Ese koko uzi iby'iki "gird matter" kiri mu bwonko bwawe? Reka tubiganireho!

Twese dufite amatsiko ku bwonko bwacu, sibyo? Iyo tuvuga ku bwonko, hari ibice bitandukanye, n'uburyo butandukanye bukora. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku gice cyihariye mu bwonko kidufasha gukora ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi cyane, nko gukora imirimo yacu ya buri munsi, gutekereza, kwibuka, no kugenzura amarangamutima yacu. Ibyo byitwa 'Ibintu by'imvi.' Ushobora kuba warumvise iri zina rivuye kwa muganga cyangwa ahandi hantu. None se, reka turebe iryo ari ryo?

Iki 'Giravu' ni iki?

Mu magambo make, 'Gray Matter' ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi cyane bw'ingingo mu bwonko bwawe no mu ruti rw'umugongo - 'Sisitemu yawe y'imitsi yo hagati' . Ni yo igufasha gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi mu buryo busanzwe. Ese uzi ibirimo? Igizwe ahanini n'imibare myinshi y' 'imitsi y'ubwonko', 'ibice bya axon', impera z'uturemangingo tw'imitsi, na 'dendrites'.

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza icyo ingirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi (neuron) ari cyo. Tekereza muri ubu buryo, ingirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi imeze nk'intumwa nto. Ifite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:

• "Umubiri munini w'imitsi" . Muri iyi ni "nucleus". Kimwe n'ikigo cy'igenzura ry'umubiri wacu, iyi nucleus igenzura imikorere yose y'ingirabuzimafatizo kandi ikabika amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'uturemangingo.
• Axon ni imiterere miremire, yoroheje, ifite amashami itwara ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Ni nk'insinga ya telefoni itwara ubutumwa.
• Hariho 'dendrites' nyinshi, nk'amashami yakira ibimenyetso bivuye ku tundi turemangingo. Izi ni zo zikusanya amakuru aturutse ku tundi turemangingo tw'imitsi twegereye, nko kuvugana n'abantu baturanye.

Rero, iyi 'gray matter' yamenyekanye kuko ifite umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'imitsi nk'iyi. Nanone, ifite ibara ry'imvi rito.

Ni gute 'Gray Matter' ikura?

Iyi 'Gray Matter' itangira gukura kuva akiri muto cyane. Ni ukuvuga ko iyo umwana ari mu nda ya nyina, atangira gukura mu gihe cy''iterambere ry'umwana uri mu nda '. Hanyuma, iyo umwana avutse, ingano y'iyi 'Gray Matter' iriyongera kugeza ku myaka 8. Ntibigarukira aho gusa, kugeza ku myaka 20, ubucucike bw'iyi 'Gray Matter', ni ukuvuga ingano y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi dufatanye cyane, buriyongera. Uku kwiyongera k'ubucucike niko kudufasha gutunganya amakuru vuba ('gutunganya cyane') no gukura mu bwenge kurushaho.

Ariko hari ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane tugomba kwibuka. Uturemangingo ntitwivugurura cyangwa ngo twisane. Ibyo bivuze ko iyo uturemangingo twangiritse cyangwa tugapfa, nta wundi mushya uzaremwa ngo umusimbuze. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kwita ku bwonko bwacu.

Ni gute 'Ibintu bitagira ishingiro' by'ubwonko bw'umuntu ari umwihariko?

Noneho reba, uburyo bwo konka bw'izindi nyamaswa, nk'imbeba n'inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa dolphin, busa n'ubwacu. Ariko, hari itandukaniro rikomeye mu miterere y'ubwonko bw'umuntu. Wabonye amafoto y'ubwonko bufite iminkanyari myinshi, si byo? Muri iyo minkanyari, ahantu "haguye" hitwa "sulci" naho ahantu "hapfutse" hitwa "gyri." Utu duce duto twitwa "sulci" na "gyri" niho uturemangingo tw'imitsi ku buso bw'ubwonko tuba turi. Ni cyo twita "ibinure by'umukara."

