Ese uzi ikizamini cya mammogram? Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ushobora kuba warumvise ijambo "mammogram". Wenda inshuti yawe cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe yigeze kuyifata. Cyangwa se wenda muganga wawe yakubwiye kuyifata. Abantu benshi bagira ubwoba no guhangayika iyo bumvise izina. Ariko se mammogram ni iki? Ireba iki? Ese ni ikintu cyo gutinya? Reka tubiganireho birambuye, mu buryo bworoshye, uyu munsi.

Igipimo cya mammogram ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, mammogram ni ikizamini cyihariye cya X-ray gisuzuma ingingo ziri mu mabere yawe. Gikoresha imirasire mike cyane. Ni nko gupimwa X-ray iyo uvunitse igufwa ryo mu kuboko cyangwa ku kuguru, ariko bikorwa hifashishijwe imashini yagenewe amabere by’umwihariko.

Abaganga bakoresha iki gipimo cya mammogram kubera impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi:

1. Gupima Mammogram: Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'ibere mbere yuko ibimenyetso byose bigaragara. Nk'uko dufata ingamba zo kwirinda mbere yuko turwara.

2. Gupima Mammogram: Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kubyimba gushya mu ibere ryawe, ububabare, kuva amaraso mu mabere, cyangwa impinduka mu ruhu rw'ibere ryawe, iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu.

Tekereza nawe, usibye kanseri y'uruhu, kanseri y'ibere ni yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bagore. Dukurikije amakuru amwe, 15% bya kanseri nshya yanduye ni kanseri y'ibere. Kumenya iyi ndwara hakiri kare bishobora kugufasha kurokora ubuzima bwawe. Iyo kanseri y'ibere igaragaye hakiri kare, igipimo cyo kubaho mu myaka itanu kiri hejuru cyane kigera kuri 99%! Rero, iyi mammogram ni nk'icyitegererezo cya zahabu cyo kubona impinduka mu ngingo z'ibere mbere yuko ziba kanseri.

Ese hari ubwoko bwa mammogram?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa mammogram:

• Gupima amabere mu buryo bwa digitale muri 2D: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata amafoto y'ibere rimwe uvuye ku mpande ebyiri (ubusanzwe hejuru ujya hasi no ku mpande ujya ku rundi).
• Isuzuma rya digitale mammography muri 3D (digital breast tomosynthesis): Iri ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Muri ibi, ibere ryawe rishyirwamo agati rimwe, maze imashini ikagenda mu buryo burambuye, igafata amashusho menshi ya X-ray. Aya mashusho ahuzwa na mudasobwa hanyuma agakorwamo "uduce". Ibi bituma abaganga babona ingingo z'ibere ryawe mu buryo butatu (3D). Ibi byongera ubunyangamugayo bw'isuzuma.

Ese mammogram ishobora kugaragaza kanseri?

Dore ikintu ugomba gusobanukirwa: Gupima kanseri hakoreshejwe mammogram bishobora gufasha kumenya kanseri, ariko ntibishobora kumenya neza niba ari kanseri.

Nubwo isuzuma rya mammogram rigaragaza ingirangingo z’ibere zidasanzwe, ntabwo ryemeza niba ari kanseri. Ahubwo, isuzuma rya mammogram ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi gifasha abaganga gufata icyemezo niba ukeneye ibindi bipimo, nko gupimwa ibere. Isuzuma rya mammogram ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza niba ingirangingo ari kanseri cyangwa atari yo.

Ugomba kwipimisha mammogram ufite imyaka ingahe?

Muri rusange, itsinda rishinzwe gukumira indwara muri Amerika risaba ko abagore bose bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 75 bakorerwa isuzuma rya mammogram buri myaka ibiri . Ariko, andi mashyirahamwe y'abaganga ashobora kugira inama zitandukanye gato. Ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe ku cyakubera cyiza.

Ariko, niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, ushobora gukenera kwipimisha mammogram mbere y'imyaka 40, cyangwa kenshi. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama y'ibindi bizamini, nko gupimwa ibere ryose cyangwa gupimwa MRI y'ibere (magnetic resonance imaging).

