Ese uzi inshuti nto ziri mu mara yawe? (Gut Microbiome) Reka tubiganireho!

Ese watangazwa no kumenya ko twese dufite utunyabuzima duto tubarirwa muri za miriyoni tuba mu mibiri yacu, cyane cyane mu mara yacu? Mu by'ukuri, ibi ni byo twita mikorobe mu mara . Nk'uko ishyamba rinini rifite ibiti n'inyamaswa bitandukanye, amara yacu na yo ni urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byuzuyemo utunyabuzima duto. Ni umwihariko kuri wowe, nk'urutoki rwawe.

Microbiome yo mu nda ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Mu magambo make, biome ni urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rudasanzwe rujyanye n'ibidukikije runaka n'ibinyabuzima bibamo. Rero, amara yawe, ni ukuvuga amara manini, n'amara mato ari muri yo na byo ni urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruto. Rurimo za tiriyari, ni ukuvuga za miliyari, z'ibinyabuzima bito bitagaragara n'amaso. Muri byo harimo ubwoko ibihumbi bya bagiteri , ndetse na virusi , ibihumyo, n'udukoko .

Tekereza nawe, mikorobe zo mu mara yawe ni umwihariko wawe. Umwana abanza kubona izi mikorobe kuri nyina, haba mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa mu gihe cyo konsa. Hanyuma, mikorobe nshya zongerwa mu isi yacu nto binyuze mu bintu nk'ibiryo turya n'ibidukikije tubamo. Ariko, hari ibintu bishobora kwangiza aba bantu no kugabanya umubare wabo.

Kuki utu tunyabuzima duto two mu mara (Gut Microbiome) ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe?

Utu dukoko twinshi mu mara yacu tubana natwe mu mubano mwiza. Mu buvuzi, ibi byitwa umubano w’ubufatanye . Ibi bivuze ko twembi twungukiramo. Tubaha ibiryo n’aho kuba, kandi nabo bakora imirimo myinshi y’ingenzi umubiri wacu ukeneye. Si ibyo gusa, izi nshuti nziza zinafasha mu kugenzura ibinyabuzima bibi.

Ushobora kubitekerezaho muri ubu buryo: Udukoko two mu nda yawe tumeze nk'igiti cyiza kandi cyiza wateye. Kiguha ibiryo n'imiti bifite intungamubiri. Iyo igiti cy'imbuto kimeze neza kandi gikura neza, birakugirira akamaro. Ariko niba ubutaka bubaye ubutayu, niba buhinduka uburozi, cyangwa niba ibyatsi n'udukoko bikwirakwira mu bimera byiza, ibidukikije byose bihinduka akajagari, sibyo? Uko ni ko bimeze.

Ni iki izi nshuti zo mu mara yacu (Gut Microbiome) zikora mu by'ukuri?

Iyi mikorobe iri mu mara yawe, yitwa insoro y'igifu , ifitanye isano n'imikorere myinshi y'umubiri wawe kandi ifasha mu mikorere itandukanye. Mu by'ukuri, abaganga bamwe bayita nk'urundi rugingo mu mubiri wacu. Zimwe muri izi mibanire turacyazimenya, ariko zimwe tuzizi neza.

Uburyo bwo gufasha sisitemu y'igogora

Bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zo mu mara yacu zidufasha gusenya karubohidrati n'ibinure tudashobora gusya ubwacu. Muri icyo gikorwa, zikora intungamubiri z'ingenzi nka aside fatty zigendanwa (SCFAs) . Zitanga kandi imisemburo ikenewe kugira ngo hakorwe vitamine zimwe na zimwe, nka vitamine B1, B9, B12, na vitamine K.

Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa nkaho ari intungamubiri nto, uku kubura kw'intungamubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwacu. By'umwihariko, izi aside fatty zigendanwa (SCFAs) zitunga uturemangingo two mu nda yacu kandi zigafasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije byose by'amara.

