Reka twige byose ku gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwawe mu buryo bworoshye.

Ubwonko bwacu ni urugingo rutangaje cyane, si byo se? Nirwo rushinzwe hafi ya byose dutekereza, twumva, kandi dukora. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku gice kimwe cyihariye, cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko. Icyo ni igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko, cyangwa nk'uko abaganga babyita, "Frontal Lobe".

Agace k'ubwonko k'imbere ni iki? Gaherereye he?

Mu magambo make, "Ijisho ry'imbere" ni kimwe mu bice bitanu by'ingenzi by'ubwonko bwawe. Nk'uko izina ribivuga, riherereye imbere y'umutwe wawe. Mu by'ukuri, iki gice cy'ingenzi kiri inyuma y'agahanga kawe. Tekereza nk'"icyumba cyo kugenzura" kiri mu mutwe wawe.

Iyi '(Frontal Lobe)' ikorana n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko. Ikintu cyose dukora tubyitondeye, ni ukuvuga gutekereza no kubara, gufata ibyemezo, iki gice gifasha muri ibi byose. Ku bijyanye n'ingano, abahanga bavuga ko hagati ya 25% na 40% bya '(Cerebral Cortex)', ubuso bwa corrugated buri hejuru y'ubwonko bwacu, bugizwe n'iyi '(Frontal Lobe).' Ni nini gato, si byo se?

None se, iki (Frontal Lobe) kigenda gite? Ni iki gifasha umubiri wacu?

Mu by’ukuri, hari imirimo myinshi ikorwa n’iyi "Frontal Lobe". Reka turebe imwe mu mirimo y’ingenzi:

• Gutekereza: Ibi birimo byose kuva ku gutekereza ku kintu kimwe kugeza ku gusesengura amakuru mu buryo bugoye cyane. Gutekereza mu buryo bwumvikana, kugera ku mwanzuro, gufata ibyemezo, no guhanga ibintu bishya (ubuhanga) byose biri muri iki cyiciro.
• Ubumenyi bw'imibereho: Iyi "(Frontal Lobe)" idufasha gusobanukirwa ibintu nk'amahame yemewe muri sosiyete, uko dukwiye kwitwara, icyiza cyo kuvuga, n'ikibi cyo kuvuga. Ni nk'"icyerekezo cyacu cy'imibereho."
• Imirimo y'ubuyobozi: Ibi bishobora gusa n'aho bigoye, ariko mu magambo make, birimo ibintu nko kwifata, kwirinda, igihe cyo kwita ku kintu, no kwibuka ibintu, ari byo ubushobozi bwo kwibuka amakuru ajyanye n'ikintu runaka mu gihe ugikora.
• Imitsi ikora ku bushake: Imitsi yose ikora ku bushake, nko kuzamura ukuboko, guterura ikintu, cyangwa guhaguruka no kugenda, iyoborwa hano. Nanone, igice cy'ubwonko kigenzura imitsi dukoresha mu kuvuga nacyo kiri muri iyi "Frontal Lobe".
• Kwiga no kwibuka amakuru: Iki gice kigufasha kwiga ikintu gishya, kucyibuka kugira ngo uzagikoreshe nyuma, ndetse no kwibuka ibintu bya kera.

Tekereza gato, iyi "Frontal Lobe" igufasha kuva ubyutse mu gitondo ugategura umunsi wawe, kugeza ugiye ku kazi no gukemura ikibazo, kugeza uganiriye n'inshuti yawe.

Iyi (Frontal Lobe) ikozwe mu ki?

Kimwe n'ubundi bwonko bwacu, "Frontal Lobe" igizwe n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo:

1. Uturemangingo tw’imitsi: Utu ni two turemangingo tw’ingenzi mu bwonko no mu mitsi. Turashobora kohereza ibimenyetso ku tundi turemangingo tw’imitsi. Utu turemangingo tugenda mu turemangingo tw’imitsi nk’ubutumwa bw’amashanyarazi (impulses). Hanyuma, utu turemangingo tw’amashanyarazi duhinduka imiti hanyuma tugasohorwa mu turemangingo tw’imitsi. Uturemangingo tw’imitsi dukurikiraho tumenya iyo miti maze tugashyiraho ikindi kimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi. Uko ni ko ubutumwa bugenda vuba cyane mu bwonko.

2. Uturemangingo twa Glial: Utu ni "uturemangingo tw'ubufasha" tw'imitsi. Ntitwohereza ibimenyetso, ariko dukora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi, nko kubungabunga uturemangingo tw'imitsi, gukuraho imyanda, gutanga imirire, no gukomeza imiterere yayo.

