Ese hari ahantu hamwe na hamwe mu mubiri wawe hari ibinya cyangwa ububabare? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara z'uruhu!

Ese wigeze wibaza impamvu rimwe na rimwe ugira ibinya cyangwa ububabare mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri wawe? Cyangwa wumva udashobora kumva ikintu na kimwe ahantu hamwe na hamwe? Impamvu y'ibi bintu ishobora kuba ifitanye isano n'indwara z'uruhu zo mu mubiri wawe. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye kandi bw'ikinyabupfura.

Dermatome ni iki?

Mu magambo make, dermatome ni agace runaka k'uruhu ku mubiri wawe. Aka gace gafitanye isano itaziguye n'umutsi runaka wo mu ruti rw'umugongo wawe. Tekereza ko uyu mutsi wo mu ruti rw'umugongo ari wo nzira nyamukuru y'itumanaho ijyana amakuru ava kuri iyo dermatome mu bwonko bwawe, kandi akava mu bwonko bwawe akagaruka muri ako gace.

Ni nk'umuhanda w'inzira ebyiri. Ubwonko bwawe bwohereza ibimenyetso kuri dermatomes, ari naho ushobora kugenzura imitsi yawe. Kandi imitsi iri muri dermatomes yohereza ibimenyetso mu bwonko, ari naho wumva ibintu nko gukoraho, ubushyuhe, ubukonje, n'ububabare. Ariko, mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, iyi sano ishobora kugarukira ku ruhande rumwe, cyangwa se igahagarara burundu.

Kuki dermatomes ari ingenzi kuri wowe no kwa muganga wawe?

Dermatome ni ubwoko bw'ingingo zitanga ibimenyetso by'ingirakamaro ku baganga mu gihe bagerageza gusuzuma cyangwa kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe. Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, tekereza ko umugongo wawe ari inzira nini. Iyi nzira niho ibimenyetso byinshi by'imitsi binyura hagati y'umubiri wawe n'ubwonko bwawe.

Imitsi yawe y'umugongo ni nk'imihanda iri hejuru n'inyuma y'uyu muhanda. Niho ibimenyetso by'imitsi byinjira n'isohoka. Niba rero udashobora kugenzura imitsi yawe mu gice runaka cy'umubiri wawe, cyangwa udashobora kumva ubushyuhe, gukoraho, cyangwa ububabare, bivuze ko hari ikibazo mu mitsi y'umugongo. Ni nk'aho imihanda iri hejuru n'inyuma yafunzwe, kandi nta bimenyetso byinjiye cyangwa bisohoka.

Dermatome ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi gifasha abaganga kumenya niba hari ikibazo ku magufwa y'umugongo wawe, uruti rw'umugongo, imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa amashami y'imitsi ahuzwa nabyo. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'imitsi cyangwa dermatome zafashwe, abaganga bashobora kwemeza ko hari indwara zimwe na zimwe kandi bagasuzuma indwara ikwiye kugira ngo igufashe vuba bishoboka.

Dermatomes ziherereye he?

Dermatome ni ibice by'uruhu rwawe bicungwa n'imitsi ihuza n'umugongo wawe. Ibyo bivuze ko umubiri wawe wose wuzuyemo dermatome, uretse mu maso hawe. Imitsi yo mu maso yawe itandukanye gato, kuko idaca mu mugongo wawe.

Nanone, bitewe n'uburyo imitsi yo mu mugongo wawe ifatanye, hari aho ihurira, bivuze ko hari ahantu hamwe hahurira, hagati y'uruhu rumwe n'uruhu rumwe rukikije.Rero, ibyiyumvo wumva muri dermatome runaka binyura mu mitsi myinshi y'uruti rw'umugongo icyarimwe.

Kugira ngo usobanukirwe uko dermatome ziherereye, ugomba kubanza kumenya bike ku miterere y'umugongo. Umugongo wawe ugizwe n'amagufwa mato (vertebrae) afatanye. Imitsi yawe y'uruti rw'umugongo, igabanyijemo impande z'iburyo n'iz'ibumoso, isohoka mu cyuho kiri hagati y'ayo magufwa.