Muganga wawe ashobora gukora isuzuma ry’ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere kugira ngo amenye niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri. Niba ufite kimwe mu bintu by’ibyago biri hepfo, ganira na muganga wawe igihe ugomba gutangira kwipimisha mammogram buri mwaka:

• Niba warigeze kugira kanseri y'ibere mbere.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe (mama, mushiki wawe, umukobwa wawe) warwaye kanseri y'ibere cyangwa kanseri y'intanga ngore.
• Impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo z’umubiri, urugero, `(BRCA1)` na `(BRCA2)`.
• Niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’ibere zitari kanseri (zitari nziza), urugero, hyperplasia idasanzwe y’imiyoboro y’amaraso.
• Niba amabere yawe ari menshi.

Hari igihe abagabo bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi bitewe n’amateka y’umuryango wabo. Muri ibyo bihe, na bo basabwa kwisuzumisha kanseri y’ibere. Ariko, ugereranije, kanseri y’ibere 100 gusa ni yo igaragara ku bagabo.

Ni kangahe ngomba kwipimisha mammogram?

Ibi biterwa n'urugero rw'ibyago byawe. Niba ufite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, ugomba kwipimisha mammogram buri mwaka kugeza ku myaka ibiri uhereye ku myaka 40. Niba ibyago byawe ari byinshi, ushobora gutangira kare cyangwa ukabikora kenshi. Vugana na muganga wawe ku byerekeye gahunda yo kwipimisha mammogram ikubereye, ukurikije amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'ibindi bintu.

Ni gute mammogram ikora?

Imashini ya mammogram ikoresha imashini ya X-ray yagenewe cyane cyane ingingo z'ibere. Imirasire ya X-ray itangwa n'iyi mashini ifite ingano nto y'imirasire ya X-ray ugereranyije na X-ray ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma amagufwa.

Mu gihe cyo gupima mammogramu, ibere ryawe rishyirwa ku gikoresho gishyigikiwe n'icyuma gifata X-ray. Hanyuma, umutekinisiye agakanda ibere ryawe buhoro buhoro akoresheje ikindi gikoresho. X-rays iva muri icyo mashini inyura mu ibere ryawe ikagonga icyuma gipima ku rundi ruhande. Iki gipimo cyohereza ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga kuri mudasobwa kugira ngo ikore ishusho y'ikoranabuhanga. Ayo mashusho yitwa mammogramu.

Ushobora kwibaza impamvu amabere apfunyitse gutya. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera:

* Komeza amabere yawe ahamye. Iyo agenze, amashusho ashobora kuba adasobanutse neza.

* Kura imiterere y'ibere, bigatuma imirasire ya X igera ku gikoresho gipima. Ibi bituma imirasire igabanuka kandi ikagira ireme ryiza ry'ishusho.

Ni nde ukora mammogram?

Isuzuma rya mammografi rikorwa n'umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga rya radiology cyangwa inzobere mu by'amama. Bafite amahugurwa yihariye yo kubikora mu mutekano kandi neza. Hanyuma, inzobere mu by'amaradiyo, umuganga wabyigiye, areba kandi agasesengura amashusho ya mammografi. Yohereza ibisubizo kwa muganga wawe, hanyuma akakubwira ibyabyo.

Witegura ute kwipimisha mammogram?

Hari ibintu bike ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe usaba kwipimisha mammogram no ku munsi wo kuyipimisha:

• Bwira muganga wawe niba wonsa, utwite, cyangwa utekereza ko utwite . Azakubwira igihe cyiza cyo kwipimisha mammogram, cyangwa utangire na ultrasound.
• Niba ukiri mu mihango , ntugakoreshwe isuzuma rya mammogram icyumweru kimwe mbere cyangwa mu gihe cy'imihango yawe. Muri ibi bihe amabere yawe ashobora kuba yoroshye kumva, bigatuma isuzuma rirushaho kugorana.
• Niba ufite inshinge zo gutera amabere cyangwa uherutse guhabwa urukingo, nyamuneka ubyivugeho mugihe usaba mammogram.

Kurikiza izi ntambwe ku munsi wo kwipimisha mammogram yawe:

• Kurikiza gahunda yawe isanzwe - kurya, kunywa, no gufata imiti yawe isanzwe.
• Ntugakoreshe deodorant, parfum, lotion, cyangwa ifu y'umubiri. Ibi bicuruzwa bishobora kubangamira uburyo amashusho ya X-ray afatwa neza.
• Ku ikizamini, uzagomba gukuramo imyenda yawe hejuru y'ikibuno. Ahubwo uzahabwa ikanzu cyangwa igitambaro cyo kwambara.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe cyo gupimwa mammogram?

