Ese wigeze wibaza umubare w'utundi tunyabuzima duto tuba muri iyi si hamwe natwe? Utu tunyabuzima duto rimwe na rimwe tudutera kurwara , ariko rimwe na rimwe tukadufasha, ni two twita " udukoko ." None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri utwo tunyabuzima, abo ari bo, uko dutera ingaruka, n'uburyo bwo kwirinda. Reka dusobanukirwe ibi bintu mu buryo bworoshye, kimwe no kuvugana n'inshuti.
Izi mikorobe ni izihe? Reka tuzisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!
Muri make, mikorobe ni itsinda ry'ibinyabuzima bito cyane ku buryo amaso yacu atabibona. Abaganga babyita "Mikorobe" cyangwa "Mikorobe". Ni bito cyane ku buryo rimwe na rimwe tudashobora kubibona, kabone n'iyo byaba biri hamwe mu bihumbi.
Tekereza gato, izi mikorobe ziri ahantu hose! Zishobora kuba mu mwuka uhumeka, mu mazi unywa, mu butaka, mu byo urya, no mu byo ukoraho byose. Ziba mu mibiri yacu no ku ruhu rwacu. Ese ibyo ntibitangaje?
Ariko, si mikorobe zose ari mbi. Hari mikorobe zigira akamaro kanini ku mibiri yacu. Urugero, hari ubwoko bwa bagiteri mu mara yacu zidufasha gusya ibiryo. Nanone, hari mikorobe nziza zifasha gukumira mikorobe mbi kwinjira mu mubiri.
Ariko, hari mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zishobora kutugira indwara n'ubwandu. Iyo izi mikorobe mbi zinjiye mu mibiri yacu ni bwo turwara. Rero, uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry'izo mikorobe ni ugukaraba intoki zawe buri gihe kandi neza.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe?
Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe. Reka tuvuge kuri buri bwoko mu buryo burambuye.
| Ubwoko bw'umugera | Ibisobanuro | Ingero / Uburyo bwo kuvura |
|---|---|---|
| Bagiteri | Utunyabuzima tugizwe n'akaremangingo kamwe. Bimwe ni ingirakamaro naho ibindi bitanga uburozi. | Indwara zo mu muhogo, indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge. |
| Virusi | Uduce tutari utw'ingirabuzimafatizo dukenera uturemangingo tuzima kugira ngo tubeho kandi twororoke. | Ibicurane, ibicurane, iseru. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi. |
| Ibihumyo | Utunyangingo twinshi, tumeze nk'ibimera, dukunda gutura ahantu hashyushye kandi hakonje. | Indwara z'umusemburo, ikirenge cy'umukinnyi. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti irwanya fungal. |
| Protozoa | Udukoko dufite utunyangingo duto, nk'utunyangingo tw'inyamaswa. Akenshi dukwirakwizwa n'amazi yanduye. | Malariya, toxoplasmose. Uburyo bwo kuvura: Imiti irwanya udukoko. |
Iyi mikorobe yavumbuwe ryari?
Inkuru y'udukoko iratangira mu myaka amagana ishize. Ahagana mu 1676, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w'Umuholandi Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ni we wa mbere wavumbuye bagiteri akoresheje mikorosikopi ya kera. Kuva icyo gihe, uko mikorosikopi yagiye itera imbere, havumbuwe izindi nyinshi.
Mu 1857, umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Umufaransa Louis Pasteur yagaragaje ko ibiryo byangirika kuko byandujwe na mikorobe. Ibi byatumye agira " Ingingo y’Ubudage ku Bihe by’Indwara ." Iyi ni inyigisho ivuga ko indwara n’indwara biterwa na mikorobe zitwa "udukoko." Mbere y’uko ibi bivumburwa, abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeraga ikintu cyitwa "ivuka ry’umuntu ku giti cye." Iyi ni inyigisho ivuga ko ibintu bifite ubuzima bishobora kuva ku bintu bidafite ubuzima. Tekereza uko abantu batekerezaga icyo gihe!
Mu by'ukuri mikorobe zisa zite?
Mikorobe nyinshi ntizigaragara ku maso yacu kuko ari nto cyane. Iyo uzirebye ukoresheje mikorosikopi, zisa n'udupira duto, inkoni, cyangwa uruziga. Ni nto cyane, ushobora gushyira mikorobe zigera ku 1.000 hejuru y'agahanagura k'ikaramu!
Ni gute izi mikorobe ziva ahantu hamwe zijya ahandi?
Hari uburyo bwinshi mikorobe zishobora gukwirakwiramo. Reka turebe bumwe muri bwo:
- Mu gukorakora cyangwa kuba hafi y'umuntu ufite mikorobe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo guhoberana, gusomana, cyangwa gukoresha ibintu yakoresheje, nk'amasahani n'ibikombe.
- Mu guhumeka umwuka nyuma y'uko umuntu urwaye mikorobe yitsamuye cyangwa akoroye.
- Ishobora kwanduzwa no gukora ku mwanda w'umuntu ufite mikorobe. Ishobora kandi guterwa no guhindura umwana ipantaro no gukora ku mazuru, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu maso udakaraba intoki neza.
- Mu gukora ku bintu bifite mikorobe, hanyuma ugakora ku mazuru, ku munwa, cyangwa ku maso. Tekereza uramutse ukoze ku ntebe muri bisi hanyuma ukarya n'ukuboko kumwe?
Udukoko dushobora gukwirakwira muri ubu buryo:
- Kuva ku mubyeyi kugeza ku mwana, haba mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa kubyara.
- Kuva ku kurumwa n'inyamaswa, kurumwa n'udukoko.
- Biturutse ku butaka bwanduye, ibimera, ibiryo, cyangwa amazi.
Ni iki gishobora kwica mikorobe?
Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kwica mikorobe, ariko hari n'ibindi bitashobora.
- Peroxide ya Hydrogen : Yego. Ishobora kwica ubwoko bwinshi bwa mikorobe, harimo na bagiteri na virusi, ku buso budafite imyenge.
- Inzoga zo mu bwoko bwa “Scraping Alcohol” : Yego. Imiti isukura intoki, harimo n’irimo nibura 70% (Isopropyl Alcohol) ishobora kwica mikorobe.
- Vinegere: Oya. Vinegere ntiyica bagiteri nyinshi na virusi, harimo virusi ya grippe na coronavirus .
- Ubushyuhe: Yego. Ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 60 (dogere selisiyusi 140 Fahrenheit) cyangwa irenga bushobora kwica virusi nyinshi.
Ibintu byo kwibuka muri make
Noneho rero, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twaganiriyeho uyu munsi:
- Udukoko ni utunyabuzima duto cyane udashobora kubona. Turi ahantu hose.
- Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe: bagiteri, virusi, fungi , na protozoa.
- Mikorobe zimwe na zimwe ziradufasha, ariko zimwe zitera indwara.
- Uburyo bwiza kandi bworoshye bwo kwirinda ikwirakwira rya mikorobe ni ugukaraba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi buri gihe.
- Guma mu rugo igihe urwaye kandi urinde abandi.
- Niba udashobora gukaraba intoki zawe, koresha umuti wica udukoko urimo alukolo.
Rero, shyira ibi bintu byoroshye mu buzima bwawe kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi utagira abo banzi bato. Hanyuma ushobora kwirinda indwara nyinshi. Urabyumva?
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