Si ibyo gusa, izi bagiteri zinafasha mu mikorere y’imisemburo mu mara. Umwijima wacu wohereza imisemburo mu mara mato kugira ngo ifashe mu gusya ibinure. Iyo ako kazi karangiye, bagiteri n’imisemburo yazo bica iyi misemburo, maze aside y’imisemburo ikongera kwinjizwa mu mwijima ikagasubizwamo. Ibi byitwa gutembera kw’amaraso mu mara . Tekereza iyi gahunda iramutse ihagaze, umubiri wacu ntuba ushobora kongera gukoresha aside y’imisemburo, kandi umwijima ntuba ufite aside ihagije yo gukora imisemburo mishya. Hanyuma, sisitemu yacu y’igogora ntizaba ifite imisemburo ihagije yo gusya no kwinjiza ibinure. Nanone, cholesterol iri mu misemburo yatangira kwirundanya mu maraso yacu.

Uburyo bwo gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu

Udukoko twiza mu mara yacu twigisha ubudahangarwa bwacu kuzitandukanya n'utundi dukoko twangiza kandi dutera indwara. Wari uzi ko amara yacu ari rwo rugingo runini mu budahangarwa bwacu? Rurimo hafi 80% by'uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bwacu. Utu turemangingo dufasha mu gukuraho udukoko twinjira mu mibiri yacu buri munsi.

Mikorobe nziza zo mu mara zihangana neza n’izitari nziza mu gushaka umwanya n’intungamubiri, bityo mbi ntizigira amahirwe yo gukwirakwira cyane. Indwara zimwe na zimwe za bagiteri zidakira zigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo mu gifu, nka C. difficile na H. pylori, zifitanye isano itaziguye no kugabanuka k’umubare w’izi mikorobe nziza.

Aside y'ibinure by'uruhererekane rugufi (SCFAs) , umusaruro w'udukoko tw'intanga ngugu, ifite akamaro kenshi ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ifasha mu kubungabunga uruzitiro rw'amara yacu, ibi bikarinda bagiteri n'uburozi bwa bagiteri kwinjira mu maraso yacu. Ifite kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ububyimbirwe bugabanya ububyimbirwe mu mara yacu.

Ububyimbirwe ni imikorere y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu, ariko rimwe na rimwe bushobora gukora cyane. Ububyimbirwe budakira ni ikimenyetso cy’indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri . Bushobora kandi kuba bufitanye isano n’izindi ndwara nyinshi, harimo na kanseri. Bigaragara ko aside y’ibinure migufi igabanya ubu bwiyongere bw’umubiri.

Isano n'ubwonko (Gut-Brain Axis)

Udukoko two mu mara dushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu binyuze mu nzira yitwa "gut-brain axis" . Uru ni urusobe rw'imitsi, neuron, na neurotransmitters binyura mu nzira yacu y'igifu. Igitangaje ni uko hari bagiteri zikora cyangwa zigatera imbaraga ikorwa rya neurotransmitters nka serotonin . Izi ni zo shimi zitanga ibimenyetso mu bwonko bwacu.

Ibikomoka kuri bagiteri nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imitsi yacu. Aside irike y’uruhererekane rugufi isa nkaho ifite akamaro, ariko uburozi bwa bagiteri bushobora kwangiza imitsi. Abashakashatsi baracyakora iperereza ku buryo mikorobe zo mu mara yacu zigira uruhare mu ndwara zitandukanye z’imitsi, ibibazo by’imyitwarire, ububabare bw’imitsi, n’ibibazo byo mu mutwe.

Ubufasha ku misemburo y'imisemburo

Utunyangingo tw’inkondo n’ibikomoka kuri two na byo bigira uruhare mu mikorere y’utunyangingo tw’imisemburo mu rukuta rw’amara yacu. Utu tunyangingo ( utunyangingo tw’imisemburo ) dutera amara yacu kuba urugingo runini rw’imisemburo mu mubiri wacu. Utu tunyangingo dusohora imisemburo igenzura ibintu bitandukanye bigize imikorere y’umubiri wacu, nko mu rugero rw’isukari mu mara, inzara, no guhaga.