Izi ni intambwe ziba mu gihe cyo gupimwa mammogram:

1. Uzagomba gukuramo imyenda yose n'imitako hejuru y'ikibuno. Uzahabwa ikintu gisa n'ikanzu yo kwa muganga ifunguye imbere.

2. Uzahagarara imbere y'imashini ipima mammografiya. Umutekinisiye azagusaba gukuramo ibere rimwe ku ikanzu.

3. Shyira igituza cyawe ku isahani yo gushyigikira igituza.

4. Umutekinisiye azakandagira ibere ryawe buhoro buhoro ku isahani yo kurishyigikira akoresheje agapira ka pulasitiki. Ushobora kumva utameze neza cyangwa ukandagira muri uku gukandagira. Niba udashobora kwihanganira gukandagira, bwira umutekinisiye. Hanyuma azagukosora uko bikwiye.

5. Imashini ifata amafoto ufashe igituza cyawe.

6. Niba ufite amabere abiri, kora ibisa no ku yandi mabere.

7. Iyo imashini imaze gufata amafoto, ikizamini kiba kirangiye. Ushobora gusubira mu myenda yawe ukagenda.

Abantu benshi bashobora gukora imirimo yabo isanzwe nyuma yo kwipimisha mammogram.

Ese mammogram irababaza?

Hari abantu bumva batameze neza mu gihe cyo gupimwa hakoreshejwe mammogram kubera ko ingingo y'ibere iba yashyizwemo agahato. Abandi bashobora kumva ububabare. Inkuru nziza ni uko mammogram ari ikizamini kimara iminota mike gusa, kandi ububabare ntibumara igihe kirekire. Niba wumva ububabare bukabije, bibwira umutekinisiye ako kanya.

Urugero rw'ububabare wumva ruterwa n'ibintu byinshi:

• Ingano n'ubucucike bw'amabere yawe.
• Mbega ukuntu wifuza ko amabere yawe aba magufi.
• Waba ugiye kujya mu mihango, cyangwa uri mu minsi yo kujya mu mihango.
• Ubuhanga bw'umuhanga mu by'imirasire.
• Ubushobozi bwawe bwo kuguma utuje no kugumana imiterere yawe kugira ngo ubashe gufata amafoto meza.

Gusuzuma mammogram bifata igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe, gupima mammogram bifata iminota 15-20 . Gupima mammogram bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kuko muganga ashobora gukenera gufata andi mashusho.

Ese gukoresha mammogram nta kibazo?

Amabere yawe ashyirwa ku rugero ruto rw'imirasire. Ariko, inyungu zo gukoresha amabere ziruta kure ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'imirasire.

Niba utwite, bwira muganga wawe n'inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo gupima kanseri y'ibere ari byiza mu gihe utwite, abaganga bashobora kukugira inama yo gusubika gupima kanseri y'ibere niba utari mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara kanseri y'ibere kandi utwite.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo bya mammogram?

Ubusanzwe uzabona ibisubizo bya mammogram yawe mu minsi mike . Ariko, ibi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ahantu. Akenshi, abaganga b'imirasire bazagereranya mammogram yawe iheruka n'isuzuma rya mammogram ryabanje. Iyo bamaze gusuzuma mammogram yawe, bazakoherereza ibisubizo byawe wowe na muganga wawe.

Niba utabonye ibisubizo byawe mu kwezi kumwe, hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa aho wakorewe isuzuma rya mammogram.

Ni izihe ngaruka zo gupimwa kwa mammogram?

Uzahabwa ibaruwa yoroshye kandi yoroshye kumva irimo amakuru y'ibanze yerekeye ibisubizo byawe. Ishobora kukubwira niba ibisubizo byawe ari ibisanzwe cyangwa niba ukeneye kugaruka kugira ngo ubone andi mashusho. Raporo ya mammogram yawe izaba irimo kandi amakuru yerekeye ubucucike bw'ibere ryawe. Uku niko ingano y'imitsi n'udusimba biri mu mabere yawe ugereranije n'imitsi y'ibinure. Aya makuru ubu asabwa n'amategeko kugira ngo ashyirwe muri raporo yawe. Niba ufite ikibazo ku bisubizo byawe, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe.