Hari ibice bitanu by'ingenzi by'umugongo wawe:

• Uruti rw'umugongo: Uru ruherereye mu ijosi ryawe. Rurimo amagufwa arindwi y'umugongo n'imitsi umunani y'umugongo.
• Uruti rw'igituza: Aha niho umugongo wawe wo hejuru n'uwo hagati ugizwe. Urimo amagufwa cumi n'abiri y'umugongo n'imitsi cumi n'ibiri y'umugongo.
• Uruti rw'umugongo: Uru ruherereye mu mugongo wawe wo hasi, cyangwa mu mugongo wo hasi. Rurimo amagufwa atanu y'umugongo n'imitsi itanu y'umugongo.
• Uruti rw'umugongo: Iki ni igice cy'umugongo wawe gihuza n'igufwa ryawe ry'ikibuno. Hariho amagufwa atanu y'umugongo (akunze kwihuza uko ukura), kandi hari n'amagufwa atanu y'umugongo.
• Uruti rw'umugongo rwa Coccygeal: Aha niho igufwa ry'umurizo wawe (coccyx) ribera. Rifite amagufwa ane y'umugongo - akunze kwihuza iyo umuntu akuze - n'imitsi ibiri y'umugongo.

Abaganga bavuga imitsi y'umugongo bakoresheje inyuguti n'imibare. Urugero, umutsi wa munani w'umugongo w'inkondo y'umura uhinnye nka `C8`. Iyi mibare y'inyuguti n'imibare ishobora no gusobanura ahantu dermatomes ziherereye.

Dermatomes zifitanye isano n'umugongo w'inkondo y'umura

Imitsi yo mu mugongo wawe w’umura ihura n’indwara zo mu mutwe, mu ijosi, mu bitugu, mu maboko no mu ntoki.

• C1: Abantu benshi ntibagira umutsi wo mu ruti rw'umugongo wa `C1`, bivuze ko badafite dermatome ya `C1`. Ku bayifite, iba iri hagati mu gice cy'inyuma cy'umutwe.
• Kuva kuri C2 kugeza kuri C3: Igice cyo hejuru cy'ijosi, agace gato k'agasaya munsi y'amatwi, n'inyuma y'umutwe.
• Kuva kuri C3 kugeza kuri C4: Ijosi ryo hasi, igituza cyo hejuru, n'umugongo wo hejuru.
• Kuva kuri C4 kugeza kuri C5: Ku rutugu no ku kuboko ko hejuru.
• Kuva kuri C5 kugeza kuri C6: Uruhande rw'igikumwe cy'ukuboko n'ukuboko, n'igikumwe ubwacyo.
• Kuva kuri C6 kugeza kuri C7: Uruhande rw'igikumwe cy'ukuboko n'urutoki rw'imbere, urutoki rwo hagati.
• Kuva kuri C6 kugeza kuri C8: Uruhande ruto rw'ukuboko n'ukuboko, kimwe n'urutoki rw'impeta n'urutoki ruto.

Dermatomes zifitanye isano n'umugongo w'igituza

Dermatome zo mu gituza zikunze kuba mu gituza cyawe, ari cyo gituza cyawe, mu nda no mu mugongo. Uretse dermatome `T1` (ziri mu maboko yawe yose) na `T2` (ziri mu maboko yawe yombi no mu gituza), izindi dermatome zo mu gituza ziherereye mu mpande zikikije igituza cyawe.