Tekereza muri ubu buryo, ni nko kuzinga urupapuro kugira ngo ibintu byinshi bishyirwe mu mwanya muto. Uku ni ko dushobora gushyira ubwonko bunini mu mutwe muto, kandi binatuma dushobora kubika 'Ibice by'imvi' byinshi. Iyi ni yo mpamvu abantu bafite 'Ibice by'imvi' byinshi kurusha izindi nyamaswa. Urugero, ubwonko bw'umuntu bufite inshuro zigera ku 1000 z'ibice by'imvi ku buso bw'ubwonko bw'imbeba! Ntabwo ari igitangaza?

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya 'Imvi' n' 'Inyera'?

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva ibyerekeye 'White Matter'. Byombi, 'Grey Matter' na 'White Matter', ni ibice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo wawe. Hafi 40% by'ubwonko bwawe bigizwe na 'Grey Matter', mu gihe ibindi 60% bigizwe na 'White Matter'.

• Ibara ry'umukara rigizwe n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi ndetse n'udukoko twayo. Utu turemangingo ni utuntu duto tumeze nk'intoki, tugakorana n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi turi hafi aho.
• Ku rundi ruhande, 'White Matter' irimo 'axons' ndende z'uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Izi ni zo zitwara ubutumwa mu bice bya kure by'ubwonko n'umugongo.

Hari kandi itandukaniro mu buryo ikora:

Kubera ko `Gray Matter` irimo umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'imitsi (aho nucleus y'akaremangingo iri), gutunganya amakuru biba hano. Ubushobozi bwihariye bw'abantu bwo gutekereza no gutekereza bushingiye kuri `Gray Matter`. Ni ukuvuga ko buri kintu cyose twumva, tubona, dutekereza, twimuka, twiga, tuvuga, kandi dusobanukirwa kiba muri `Gray Matter`.

Inshingano ya 'White Matter' ni ugutanga itumanaho hagati y'uduce dutandukanye twa 'Gray Matter', no hagati ya 'Gray Matter' n'ibindi bice by'umubiri. Nk'imihanda itwara ubutumwa.

Itandukaniro ry'amabara:

'Ibara ry'umukara' riboneka mu ibara ry'umukara bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi. 'Ibara ry'umukara' riboneka mu gipfundikizo cy'uburinzi cyitwa 'myelin sheath' gikikije 'axons'.

Ni iki kibaye kuri 'Grey Matter'?

'Ibintu by'imvi' bizenguruka mu mitsi yawe yose ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ingendo zawe, kubungabunga kwibuka no kugenzura amarangamutima . Uduce dutandukanye tw'ubwonko dufite inshingano ku mikorere itandukanye. Bityo rero, 'Ibintu by'imvi' bigira uruhare runini mu bikorwa byose by'abantu.

'Grey Matter' iherereye he?

Ibara ry'umukara riboneka hejuru y'ubwonko bwawe, ndetse no mu bice by'imbere by'ubwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo.

Ubwonko:

Ubuso n'uturere twimbitse tw'ubwonko birimo ibintu by'umukara. Uduce twinshi tw'ubwonko - twitwa gyri na sulci - tugizwe n'ibintu by'umukara. Izi ngingo zongera ubuso kandi zigatuma habaho uturemangingo twinshi tw'imitsi, bigatuma abantu bagira urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere y'ubwonko kurusha izindi nyamaswa.

Grey Matter yibanda cyane kuri:

• Cerebellum : Iki ni igice cy'ubwonko bwawe kigenzura ibintu nko kugenda kwawe no kuringaniza. Igitangaje ni uko aka gatsiko gato k'ubwonko gafite uturemangingo tw'imitsi twinshi kurusha ibindi bice byose by'ubwonko bwawe hamwe!
• `Ubwonko` : Iki ni cyo gice kinini cy'ubwonko. Gikora mu bintu nko gutekereza, gufata ibyemezo, ururimi, no kwibuka.
• `Brainstem` : Ibi bihuza ubwonko n'umugongo. Iki gice kigenzura imikorere y'ingenzi nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima.

