dufasha, bukomeze kandi bugire ubuzima bwiza. Kubikurikiza bizadufasha cyane mu kuturinda indwara.- Gabanya kunywa inzoga: Irinde inzoga uko bishoboka kose, cyangwa uzikoreshe mu rugero ruto cyane.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye: Kurya indyo irimo imbuto, imboga, ibinyampeke byuzuye, poroteyine zidafite ibinure byinshi, n'ibinure byiza.
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Kora ibintu nk'imyitozo ngororamubiri yongera imbaraga, yongera ubushobozi bwo koroherwa no guhumeka cyane buri munsi.
- Sinzira neza: Gira nibura amasaha arindwi kugeza ku munani buri joro.
- Irinde kunywa itabi: Niba unywa itabi, hagarika. Niba waratangiye, ntugatangire.
- Karaba intoki zawe kenshi: Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi kugira ngo wirinde mikorobe.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)
Noneho rero, ubu usobanukiwe akamaro k'uturemangingo twa T Helper T mu buvuzi bwacu bw'umubiri. Tumeze nk'abayobozi b'abahanga mu ngabo z'umubiri wacu. Iyo haje ubwandu, utu turemangingo twa T Helper ni two tububona, hamwe n'utundi turemangingo tw'intambara (uturemangingo twa T turenganya na B turenganya), dufata iya mbere mu kurwanya ubwo bwandu.Ese ntibitangaje kuba imibiri yacu ifite sisitemu itangaje yo kuturinda, nubwo tutabizi? Kubwibyo, twagombye no gushishikazwa no kugumana iyi sisitemu y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri imeze neza. Uburyo bwiza bwo kubikora ni ukubaho ubuzima bwiza. Hanyuma uturemangingo twa T dufasha natwo dushobora gukora akazi katwo neza!Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!
Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, uturemangingo twa T, uturemangingo twa T dufasha, ubuzima, indwara, indwara zandura, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
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