Wigeze wumva umuntu uri mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka kandi akaba ahujwe n’icyuma gifasha guhumeka guhumeka? Wenda byakubayeho. Impamvu nyamukuru ibi akenshi ni indwara ikomeye tugiye kuvugaho yitwa ARDS. Izina rishobora kumvikana nk'aho riteye ubwoba gato, ariko ntugahangayike. Tuzabisobanura mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.
ARDS ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, ARDS ni ukwangiza ibihaha byawe cyane. Tekereza ibihaha byawe nk'ibice bibiri bya siponji. Ubusanzwe, iyo duhumeka, izi siponji zuzuye umwuka. Ariko muri ARDS, udusakoshi duto tw'umwuka turi muri ibi bihaha (twitwa alveoli) dutangira kuzura amazi.
Noneho tekereza, iyo eponji inyoye amazi, nta mwanya w’umwuka mwinshi uboneka wo kuyinjiramo. Ibyo ni nako biba ku bihaha. Iyo amazi yuzuye aho kuba umwuka, ibihaha ntibishobora kuzuza umwuka neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amaraso ntabona umwuka uhagije wa ogisijeni. Mu buvuzi, iyi ndwara twita `(hypoxia)` . Ibi ni akaga cyane.
Kubera ko ogisijeni ari ingenzi kugira ngo izindi ngingo zose zo mu mubiri wacu, nk'ubwonko, umutima, n'impyiko, zikore neza. Iyo ogisijeni ibuze, izo ngingo zitangira gukora nabi imwe imwe.
Ubusanzwe abaganga bashyira ARDS mu byiciro bitatu - byoroheje, biri hagati, n'ibikomeye. Ibi bigaragazwa no kugereranya urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe n'ingano ya ogisijeni ukeneye gutanga hanze kugira ngo urwo rugero rugaruke ku rwego rukwiye.
ARDS ikunze kubaho iyo umuntu ari mu bitaro kubera ubundi bwandu, indwara, cyangwa impanuka ikomeye. Ariko, niba ugaragaje ibi bimenyetso nubwo waba utari mu bitaro, ni ngombwa kwihutira gushaka abaganga.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'iyi ndwara?
Ibimenyetso bya ARDS bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'icyabiteye, uburemere bw'iyi ndwara, ndetse n'indwara iyo ari yo yose y'umutima cyangwa ibihaha ufite. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe.
| Ibimenyetso | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Guhumeka bigoranye cyane | Biruhije cyane guhumeka, nk'aho uri kubura umwuka. |
| Guhumeka vuba kandi bigoye | Umubare w'abahumeka uriyongera. Ugomba gushyiraho imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo uhumeke buri guhumeka. |
| Umutima utera cyane | Umutima wanjye umeze nk'aho urimo gutera cyane. |
| Iminwa y'ubururu n'inzara | Iyo urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso rugabanutse cyane, iminwa n'inzara bitangira guhinduka ubururu. Ibi ni ibintu byihutirwa. |
ARDS ikunze kugaragara mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi mike nyuma y’uko ikintu giteye, kandi iyo ndwara ishobora gukomera vuba cyane.
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ARDS?
ARDS si indwara yibasira ubwayo. Iba bitewe n'indi ndwara cyangwa impanuka. Reka turebe zimwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zikurikira.
| Impamvu | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Sepsis | Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ARDS. Muri make, ubwandu bukomeye (urugero: umusonga ) mu mubiri ntibugenzurwa kandi bukwirakwira mu mubiri wose. |
| Gushyira ibiryo/amazi mu bihaha mu mwuka | Iyo ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa cyangwa ibyari mu nda byanyuze mu muyoboro w'amaraso bikagera mu bihaha, bishobora kwangiza ibihaha cyane bigatera ARDS. |
| Gutanga amaraso menshi | Iyo umubiri uhawe amaraso arenga 15 mu gihe gito, hari ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya ARDS. |
| Virusi ya COVID-19 | Abarwayi banduye COVID-19 cyane bashobora kurwara ARDS. |
| Pancreatite | Bitewe no kubyimba gukabije cyangwa kwandura pancreas. |
| Impanuka zikomeye cyangwa ubushyuhe | Kwangirika kw'ibihaha cyangwa izindi ngingo z'umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka ikomeye cyangwa ubushye. |
| Guhumeka umwuka w'uburozi | Kwangirika kw'ibihaha bitewe no guhumeka imyuka y'uburozi cyangwa umwotsi mwinshi. |
| Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge birenze urugero | Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nka kokayine na heroyine cyane. |
| Kurohama mu mazi | Iyo umuntu arohamye, amazi yinjira mu bihaha ashobora kwangiza bikomeye. |
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye?
Abantu basanzwe bari mu bitaro kubera indwara cyangwa impanuka baba bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara ya ARDS. Ariko, si buri wese uri mu bitaro uyirwara. Hari n'ibindi bintu byinshi byongera ibyago:
- Kuba afite imyaka irenga 65.
- Kunywa itabi (kunywa itabi).
- Ubusinzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga.
- Kuba ufite indwara y'ibihaha yari isanzweho.