Umugongo:

`Ibara ry'umukara` ni imiterere isa n'ihembe iherereye mu mugongo wose (ibara ry'umweru riba riri inyuma). Mu mugongo, rigabanyijemo ibice byihariye:

• Imbere y'umukara : Ibi nibyo byohereza ibimenyetso ku mitsi no kugenzura ingendo.
• `Inkingi y'umukara inyuma` : Aha niho twakira ibyiyumviro biva ku mubiri nko gukorakoraho, ububabare, n'ubushyuhe.
• `Inkingi y'umukara yo mu ruhande rw'inyuma` : Ibi bifitanye isano n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora imyakura, ni ukuvuga ibintu tudakora ku buryo buzwi (urugero: umuvuduko w'umutima, ibyuya).

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera igihombo/igihombo cy'ibintu bitagira ibara ry'umukara?

Iyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi muri 'Gray Matter' dupfuye, 'atrophies' , bivuze ko ingano yatwo igabanuka. Impamvu nyamukuru ituma uturemangingo tw’imitsi dupfa ni uko tubura amaraso . Kubera ko utwo turemangingo tw’imitsi duhora dukora, dukeneye ogisijeni nyinshi (ituruka mu maraso) kugira ngo dukore neza. Iyo amaraso ahagaze mu buryo butunguranye, urugero, mu gihe cyo kurwara indwara ya stroke cyangwa kuva amaraso mu bwonko , utwo turemangingo dushobora gupfa cyangwa kwangirika.

Uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’imvi dupfa mu buryo busanzwe uko tugenda dusaza, ariko ni two turemangingo tubaho igihe kirekire mu mibiri yacu.

Byongeye kandi, hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zifitanye isano n'ibyangiritse ku bintu by'imvi:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer : Iyi ni indwara aho ubwoko bubiri bwa poroteyine - poroteyine ya amyloid na poroteyine ya tau - byiyongera mu bwonko mu buryo budasanzwe. Ibi bituma uturemangingo tw’imitsi yo mu gice cy’umukara dupfa.
• Indwara ya Parkinson : Iyi ndwara iterwa no kubura kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu gice cy'ubwonko cyitwa substantia nigra, kirimo imvi. Ni indwara igira ingaruka ku migendere.
• Sclerosis nyinshi (MS) : Abantu benshi bazi ko MS ari indwara ikuraho myelin ifata ibintu by'umweru. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bushya bwagaragaje ko yangiza ibintu by'umukara, cyane cyane ibintu by'umukara biri mu bwonko.
• Gukomereka mu bwonko (TBI) : Gukubitwa cyane ku mutwe bishobora kwangiza imvi bitewe no kuva amaraso mu bwonko . Ibi bishobora no gutera inzira yitwa apoptosis (gupfa kw'uturemangingo) .

Ni ibihe bintu bisanzwe biranga kwangirika kwa 'Gray Matter'?

Ubusanzwe, kwangirika kw'ikinyabutabire bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Gutakaza kwibuka : Hari igihe wibagirwa ibintu, sibyo? Utuntu duto ni ibisanzwe. Ariko iyo ikintu cy'umukara cyangiritse, ibyo kwibagirwa bishobora kwiyongera cyane, ndetse ushobora no kudashobora kwibuka ibintu bishya.
• `Ubumuga bwo gutekereza` : Ibi bivuze ibibazo mu rurimi (kugorwa no kubona amagambo, kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibivugwa), kugorwa no gushyira mu gaciro, kugorwa no gutekereza no gufata ibyemezo mu buryo bwumvikana, no kugorwa no gufata ibyemezo bigoye.
• Ibibazo by'imitsi : Bishobora kugorana gukora imirimo isaba ubuhanga mu mitsi (urugero: gupfunyika ibipfundo ku ishati, kwandika, gufata igikombe).