Abashakashatsi bakomeje gushakisha uburyo mikorobe zacu zo mu mara zifitanye isano n’indwara nka metabolic syndrome (irimo umubyibuho ukabije, insuline idakira , na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ) n’indwara z’umwijima w’ibinure. Izi ndwara zifatwa nk’izifitanye isano na mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zo mu mara, ariko ntibiramenyekana neza icyo ari cyo.

Mu by'ukuri, mikorobe y'igifu iherereye he?

Ubusanzwe inzira yacu yo mu gifu (GI) tuyita "igifu". Abantu benshi batekereza ko ari amara. Nubwo igifu cyawe n'amara mato biba birimo mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zo mu gifu, inyinshi muri zo ziba mu mara manini, cyangwa mu mara mato . Zireremba imbere, cyangwa zifatanye n'ururenda rw'umura rukikije inkuta z'imbere.

Ubwoko bwa bagiteri ziba mu mara manini butandukanye n’iziba ahandi. Zikunze kuba bagiteri zidafite umwuka uhagije . Ibi bivuze ko zikeneye ahantu hadafite umwuka uhagije kugira ngo zikomeze kubaho. Ntizishobora kubaho mu bice byo hejuru by’inzira y’igifu kubera umwuka mwinshi wa ogisijeni, kugenda vuba, n’imitobe ikomeye mu gifu.

Izi bagiteri zo mu mara zitagira umwuka zikora imirimo y'ingenzi mu mara yacu manini, ibyo zikaba ari zo zonyine zishobora gukora. Ni zo zica imitsi idatunganywa mu buryo bw'igogora ryacu, zigatanga intungamubiri z'ingenzi tudashobora kubona mu bundi buryo. Nanone, izi bagiteri zitugirira akamaro gusa mu miterere yazo karemano.

Icy'ingenzi: Iyo izi bagiteri ziva mu mara, zishobora kwangiza. Iyo bagiteri ziva mu mara zijya mu mara mato zikahatura, zishobora kubangamira inzira z'igogora aho hantu. Nanone, iyo bagiteri ziva mu mara zinjiriye mu rukuta rw'amara, cyangwa zikanyura mu gisebe kiri mu rukuta rw'amara, zishobora gutera indwara mu mibiri yacu.

Ese dysbiosis ni iki? Ese ni ukudahuza kw'amara?

Abaganga bakoresha ijambo dysbiosis basobanura mikorobe y’amara idakora neza cyangwa idafite ubuzima bwiza.

Dysbiosis ni:

• Kubura cyangwa kugabanuka kwa bagiteri z'ingirakamaro.
• Ubwiyongere bukabije bwa bagiteri mbi zishobora gutera indwara.
• Gutakaza ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko.

Indwara ya dysbiosis ishobora gutangirira kuri imwe muri izi eshatu, ariko izindi zigakurikiraho vuba. Iyo bagiteri nziza zigabanutse, amara yacu aba ashobora kwandura indwara ziterwa n’udukoko cyangwa udukoko twibasira. Izi ndwara mbi zishobora kwibasira izindi mikorobe no gukwirakwira, bigatuma ubwinshi bw’uturemangingo twose bw’ibinyabuzima bugabanuka.

Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka kuri izi nshuti nto mu mara yacu?

Nk’uko ubusitani bugira ingaruka ku ntungamubiri, uburozi, udukoko twangiza, n’ibyatsi bibi, ni ko mikorobe ziri mu mara yacu zimeze. Ni ukuvuga imirire yacu, kwibasirwa n’imiti, indwara zitera indwara, ndetse no kugenda buhoro buhoro kw’amara yacu.

Ibiryo turya (Indyo)

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri mu mara yacu bukenera ubwoko butandukanye bwa fibre kugira ngo bukomeze kubaho. Udukoko dutandukanye dukunda ibiryo bitandukanye. Mu rwego rwo kubikemura, bitanga aside fatty zigendanwa (SCFA) n'ibindi bikomoka kuri iyo aside. Izi zitunga amara yacu kandi zikagabanya pH imbere, bigatuma habaho ibidukikije byiza kuri bagiteri zigira akamaro.