• Kuva kuri T1 kugeza kuri T2: Uruhande ruto rw'uruhanga n'ukuboko, igituza n'umugongo hejuru gato y'amakwapa.
• Kuva kuri T2 kugeza kuri T3: Uruhande ruto rw'ukuboko ko hejuru, kimwe n'igituza cyo hejuru n'umugongo, hejuru gato y'amakwapa n'amaboko y'urutugu.
• Kuva kuri T3 kugeza kuri T4: Igituza n'umugongo ku rwego rw'amaboko no hagati mu rutugu.
• Kuva kuri T4 kugeza kuri T5: Inkombe yo hasi y'imitsi yo mu gituza n'igice cyo hasi cy'amaboko y'urutugu.
• Kuva kuri T6 kugeza kuri T7: Ku rwego rwo hasi rw'inkombe y'igufwa ry'ibere/ibere.
• Kuva kuri T7 kugeza kuri T8: Ku rwego rw'inkombe z'igice cyo hasi cy'imbavu.
• Kuva kuri T8 kugeza kuri T9: Igice cyo hejuru cy'igifu, harimo n'igice cyo hejuru cy'imitsi yo mu nda.
• Kuva kuri T9 kugeza kuri T10: Hejuru gato no ku rwego rw'umukondo, no mu gice cyo hejuru-hagati cy'inyuma.
• Kuva kuri T10 kugeza kuri T11: Ku rwego rw'imbavu no munsi yazo gato, no hagati mu mugongo wo hagati.
• Kuva kuri T11 kugeza kuri T12: Igice cyo hasi cyane cy'inda, hejuru gato y'urwego rw'amagufwa yo mu kibuno (pelvis), n'igice cyo hasi cy'umugongo wo hagati.

Dermatomes zifitanye isano n'umugongo wo mu ruhu

Dermatome zo mu ruti rw'umugongo wawe zihuza n'ibice byo mu kibuno cyawe, amaguru, n'ibirenge.

• Kuva kuri L1 kugeza kuri L2: Hejuru y'ikibuno, agace k'igitsina, umugongo muto, n'imyanya ndangagitsina (`(igitsina)`, `(amabya)`, `(igitsina)`).
• Kuva kuri L2 kugeza kuri L3: Imitsi yo mu itako ryo hejuru no mu kibuno, no hagati mu gice cyo hasi cy'umugongo.
• Kuva kuri L3 kugeza kuri L4: Imitsi iri imbere n'inyuma y'ikibero (quadriceps), ivi, impera y'ukuguru hejuru y'ivi, n'umugongo wo hagati kugeza hasi.
• Kuva kuri L4 kugeza kuri L5: Ivi n'imbere y'ivi, impande z'imbere z'imitsi y'inyana n'ubuso bw'ikirenge hagati n'imbere, harimo n'ikirenge kinini n'amano ya kabiri n'aya gatatu.

Dermatomes zifitanye isano n'umugongo wa sacral na coccygeal

Dermatome z'imitsi yo mu bwonko bwa triceps zirimo ibice by'amatako yawe n'inyuma y'amaguru yawe. Imitsi yo mu bwonko ya triceps ifite umutsi umwe gusa w'uruti rw'umugongo, bityo ikaba ifite dermatome imwe gusa ifitanye isano nayo.

• Kuva kuri S1 kugeza kuri S2: Igice cyo hejuru cy'amatako (harimo n'ikirenge cy'umugongo), igice cyo hagati n'inyuma cy'itako n'imitsi y'inyana, igice cy'inyuma cy'akaguru, n'amano ya kane n'aya gatanu.
• Kuva kuri S2 kugeza kuri S3: Agace gahagaze kamanuka hagati mu matako, kamanuka kanyuze mu gice cyo hagati cy'inyuma y'itako no mu gice cyo hejuru n'icyo hagati cy'amagufwa y'inyama z'impyiko.
• S3 no munsi yayo:Imitsi yose y'uruti rw'umugongo kuva kuri S3 kugeza hasi (harimo n'imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo rwa sacral) ihuza imyanya ndangagitsina yawe, ikibuno, n'agace k'uruhu kari hagati y'ibice byombi (perineum).

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira dermatomes?

Nubwo dermatome ari ibice by'uruhu, indwara zibigiraho ingaruka akenshi ziterwa n'ibibazo byimbitse mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bibazo bigira ingaruka ku dermatome kuko bigira ingaruka ku mitsi runaka y'uruti rw'umugongo cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo muri ako gace. Muri iki gihe, nubwo ibyangiritse biba ari agace gato cyane, ingaruka zikwirakwira muri dermatome zangiritse.