Izindi ngorane zishobora guterwa na ARDS
ARDS ntigira ingaruka ku bihaha gusa, ahubwo ishobora guteza ingorane zitandukanye haba mu bitaro ndetse no mu gihe wamaze gutaha.
- Amaraso apfundika: Amaraso ashobora kubumba imbere mu mitsi, cyane cyane mu maguru. Ibi tubyita "deep vein thrombosis - DVT``.
- Gucika kw'ibihaha: Ibihaha byangiritse bishobora guturika (pneumothorax) bitewe n'umuvuduko uterwa n'icyuma gihumeka.
- Kudatekereza: Kudatekereza.
- Kunanirwa kw'ingingo nyinshi: Kunanirwa kw'ingingo nk'ubwonko, umutima n'impyiko icyarimwe.
- Intege nke z'imitsi: Imitsi icika intege bitewe no kumara iminsi mu buriri.
- Inkovu mu bihaha: Inkovu zishobora kubaho uko ibihaha bikira (fibrosis y'ibihaha).
- Ibibazo byo mu mutwe: Nyuma yo guhura n'ibintu bibi nk'ibi, indwara nk'indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD), guhangayika no kwiheba bishobora kubaho.
Abaganga babimenya bate?
Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya ARDS bisa n'izindi ndwara z'umutima cyangwa ibihaha, abaganga bakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bemeze niba ari ARDS.
- X-ray yo mu gituza: Kureba ingano y'amazi ari mu bihaha.
- Gupima amaraso: Pima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso hanyuma umenye ubukana bwa ARDS.
- Echocardiogram: Isuzuma rya ultrasound kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'umutima.
- ECG (Electrocardiogram): Reba imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima.
- Pulse Oximetry: Gukurikirana buri gihe urugero rwa ogisijeni hakoreshejwe igikoresho gito gifatanye n'urutoki.
- Gupima ibihaha mu buryo bwa CT: Shaka amakuru arambuye ku bihaha.
- Gusuzuma imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero: Shaka icyateye ubwandu.
Ivurwa ite?
Intego nyamukuru y'ubuvuzi bwa ARDS ni ukongera urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso no gukumira izindi ngingo z'umubiri gucika intege. Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, abarwayi bakeneye ubufasha bwo guhumeka n'umwuka wa ogisijeni .
Ubu buvuzi bwose bukorerwa mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU), bukurikiranwa buri gihe n’abaganga b’inzobere n’abaforomo.
Byongeye kandi, abaganga bakora ibindi bintu byinshi kugira ngo bagabanye ingorane.
- Imiti igabanya ububabare itangwa kugira ngo igabanye ububabare n'ihungabana.
- Umurwayi ahinduka umuntu uhagaze neza aho kuba umuntu uhagaze neza. Ibi bituma umwuka wa ogisijeni ugera mu bihaha byoroshye.
- Imiti igabanya amaraso itangwa kugira ngo hirindwe kubyimba kw'amaraso.
- Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso itangwa kugira ngo ikure amazi arenze urugero mu mubiri no mu bihaha.
- Vura cyangwa wirinde indwara zandura niba zihariHatangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge.
- Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri bukoreshwa mu gukumira intege nke z'imitsi.
Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire kandi agire icyizere?
Igihe bifata giterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara n'umuvuduko w'ibihaha. Ubusanzwe, bishobora gufata amezi atandatu kugeza ku mwaka kugira ngo umuntu agarure imikorere ye isanzwe y'ibihaha nyuma ya ARDS. Ariko, hari abantu badakira neza.
Igipimo cy’ubuzima bwa ARDS cyariyongereye cyane. Iyo ivuwe hakiri kare, hagati ya 55% na 70% irarokoka. Ariko, iki gipimo kiragabanuka iyo ivurwa ritinze cyangwa izindi ngingo zitangiye kunanirwa.
Gukira ni urugendo rurerure. Abantu benshi bashobora guhumeka bonyine nyuma yo gukurwa mu cyuma gifasha guhumeka. Bamwe bakira burundu. Abandi bashobora kugira ibibazo by'ibihaha igihe kirekire. Bazakenera gukomeza gukurikiranwa n'inzobere mu by'imitsi.
Wibuke ko kumara igihe mu cyumba cy’indembe ari igihe kigoye cyane ku murwayi no ku muryango. Inkunga y’umuryango wawe n’inshuti zawe izaba ingenzi cyane kuri wewe mu rugendo rwawe rwo gukira.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- ARDS ni indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga iterwa n'amazi yuzuye mu dufuka tw'umwuka two mu bihaha.
- Iyi si indwara yibasira ubwayo; akenshi iba iterwa n'indi ndwara, nka sepsis, pneumonia, cyangwa impanuka zikomeye.
- Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni uguhumeka nabi cyane, guhumeka vuba, no kuba umwuka muke mu maraso.
- Ubuvuzi bukorerwa mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) hifashishijwe imashini zifasha guhumeka n’umwuka wa ogisijeni.
- Gukira bishobora gufata amezi cyangwa umwaka, kandi ni urugendo rurerure kandi rumara kwihangana.
- Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, ni ngombwa kujya mu bitaro byihutirwa (ETU) byihutirwa.
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