Ku rundi ruhande, indyo irimo isukari nyinshi n'ibinure byuzuye bikunda mikorobe nkeya. Ibiryo byatunganyijwe ntabwo bigizwe na fibre nkeya n'intungamubiri ntoya (vitamine na métroleum), ahubwo binakubiyemo ibintu byinshi bibungabunga umubiri n'ibindi biwutera ingaruka mbi. Ibi bishobora kwangiza mikorobe zacu.

Ibinyabutabire

Imiti ishobora kugirira nabi mikorobe zacu irimo ibintu nk'inzoga, umwotsi w'itabi, n'ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije. Nanone, imiti nka antibiyotike ishobora kwica bagiteri mbi na bagiteri nziza. Indi miti, nka aside blocker, ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri mikorobe ihindura urugero rwa pH mu mara.

Urugero, iyo uhuye n’imiti y’igihe gito, urugero, imiti y’igihe gito ivura indwara, mikorobe zacu zo mu mara zishobora gusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Ariko, iyo uhuye n’imiti igihe kirekire bishobora guhindura imiterere yazo. Iyo ufata imiti imwe n’imwe buri gihe, cyangwa unywa inzoga kenshi, bishobora kubangamira iterambere rya mikorobe zimwe na zimwe.

Ubudasa

Mu mikorobe nziza mu mara, ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe burafashanya. Tekereza uburyo ibimera bitandukanye mu busitani bifashanya gutera intanga no kunoza ubutaka. Urugero, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe busenya ibintu kugira ngo bikore ibiryo by'ubundi bwoko, cyangwa umusaruro wabyo uhindura aside y' "ubutaka".

Ku rundi ruhande, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rudashyigikira ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko dushobora kwibasirwa n'amoko y'ibinyabuzima byibasira. Iyo habuze irushanwa ryiza, ibyo "byatsi" n' "udukoko" byigarurira aho biba, bigakuraho andi moko umutungo akeneye kugira ngo abeho.

Uburyo amara agenda

Guhindagurika ni uburyo amara yawe agenda yihuta. Uku ni ko "isarura" rya mikorobe yawe rihinduka. Uko zigenda mu mara yawe manini, zifasha gusenya ibintu bitagomba kuribwa mo intungamubiri ushobora kwinjiza. Hanyuma, inyinshi muri zo zisohoka mu mwanda wawe. Igihe ibi bifata bigira ingaruka kuri mikorobe zawe.

Uko ibiryo n'imyanda binyura mu buryo bw'igogora, udukoko dutandukanye dukwirakwira ahantu hatandukanye. Iyo uru rugendo rwihuta cyane, ntibabona umwanya wo gutura aho ngaho ngo bakore akazi kabo. Ariko, iyo uru rugendo rutinze cyane, bashobora kurya cyane, bagakura cyane, kandi bakarenga imipaka yabo.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ubuzima bivuka iyo ubu buringanire mu mara (Gut Microbiome) bubuze?

Hari indwara zifitanye isano itaziguye na dysbiosis y'amara, ni ukuvuga gutakaza ubu buringanire.