Zimwe mu mpamvu zishobora gutera ubu bwoko bw'ibyangirika cyangwa ingaruka ni izi:

• Ibikomere: Umuzi umwe cyangwa myinshi y'imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa dermatome imwe cyangwa nyinshi, bishobora kwibasirwa n'igikomere ku ruti rw'umugongo rwawe. Impamvu nyamukuru z'ibi bikomere ni impanuka z'imodoka, ibikomere byinjira mu mubiri nko gukomeretswa n'icyuma cyangwa ibikomere by'amasasu, ndetse n'imvune z'uruti rw'umugongo ziterwa no kugwa. Ibikomere byo mu gihe cyo kuvuka cyangwa mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuzima nabyo bishobora kubitera (urugero , ubumuga bwo mu bwonko ).
• Ibibyimba by'umugongo, harimo na kanseri: Iyi ishobora kuba kanseri ikura ku mugongo cyangwa hafi yawo, cyangwa ishobora kuba kanseri itangirira ahandi mu mubiri ikagera ku mugongo.
• Ibisebe cyangwa utwobo twuzuyemo amazi: Iyo ibi bikikije uruti rw'umugongo, iyo ndwara yitwa syringomyelia .
• Indwara: Izi zishobora kwibasira uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi, cyangwa zishobora gutera ububyimbirwe no kubyimba. Kubera ko nta mwanya munini wo kubyimba hafi y'uruti rw'umugongo wawe, ubwo bubyimbirwe bushobora gushyira igitutu kinini ku mitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo ubwarwo.
• Ischema: Kimwe n'izindi ngingo zose mu mubiri, uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo bikenera amaraso. Amaraso ashobora kubura iyo umutsi w'amaraso uzibye cyangwa iyo umutsi w'amaraso uturitse.
• Indwara zo mu muryango: Izi ni indwara uvukana. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zivukana zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'umugongo wawe, uruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo. Urugero, indwara nka myelomeningocele cyangwa spina bifida .

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by’indwara zifata dermatomes?

Indwara zifata dermatome ziterwa n'ihungabana ry'imitsi yawe cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo. Iri hungabana rishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye . Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:

• Ibimenyetso by'imitsi (bifitanye isano no kugenda)
• Ibimenyetso by'amarangamutima (bifitanye isano no gukorakoraho)
• Ibimenyetso by’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri (bifitanye isano n’imikorere y’umubiri ubwayo)

Ibimenyetso by'imitsi

• Uburemere bw'imitsi cyangwa ubumuga.
• Imikorere y'imitsi idacunzwe neza ( yaba imitsi idakora cyangwa ibikorwa bidacunzwe neza).
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi ( gutakaza imitsi no kugabanuka kw'imitsi bitewe no kuyikoresha).

Ibimenyetso by'ibyumviro

• Kubabara mu mutwe (Kubabara mu mutwe).
• Gucika intege.
• Ububabare.

Ibimenyetso by'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri

Imikorere y’umubiri ihoraho, waba ubitekerezaho cyangwa utabitekerezaho. Iyi mirimo ni ingenzi kuko ifasha mu kubungabunga no kugenzura umubiri wawe. Iyo kwangirika bibangamiye imikorere y’umubiri ijya kuri dermatome, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umubiri wawe udashobora kugenzura imikorere muri ako gace. Urugero:

• Kubira ibyuya byinshi (Hyperhidrosis) cyangwa kubura ibyuya (Anhidrosis).
• Ibibazo byo kugenzura imitsi yo mu ruhago rwawe cyangwa mu mara, bivuze ko udashobora kugenzura inkari zawe (kutagira igenzura ry’inkari) cyangwa kwituma (kutagira igenzura ry’inkari).
• Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakora neza.

Ni ibihe bipimo bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibibazo bijyanye n'indwara z'uruhu?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma cyangwa gusuzuma ibibazo by’imitsi yo mu ruti rw’umugongo wawe hamwe n’indwara z’uruhu zifitanye isano na byo. Ibizamini bikunze gukoreshwa ni ibizamini byo gufata amashusho n’ibizamini byo kuyobora imitsi. Bimwe muri byo birimo:

• Gupima CT (CT scans).
• Gupima MRI (Isuzuma rya Magnetic Resonance (MRI)).
• Gupima Cisternogram.
• Ibipimo bya Electromyogram (EMG).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara z'uruhu?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo ndetse n'indwara ziterwa na zo biterwa n'imiterere y'indwara n'imimerere y'icyo gihe. Kubera ko uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gutandukana cyane, umuganga ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira uburyo bwo kuvura buhari n'uburyo bwiza kurusha ubundi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga niba ufite impungenge.