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara zikunze kwibasira igice cyo imbere cy'umutwe?

Indwara hafi ya zose zishobora kwangiza ingirabuzima fatizo z'ubwonko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko. Nanone, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imikurire y'ubwonko zigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubwonko zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bifitanye isano cyane n'igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko. Reka turebe zimwe mu ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri zo:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Ingorane zo kuvuga, cyane cyane `(Expressive aphasia)` cyangwa `(Broca's aphasia)` (aho uba uzi icyo ushaka kuvuga, ariko bikakugora gushyira hamwe amagambo)
• Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD)
• Indwara ya Autism spectrum
• Ibikomere cyangwa kwangirika k'ubwonko (Ibisebe byo mu bwonko) (ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara cyangwa ibintu nk'ukubagwa)
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko (byaba kanseri n'ibitari kanseri)
• Uburozi bwa monoxide ya karuboni
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane indwara zo mu bwonko n'ibindi bikomere bikomeye byo mu bwonko
• Kwangirika kwa kortikobasi
• Indwara yo kwibagirwa imbere n'imbere (urugero, indwara ya Pick)
• Indwara z'uturemangingo (urugero: indwara ya Huntington, indwara ya Wilson)
• Kuribwa umutwe na Migraine
• Uburozi bw'ibyuma biremereye cyangwa kunywa ibindi bintu bihumanya
• Indwara zandurira mu bwonko (cyane cyane indwara zitera umuriro wo mu bwonko, nka encephalite)
• Indwara zo mu mutwe, urugero nk'indwara zo mu mutwe, indwara zo guhangayika, n'indwara zo mu mutwe
• Lewy body dementia
• Indwara zo mu mutwe (cyane cyane indwara zo mu mutwe) n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'igicuri nk'igicuri
• Igitero cy'indwara ya Stroke n'indwara y'ingufu z'igihe gito (TIA)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by'ikibazo cya lobe yo mu mutwe?

Mu by’ukuri, hari ibimenyetso byinshi bishobora guterwa n’ikibazo kiri mu "Frontal Lobe". Hari impamvu ebyiri zituma ibi bimenyetso bitandukanye:

1. Kubera ko "Ijisho ryawe ry'imbere" rikora imirimo myinshi itandukanye.

2. Kubera ko indwara nyinshi zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri iyi "Frontal Lobe".

Ariko, hari ibimenyetso byinshi bikunze kugaragara ku bibazo biri mu "Frontal Lobe":

• Impinduka mu miterere: Ibintu nko kuba umuntu uhora yinangira kurusha mbere, kurakara vuba, no kwitwara nabi.
• Kugorwa no kubona impamvu n'ingaruka, kwibanda ku kintu, gushyira ibintu mu byiciro, gutegura, cyangwa guhindura ibitekerezo kuva ku gikorwa kimwe ujya ku kindi.
• Kudakora neza kw'ubuyobozi: Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, kugorwa no gufata ibyemezo, gutegura no gukomeza kwifata.
• Kugorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima n'ibikorwa, cyane cyane kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibyo uvuga n'ibyo akora.
• Amoko amwe n'amwe yo kubura kwibuka (Amnesia).
• Kugorwa no kwimura imitsi imwe n'imwe, harimo n'imitsi ikoreshwa mu kuvuga.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikunze gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'agace k'imbere k'umubiri?

Abaganga bafite uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ubuzima bw'agace kawe ko imbere. Muri ubu buryo harimo ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara, ibizamini byo muri laboratwari, no gupima amashusho. Ingero zimwe zirimo:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibintu bitandukanye, kuva ku bibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kugeza ku burozi mu mubiri (cyane cyane ibyuma nka umuringa, mercure, na lisansi).
• Gupima CT (Isuzuma rya mudasobwa - Gupima CT)
• Ikizamini cya EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) (reba imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko)
• Ikizamini cya EMG (Electromyogram - ikizamini cyo kuyobora imitsi) (kireba umuvuduko w'ubutumwa bunyura mu mitsi)
• Ibyiza byagaragajwe - ibizamini by'ibyumviro (reba uburyo ibyumviro bijya mu bwonko)
• Gupima MRI (Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance - MRI)
• Gupima indwara z'ubwonko (bipima ibintu nko gutekereza, kwibuka, kwita ku bintu, nibindi)
• Gupima PET (Positron Emission Tomography - Gupima PET)

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara zigira ingaruka ku gice cyo imbere cy'umutwe?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n’indwara yo mu nda bushobora gutandukana kimwe n’uko indwara ubwazo zimeze. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama nziza ku buryo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yawe n’ibyo muganga wawe agusaba. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso.