Ni gute wasuzuma ubuzima bwa 'Gray Matter'?

Abaganga bakunze gukoresha MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kugira ngo bapime ubuzima bw'ibintu byawe by'imvi n'iby'umweru. Iki kizamini gishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara nka Parkinson na multiple sclerosis (MS).

Byongeye kandi, ibindi bizamini bishobora gusuzuma ubuzima n'imikorere y'ibintu bidafite ibara ni ibi bikurikira:Ni ``functional MRI (fMRI)`` na `positron emission tomography (PET)`` .

Ese ibyangiritse ku bintu by'umukara bishobora kuvurwa?

Iki ni ikintu kibabaje gato. Ikibabaje ni uko ubu nta buryo bwo kuvura cyangwa gusubizaho ibyangiritse mu miterere y'umukara. Nkuko nabivuze mbere, iyo uturemangingo tw'imitsi dupfuye, ntitwongera kuvuka. Nanone, uturemangingo tw'imitsi ntitwigabanya ngo twibagire nk'izindi selile mu mubiri wacu.

Rero, uburyo bwonyine bwo kuvura indwara zifitanye isano n'ibyangiritse cyangwa igihombo cy'ibintu bitukura ni ukwifata neza.

Ni gute wakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza bwa 'Gray Matter'?

Ariko, ntabwo tugomba gutakaza icyizere! Nubwo tudashobora guhagarika burundu gutakaza ibintu bidafite ishingiro, hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo iki gice cy'agaciro k'ubwonko bwacu kigume gifite ubuzima bwiza.

Kubona amaraso n'umwuka wa ogisijeni bikwiye ni ingenzi ku buzima bw'umubiri. Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane gucunga ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko . Dore bimwe mu bintu wakora kugira ngo ubigereho:

• Niba ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension), genzura.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe .
• Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'inzoga .
• Kugumana ibiro byiza bikubereye.
• Gusinzira neza nijoro .
• Kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe na cholesterol .
• Irinde kunywa itabi , cyangwa ureke niba ubikoze.
• Kugerageza kugabanya stress .

Nubwo imvi igabanuka uko umuntu agenda akura, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bafite imyaka 65 kuzamura bakora siporo buri gihe baba bafite imvi nyinshi kurusha abatayikora. Ibi bigaragaza ko gukomeza gukora siporo mu buzima bwawe bwose bishobora kugufasha kugumana imvi nziza no kuramba.

Nanone, kwiga ibintu bishya n'ubuhanga bushya mu gihe cy'ibyumweru runaka, atari amasaha make gusa, bishobora kongera ubuzima bw'"Ibintu byawe by'imvi." Nubwo ubu bwoko bw'ibikorwa byo mu mutwe budakora uturemangingo dushya tw'imitsi, bushobora gukora isano nshya hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi dusanzweho. Ibi byitwa "ubwonko busanzwe / neuroplasticity."

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

'Grey Matter' ni ingenzi mu bwonko bwawe no mu ruti rw'umugongo bigufasha gukorana n'isi ikukikije. Ni ryo shingiro ry'imikorere yose y'ubwonko. Indwara zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku 'Grey Matter' yawe. Ariko, isanzweUshobora gufasha mu kurinda ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwawe ukurikiza ubuzima bwiza, nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kugira ibiro bizima bikubereye.

Niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda mufite ibimenyetso mutekereza ko bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'indwara yo mu bwonko, nyamuneka gana muganga kugira ngo akugire inama. Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza ushobora gukora.

Ubwonko , Imvi, Uduce tw'imitsi, Uturemangingo tw'imitsi, Uruti rw'umugongo, Kwibuka, Gutekereza, Ubuzima bw'ubwonko, Uduce tw'umweru, Indwara z'imitsi