Ni iki wakora kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bijyanye n'indwara z'uruhu?

Dermatome ni nk'ibimenyetso by'uko uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo bikora. Rero, kugira ngo ubyiteho, ugomba kubanza kwita ku mugongo wawe. Ibi bintu wibuke ku buzima bw'imitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo:

• Koresha ibikoresho by'umutekano, nk'imikandara y'umutekano, nk'uko byasabwe. Impanuka z'imodoka ni zo zitera imvune zo mu mugongo. Imikandara y'umutekano n'ibindi bikoresho by'umutekano bishobora gufasha mu gukumira imvune zikomeye.
• Terura neza. Guterura ukoresheje amaguru yawe aho guterura umugongo wawe bishobora gufasha kwirinda imvune ku mugongo wawe no ku mitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo (nk'ikibyimba cy'umugongo cya herniated) . Niba ufite amateka yo kugira ibibazo by'umugongo, cyane cyane niba ukora akazi gasaba guterura, cyangwa niba uterura ibyuma mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri, ushobora kwambara igitambaro gishyigikira umugongo.
• Witondere cyane iyo ukoresha imbunda. Amasasu ni impamvu ikunze gutera imvune mu ruti rw'umugongo. Ugomba kwitonda cyane iyo ukoresha imbunda ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose. Nubwo waba uzi neza ko zidapakiye imizigo 100 ku ijana, zifate nk'aho zipakiye. Nanone, imbunda zigomba kubikwa zifunguye, zifite agafunga k'imbunda, kandi kure y'abana. Ni byiza kandi kubika amasasu ahantu hiherereye, hafunze kandi hafunze.
• Fata ingamba zo kwirinda kugwa. Ibikoresho by'umutekano, cyane cyane imigozi yo kwirinda, ni ingenzi mu gihe ukorera ahantu hirengeye. Intambwe zigomba kandi gufatwa kugira ngo wirinde kugwa mu rugo, cyane cyane ku madarajya no mu bwiherero. Urugero, harimo gushyiraho imigozi yo gufata ku nkuta, gukoresha inkweto zidatemba n'ubutaka, no gukuraho ibyago bishobora gutemba ku madarajya.
• Shyira imbere ubuzima bw'amagufwa. Indwara zijyanye no gutakaza amagufwa, nka osteoporosis na osteopenia, zishobora gutera kuvunika kw'umugongo. Izi mvune zishobora kwangiza cyane uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo.
• Guhagarara nabi ni ingenzi. Guhagarara nabi, haba kwicara cyangwa guhagarara, bishobora kugutera umugongo ukabije. Ibi bishobora gutera umuvuduko ku ruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo. Urugero ni imitsi ipfutse .

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyo kwibuka muri iyi nkuru

Dermatome ni nk'ikarita y'umugongo wawe n'imitsi myinshi iwuhuza, ikakubwira ubuzima n'imikorere y'umubiri wawe. Ku bantu benshi, dermatome ni ikindi gisobanuro cy'uko umubiri ukora, kandi ntibabitekerezaho mu bundi buryo. Ariko, dermatome ni uburyo bw'ingenzi abaganga bakoresha mu gusuzuma ibibazo by'ubuzima, cyane cyane ibifitanye isano n'umugongo, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo. Gufata ingamba zo kurinda no kubungabunga ubuzima bw'uruti rw'umugongo wawe bishobora kugufasha kwirinda indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku ruhu rw'umugongo wawe. Rero, menya neza ko wita ku mubiri wawe kandi ugashaka inama za muganga niba wumva hari ikintu kidasanzwe.

"Dermatomes, imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo, kumva uruhu, imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo, indwara z'imitsi, ububabare, gucika intege