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngire ubuzima bwiza (Frontal Lobe)?

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe bwose bukomeze kuba bwiza, harimo n'agace k'imbere k'ubwonko. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwirindwa. Nubwo zimwe zidashobora kwirindwa, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara. Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe bukomeze kuba bwiza:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Ibiryo urya bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'imiyoboro y'amaraso. Gutembera neza kw'amaraso ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubwonko bukore neza (urugero, indwara yo gucika intege ni igihe ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amaraso bigira ingaruka ku bwonko). Nanone, vitamine nyinshi cyangwa nke cyane zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko.
• Shaka uburyo bwo kugumana ibiro byiza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ibiro byawe n'urwego rw'imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa gutinza indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko, cyane cyane ibibazo by'umutima n'imitsi nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Ushobora gusaba muganga wawe inama ku buremere bwiza bukwiriye kuri wewe n'icyo wakora kugira ngo ubukomeze. Imyitozo ngororamubiri igira ingaruka ku buzima bw'ubwonko. Ifasha mu gutuma amaraso atembera neza, kandi inafasha ubwonko gukora ibintu byitwa "neurotransmitters".
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda iyo bibaye ngombwa: Kubera ko igice cyawe cy'imbere kiri imbere y'umutwe wawe, uba ushobora kwandura indwara zo mu bwonko no gukomereka mu bwonko. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda nk'ingofero n'imikandara yo mu modoka iyo uri mu modoka.
• Gucunga indwara zawe zidakira: Indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku bwonko zirushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko, iyo uvuwe neza, rimwe na rimwe ushobora kuzihagarika cyangwa ugatinza kuzikomeza. Urugero, indwara nka Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 n'igicuri.

Inkuru ishimishije ivuga ku gasabo k'imbere!

"Ijisho ryawe ry'imbere" niho ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bigenzura uwo uri we, cyane cyane imico yawe n'uko witwara, biherereye. Uburyo utekereza, ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukemura ibibazo, ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubaka imibanire myiza n'abandi, imyitwarire yawe, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gusobanukirwa icyiza n'ikibi byose biterwa n'ibice by'"Ijisho ryawe ry'imbere".

Impuguke zabimenye kubera umuyobozi wa gari ya moshi witwaga Phineas Gage. Mu 1848, inkoni y'icyuma yanyuze mu mutwe wa Gage ubwo haturitswaga igisasu ku kibanza cy'ubwubatsi bwa gari ya moshi, yangiza uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'agace ke k'imbere. Mbere y'impanuka, Gage yari umuyobozi utuje kandi wubahwaga mu bakozi bagenzi be. Mu buryo bw'igitangaza, Gage yarokotse impanuka. Ariko nyuma y'impanuka, imico ye yarahindutse burundu. Yatangiye kurakara, asuzugura, kandi yakundaga gukoresha imvugo mbi.

Ariko, impinduka za Gage ntizari zirambye. Nyuma y'imyaka ine impanuka ibaye, Gage yagiye muri Shili, muri Amerika y'Epfo, akora akazi ko gutwara imodoka zikururwa n'amafarashi. Umuganga wasuzumye Gage mu mpera za 1858 cyangwa mu ntangiriro za 1859 yavuze ko yari afite ubuzima bwiza kandi ko "nta mpungenge z'ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe yari afite."

Nubwo Gage yakize impanuka cyane cyane, yapfiriye i San Francisco mu 1860 azize indwara zo mu mutwe. Izi ndwara zishobora kuba zaratewe n'ibyago yagize muri iyo mpanuka. Ariko, urubanza rwe rwagize uruhare runini mu gusobanukirwa kw'abaganga ba none ibibera mu gice cyo imbere cy'umubiri, cyane cyane uburyo bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'umubiri.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Iyo utekereje ku "Frontal Lobe" yawe, mu by'ukuri uba ubwira igice cy'ubwonko bwawe kugitekerezaho. "Frontal Lobe" yawe ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko bwawe. Igenzura kandi igacunga ubuhanga bwinshi ukoresha mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ni naho ugenzura ibintu nk'imico yawe, amarangamutima yawe, n'ubushishozi.

Rero, kwita ku "Frontal Lobe" yawe neza, no kuvurwa indwara ziyigiraho ingaruka, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu buryo ifasha mu buzima bwawe. Ubwonko ni umutungo w'agaciro, kandi ni inshingano zacu kuburinda.

Agace k'imbere k'umutwe, imikorere y'ubwonko, imico, gufata ibyemezo, ubuzima bw'ubwonko, imikorere y'ubwonko