Indwara zifitanye isano itaziguye

• Indwara: Udukoko twanduzanya dushobora gutera indwara z'igihe gito cyangwa zidakira mu mara yawe. Ibi bishobora gutera impiswi, kubyimba ( colitis ), no kwangiza urukuta rw'amara yawe. Udukoko tumwe na tumwe dushobora kwinjira mu mara yawe, tukinjira mu maraso yawe, kandi tugakwirakwira mu mubiri wawe wose. Dysbiosis igabanya imbaraga zo kwirinda izo ndwara mu mara yawe.
• SIBO (Gukura cyane kwa bagiteri zo mu mara mato): Iyi ni indwara ya dysbiosis ibaho mu mara mato. Ibi bivuze ko ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa bagiteri zikura cyane, zigakoresha umutungo mwinshi, kandi zigatanga umusaruro mwinshi cyane. Hari igihe bagiteri ziva mu mara mato zishobora kwinjira mu mara mato zigatura aho zitari. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kugenda buhoro mu mara.
• IBD (indwara yo kubyimba amara):Iri ni itsinda ry'indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri zigira ingaruka ku mara yawe. Indwara ya kanseri y'ibisebe , indwara ya mikorobe , n'indwara ya Crohn ni bimwe muri byo. Indwara ya dysbiosis mu mara ni kimwe mu bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara ya IBD. Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza iyo ari yo muri izi ebyiri iza mbere, ariko bazi ko izo ndwara ebyiri zifitanye isano kandi ko imwe igira uruhare mu yindi, bigatuma irushaho kuba mbi.
• Atherosclerosis: Bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zitari nziza mu mara zongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi binyuze mu gukora ikintu cyitwa trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) . Iki kintu cyiyongera mu mitsi yawe kandi kigatera indwara z'imitsi , cyangwa kubyimba kw'inkuta z'imitsi. Iki ni kimwe mu bintu ibizamini by'amaraso y'umutima bibona mu gihe cyo kumenya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi y'umutima (CAD) .

Ibindi bintu bishobora kuba bifitanye isano itaziguye

Dore izindi ndwara zishobora kuba zifitanye isano itaziguye na dysbiosis:

• Allergie
• Guhangayika
• Asima
• Ubushobozi bwo kwifata mu mutwe (autism)
• Indwara y'umunaniro udashira (CFS)
• Kanseri y'umura munini
• Diyabete
• Ihungabana
• Indwara y'umwijima urimo ibinure byinshi
• Indwara y'umura iterwa n'uburakari (IBS)
• Kanseri y'umwijima
• Sclerosis nyinshi (MS)
• Indwara zo kwangirika kw'imitsi
• Umubyibuho ukabije
• Kanseri y'impyiko
• Indwara ya rubagimpande (RA)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bigaragaza ko mfite ikibazo cya mikorobe zo mu nda yanjye?

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya dysbiosis y'igifu birimo:

• Ububabare bwa gaze na gaze
• Inda yabyimbye
• Igogora ribi
• Ububabare bwo mu nda yo hasi
• Impiswi
• Impatwe

Ese ubu buzima bw'amara (Gut Microbiome) bushobora gupimwa?

Laboratwari nyinshi z’ubucuruzi zitanga ibikoresho byo gupima mikorobe zo mu mara ku bakoresha. Ushobora kohereza icyitegererezo cy’umwanda muri laboratwari, maze bakakoherereza raporo irimo ibisobanuro bigufi by’imiterere ya mikorobe zo mu mara yawe. Ariko, abaganga ntibakunze gukoresha cyangwa ngo baguhe inama.

Ibyo biterwa nuko tutaramenya bihagije ku moko atandukanye ya mikorobe zo mu mara n'uburyo zigira ingaruka ku buzima bwacu kugira ngo raporo nk'iyi ibe ingirakamaro. Hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi bushimishije buri gukorwa, arikoHaracyari urugendo rurerure mbere yuko ikizamini cya mikorobe zo mu mara kiguha inama z'ingirakamaro kandi zihariye ku buzima.

Abaganga bavura bate ibi?