Raporo n'Uburyo bwo Gupima Amabere (BI-RADS)

Abaganga b'inzobere mu by'imirasire n'ubuvuzi bakoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gusobanura ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku isuzuma no gusuzuma mammogram. Byitwa BI-RADS . Ubu buryo bugabanya ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi mu byiciro kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 6. Ubu buryo buguha icyiciro cyawe, ibyo wabonye, ​​n'ibisobanuro (harimo n'ibyago byawe byo kurwara kanseri).

Ni iki gipimo cya mammogram gisanzwe?

Gupima mammogramu bisanzwe bivuze ko umuganga w’amabere atabonye ikibazo cyangwa ibitagenda neza mu mabere yawe ku mashusho. Niba mammogramu yawe ari isanzwe, ni ngombwa gukomeza gupima mammogramu mu gihe cyagenwe na muganga wawe. Gupima mammogramu ni ingirakamaro cyane iyo umuganga w’amabere ashobora kubigereranya n’ibyawe byabanje agasanga impinduka mu mabere yawe.

Ni iki gipimo cya mammogram kidasanzwe?

Iyo mammogram igaragaje ahantu hamwe cyangwa henshi hateye amakenga, umuganga w’imirasire akunze gutanga inama ku mashusho yihariye ya mammogram - cyangwa ibindi bipimo by’amashusho, nko gupima ibere hakoreshejwe ultrasound cyangwa gupima ibere hakoreshejwe biopsy.

Niba wakorewe mammogram idasanzwe, muganga wawe azakubwira icyo wakora nyuma yaho. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe ntabwo bivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Rero ntugatinye kandi ukurikize inama za muganga wawe.

Ni gute mammography ari nziza?

Gupima amabere (mammography) ni ukuri ku kigero cya 85% kugeza 90% . Gupima amabere (mammogram) byarushijeho kuba byiza mu kumenya ibitagenda neza mu mabere mbere yo kubibona cyangwa kubyumva. Ariko, birashoboka ko mammogram ibura bimwe mu bitagenda neza.

Niba ubonye ikintu giteye amakenga mu gihe wipimisha ibere mu rugo, cyangwa niba ugaragaje ikimenyetso gishya cy’ibere, ni ngombwa cyane guhita uhamagara muganga wawe.

Ese implants zo mu mabere zibangamira isuzuma rya mammogram?

Ku bantu batewe silicone cyangwa saline breast implants, bishobora kugora abaganga b'imirasire kubona ingingo zose z'amabere yabo n'ibibazo bashobora guhura nabyo kuri mammogram isanzwe bitewe n'inkovu y'urugingo itera.

Kugira ngo umuganga w’indwara z’imirasire afashe kureba igice kinini cy’umubiri w’ibere uko bishoboka kose, uretse amashusho ane asanzwe yafashwe mu gihe cyo gusuzuma mammogram ku bantu bafite implants, hafatwa andi mashusho abiri kuri buri bere. Aya mashusho y’inyongera yitwa Implant Displacement (ID) views .

Mu gihe cyo gupima indangamuntu, umutekinisiye akanda witonze igishishwa cy'ibere ryawe ku rukuta rw'igituza cyawe, akagikurura imbere, hanyuma agakanda ibere ryawe. Ibi bituma habaho amashusho meza y'imbere ya buri bere.

Ni ngombwa cyane kubwira umutekinisiye wawe ko ufite implants zo mu mabere igihe ugiye kwipimisha mammogram no ku munsi wo kwipimisha mammogram.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Gupima kanseri y'ibere (mammogram) ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyo kumenya kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare. Binafasha kugenzura indwara z'ibere zitari kanseri uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ikizamini gishobora kugorana gato, kandi ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba utegereje ibisubizo. Ariko, ni ingenzi cyane kubona mammogram yawe ku myaka yagenwe no ku gihe cyagenwe, bitewe n'ibyago byawe byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.

Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye n'ibyago byawe byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere cyangwa uburyo bwo kwisuzumisha hakoreshejwe mammogram, vugana na muganga wawe. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Ntutinye, menya amakuru, kandi ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Mammogram , Kanseri y'ibere, Ubuzima bw'abagore, X-ray, Gupima kanseri, Isuzuma ry'ubuzima , BI-RADS