Ese wigeze utekereza ku mibare y’utunyabuzima duto dusangiye isi yacu? Utu tunyabuzima duto twitwa " udukoko ." Nubwo bimwe bishobora gutera indwara , ibindi mu by’ukuri bigira uruhare runini. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku tunyabuzima duto abo ari bo, uko tukugiraho ingaruka, n’uko ushobora kuguma mu mutekano—bisobanurwa mu buryo bworoshye, nk’uko uganira n’inshuti yawe.
Udukoko ni iki? Ibisobanuro byoroshye
Muri make, mikorobe ni utunyabuzima duto tutabonwa n'amaso. Abaganga bazita mikorobe cyangwa mikorobe. Ni nto cyane ku buryo ibihumbi byazo bishobora gukwira ku gahanga k'agapira utabizi.
Tekereza kuri ibi: mikorobe ziri ahantu hose! Ziba mu mwuka uhumeka, mu mazi unywa, mu butaka, mu byo urya, ndetse no mu kintu cyose ukoraho. Ndetse ziba no mu mubiri wawe. Ibyo ntibitangaje?
Ariko, si mikorobe zose zaba mbi. Zimwe muri zo mu by’ukuri ni ingirakamaro cyane. Urugero, bagiteri runaka ziba mu mara yawe zigufasha gusya ibyo urya. Byongeye kandi, mikorobe nyinshi zifasha zikora nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda, zikarinda abangiza kuzifata.
Ariko, hari mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera indwara n'izindi ndwara. Iyo izi mikorobe mbi zinjiye mu mubiri wawe, ni bwo urwara. Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda ko izi mikorobe zakwirakwira ni ugukaraba intoki zawe neza kandi kenshi.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'imiti?
Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe. Reka turebe buri bumwe muri bwo neza.
| Ubwoko bw'umugera | Ibisobanuro | Ingero / Ubuvuzi |
|---|---|---|
| Bagiteri | Udukoko dufite utunyangingo kamwe. Tumwe ni ingirakamaro, mu gihe utundi dutanga uburozi. | Imihogo iterwa n'imitsi, UTI. Uburyo bwo kuyivura: Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge. |
| Virusi | Uduce tutari utw'ingirabuzimafatizo dukenera uturemangingo tuzima kugira ngo tubeho kandi twongere twiyongere. | Ibicurane bisanzwe, ibicurane, iseru. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi. |
| Ibihumyo | Utunyabuzima twinshi, gisa n'ibimera. Bikunda kubaho neza ahantu hashyushye kandi hatose. | Indwara z'umusemburo, ikirenge cy'umukinnyi. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti irwanya fungal. |
| Protozoa | Udukoko dufite utunyangingo kamwe gusa n'utunyangingo tw'inyamaswa. Akenshi dukwirakwira mu mazi yanduye. | Malariya, toxoplasmose. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti irwanya udukoko. |
Udukoko twavumbuwe ryari?
Inkuru y’ivumburwa ry’udukoko iratangira mu binyejana byinshi. Ahagana mu 1676, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w’Umuholandi witwaga Antonie van Leeuwenhoek yabonye bwa mbere bagiteri akoresheje mikorosikopi ya kera yiyubakiye. Uko mikorosikopi yagendaga itera imbere, twamenye byinshi.
Mu 1857, umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Umufaransa Louis Pasteur yagaragaje ko kwangirika kw’ibiryo guterwa n’umwanda wa mikorobe. Ibi byatumye habaho " Ingingo y’Ubudage ku Bidwara ," yashimangiye ko indwara zishobora gutera indwara n’ibindi. Mbere y’ibi, abahanga mu bya siyansi bizeraga "ivuka ryihariye" - igitekerezo cy’uko ibintu bifite ubuzima bishobora kuva mu bintu bidafite ubuzima. Tekereza uburyo tubona isi mu buryo butandukanye ubu!
Udukoko dutera indwara gisa gute?
Udukoko twinshi ntitugaragara n'amaso kuko ari duto cyane. Ukoresheje mikorosikopi, urashobora kubona ko tuza mu buryo butandukanye, nk'utubumbe duto, inkoni, cyangwa uruziga. Ni duto cyane ku buryo ushobora gushyira hafi 1.000 muri two hejuru y'agacupa k'ikaramu.
Udukoko dukwirakwira gute?
Hari uburyo bwinshi mikorobe zigendamo. Dore uburyo bukunze kugaragara cyane:
- Binyuze mu gukoranaho: Gukorakora, gusomana, cyangwa gusangira ibikoresho n'umuntu wanduye.
- Binyuze mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero: Guhumeka umwuka nyuma y'uko umuntu uri hafi yawe yitsamuye cyangwa akoroye.
- Binyuze mu kwanduzanya umwanda no mu kanwa: Kunanirwa gukaraba intoki neza nyuma yo guhindura imyenda cyangwa gukoresha ubwiherero, hanyuma ukikora ku mazuru, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu maso.
- Unyuze ku bintu byanduye: Gukora ku bintu bisanzwe (nk'imigozi) hanyuma ugakora ku maso.
Udukoko dushobora kandi gukwirakwira binyuze muri:
- Gutwita cyangwa kubyara kuva ku mubyeyi kugeza ku mwana.
- Kurumwa n'inyamaswa cyangwa kurumwa n'udukoko.
- Ubutaka, ibiryo, cyangwa amasoko y'amazi yanduye.
Ni gute dushobora gusenya imikorobe?
Si ibintu byose bishobora kwica ubwoko bwose bw'udukoko, ariko bumwe mu buryo busanzwe ni ingirakamaro cyane:
- Peroxide ya Hydrogen : Yego, yica neza bagiteri na virusi nyinshi ku buso budafite imyenge.
- Inzoga yo gukaraba: Yego, harimo n'imiti isukura intoki irimo nibura 70% bya isopropyl alcohol.
- Vinegere: Oya. Vinegere ntishobora kwica bagiteri nyinshi cyangwa virusi zisanzwe, harimo na virusi isanzwe y'ibicurane cyangwa COVID-19 .
- Ubushyuhe: Yego. Ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 60 (140°F) cyangwa irenga bushobora kwica virusi nyinshi.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
Muri make, dore icy'ingenzi cyane cyo kwibuka:
- Udukoko ni ibinyabuzima bito cyane biboneka ahantu hose.
- Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi: bagiteri, virusi, fungi , na protozoa.
- Nubwo hari mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zifasha, izindi zishobora gutera indwara.
- Uburyo bworoshye kandi bwiza bwo kwirinda ikwirakwira rya mikorobe ni ugukaraba intoki zawe neza n'isabune.
- Guma mu rugo niba wumva umeze nabi kugira ngo urinde abandi.
- Niba udashobora gukaraba intoki zawe, koresha umuti wica udukoko urimo alukolo.
Ukoresheje izi ngeso zoroshye, ushobora kwirinda indwara nyinshi kandi ugakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ese ibyo bifite ishingiro?