Dore uburyo bwo kuvura ibibazo bya mikorobe zo mu mara yawe:

• Indyo yo gukuraho: Iyi ni indyo y'igihe gito. Yagenewe gutandukanya ibiryo bitera ibimenyetso by'igifu cyawe. Akenshi ibi ni byo biryo mikorobe zo mu mara yawe zikunda kurya. Iyo mikorobe nyinshi zirya ibiryo byinshi, zibyara ibindi bikomokaho byinshi. Niyo mpamvu ibimenyetso nko kubyimba no gucibwamo bibaho. Uburyo bumwe bwo kubigabanya ni ukutabagaburira.
• Antibiyotike: Niba ufite ubwandu cyangwa ukagira bagiteri nyinshi mu mara yawe, ubusanzwe uburyo bwo kuvura ni ugufata imiti ya antibiyotike. Iyo ibyo birangiye, mikorobe nzima yo mu mara ishobora kugarurwa. Ariko amara ya bamwe akeneye ubufasha kugira ngo yongere agaruke mu nzira nziza. Abaganga bashobora kukugira inama yo gufata inyongera nka prebiotics na probiotics kugira ngo bigufashe kugarura mikorobe yawe mu mara.
• Gutera umwanda: Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura bushobora kugarura mikorobe zo mu mara zangiritse cyane ni ugutera umwanda. Bikubiyemo kwimura icyitegererezo cya mikorobe ziva mu mara zizima zijya mu mara zirwaye. Ubu byemewe gusa kuvura indwara za C. diff zidashobora kurwanya antibiyotike kandi zigaruka. Ariko abashakashatsi barimo gusuzuma niba zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ubuvuzi ku zindi ndwara.

None se, ni gute twakwitaho neza izi nshuti nto ziri mu mara yacu (Gut Microbiome)? (Ibintu byo kwibuka)

Indyo nziza n'imibereho myiza bishobora gufasha mu gukora mikorobe nziza mu mara. Urugero:

• Kuza ubuzima bw'amara yawe mu buryo busanzwe urya indyo itandukanye ishingiye ku bimera. Gerageza kurya ibiryo bitandukanye byuzuye, nk'ibinyampeke byuzuye, imboga n'imbuto. Ibi biha mikorobe zo mu mara yawe fibre nyinshi n'intungamubiri ntoya. Ibi biribwa bigabanya kandi ububyimbirwe mu mara yawe, bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije imbere. Ibiryo byatunganyijwe kandi byihuse bikora ibinyuranye rwose.
• Gerageza probiotics na prebiotics. Ushobora kubona probiotics na prebiotics mu nyongeramusaruro cyangwa mu biribwa. Probiotics ni mikorobe zingirakamaro ushobora kurya. Zishobora gufatwa nk'inyongeramusaruro cyangwa ibiryo byasembuye kandi zemerewe gukurura amara yawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha guhitamo probiotic ikubereye. Prebiotics ni fibres zigaburira bagiteri nziza zo mu mara yawe.
• Witondere iyo ukoresha imiti yica udukoko. Hari igihe uba ukeneye gufata imiti yica udukoko, ariko hari n'igihe utabikora. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu bantu muri rusange bituma udashobora kuyifata . Ku bantu, ibi bishobora kwica bagiteri nziza hamwe na bagiteri mbi. Hari igihe ibi bishobora kwangiza uburinganire bw'uturemangingo tw'amara yawe, bigatuma ubwoko bubi bwa bagiteri busubira gukura.

Ingingo y’indwara zifata insoro mu mara ni ingingo ikunzwe cyane mu buvuzi no mu mibereho myiza muri iki gihe, kandi biroroshye kubona impamvu. Utu tunyadukoko duto dusa nkaho dufite amashami ku mubiri wose, bityo birashoboka ko ari two dufite ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa no kuvura zimwe mu ndwara zikomeye cyane.

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Uko ubushakashatsi bukomeza, abaganga bagira icyizere kandi bitonda. Uko turushaho kwiga, ni ko turushaho gusobanukirwa byinshi tugomba kwiga. Ariko ibyo twiga binagaruka ku kwemeza amwe mu mahame yacu ya kera yo kumererwa neza. By'umwihariko: Indyo yuzuye kandi yuzuye ni ingenzi ku mara mazima. Rero, ntukibagirwe gutekereza kuri izi nshuti nto mu mara yawe no kugira ingeso nziza ku buzima!

` Imikorobe y'amara, ubuzima bw'amara, mikorobe, igogora, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, probiotics, dysbiosis