Ukumva ufite intege nke kandi nta buzima ufite? Reka tuvuge kuri ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

Tekereza ko imirimo yoroshye ukora buri munsi, nko guterura igikombe, gusokoza umusatsi, cyangwa kuzamuka ingazi, igenda irushaho kugorana. Ese wumva amaguru n'amaboko yawe arimo gucika intege, imitsi yawe irimo kunyeganyega, cyangwa amagambo yawe arimo gucika intege iyo uvuga? Ibi ni ibimenyetso bya mbere by'indwara ikomeye abantu benshi birengagiza, ariko birashoboka. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ndwara, ari yo ALS, cyangwa Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Mu magambo make, ALS ni iki?

ALS ni indwara igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu. Mu by'ukuri, ni indwara yangiza uturemangingo tw'imitsi, cyangwa se neurons, mu bwonko bwacu no mu ruti rw'umugongo. Utu tunyatwita neurons zitwara imitsi. Inshingano yatwo nyamukuru ni ugufata ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bwacu tukabwohereza mu mitsi yacu. Ingendo zose nko "kuzamura ukuboko kwawe", "shyira ukuguru imbere", "fungura umunwa wawe" zigenzurwa n'ubu butumwa.

Tekereza nk'umurongo wa telefoni uva mu bwonko bwawe ujya mu mitsi yawe. Iyo indwara ya ALS ikuze, iyi mirongo ya telefoni iracika buhoro buhoro. Hanyuma ubutumwa bwoherejwe buva mu bwonko ntibugera ku mitsi neza. Ubutumwa burahagarara. Amaherezo, isano irabura burundu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imitsi ntibona itegeko ryo gukora, bityo igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi iragabanuka. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita atrophy .

Iyi ndwara yigeze kwitwa indwara ya Lou Gehrig. Ibyo biterwa nuko umukinnyi w’icyamamare wa baseball mu myaka ya 1920 na 1930 yarwaye iyi ndwara. Nta muti uhari uhari. Ariko ntugire ikibazo, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bwakozwe kugira ngo bufashe mu kurwanya iyi ndwara, kugabanya ibimenyetso, no kubaho ubuzima bwiza.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya ALS.

Iyi ndwara ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bitewe n'uko ibaho.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso ugomba kwitondera?

Ibimenyetso bya ALS bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi kandi indwara ishobora gutangirira mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutangirira ku kuboko kumwe cyangwa ukuguru kumwe hanyuma bigakwirakwira no mu bindi bice by'umubiri uko igihe kigenda gihita. Umuvuduko w'iyi ndwara si umwe kuri buri wese.

Kuki ALS ikura? Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Mu by’ukuri, abashakashatsi ntibarabona impamvu nyayo itera ALS, ariko hari ibintu byinshi bivugwa ko bishobora kuyitera.

• Genetike: Ubwoko bwa ALS mu muryango twavuze mbere buterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Byagaragaye kandi ko igice gito cy'abarwayi ba ALS bahura n'ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo.
• Ibintu bidukikije: Guhura n’ibintu bihumanya nka lisansi na mercure, virusi zimwe na zimwe, cyangwa ibikomere bikomeye by’umubiri nabyo bivugwa ko bishobora kubitera.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara:

• Imyaka: Abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 55 na 75 bari mu kaga gakomeye.
• Igitsina: Mu bantu bari munsi y'imyaka 55, abagabo ni bo bafite amahirwe make yo kurwara iyi ndwara kurusha abagore.
• Umurimo wa gisirikare: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abahoze mu gisirikare (cyane cyane mu mahanga) bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ALS. Ibi bishobora guterwa no guhura n'ibintu birimo uburozi cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri ikomeye.

Ni gute umuganga asuzuma iyi ndwara?

ALS si indwara ishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe ikizamini kimwe gusa. Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zifite ibimenyetso bisa. Kubwibyo, muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo agaragaze ko hari izindi ndwara.

Ibi ni byo bizamini bikunze gukorwa:

• Gupima amaraso n'inkari: Reba izindi ndwara mu mubiri.
• Electromyogram (EMG): Iyi isuzuma imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imitsi.
• Inyigo yo Gutwara Imitsi: Ipima umuvuduko ubutumwa bunyuramo mu mitsi.
• Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance (MRI):Hakorwa isuzuma rya MRI kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibyangiritse cyangwa ibibyimba biri mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ALS?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, nta muti uhari wa ALS cyangwa umuti w’iyi ndwara. Ariko, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’ibimenyetso no gufasha abarwayi kubaho neza kandi mu bwisanzure.

Muganga wawe n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga bashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara nk'izi:

Imiti

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ishobora gufasha kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara no kugenzura bimwe mu bimenyetso. `Riluzole` na `Edaravone` ni bibiri mu by'ingenzi. Byongeye kandi, hari imiti itandukanye itangwa ku bintu nko gukomera kw'imitsi, gutemba amate, ububabare, no kwiheba.

Uburyo bwo kuvura no gusana

• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Butanga imyitozo ngororamubiri n'inama kugira ngo bufashe imitsi gukomeza gukomera, wirinde gukomera kw'ingingo, kandi bugufashe gukora ku giti cyawe igihe cyose gishoboka.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Butanga uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho nk'amagare y'abamugaye n'ibikoresho byo kugenda n'amaguru ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi mu buryo bworoshye.
• Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga: Gutoza kugira ubushobozi bwo kuvuga igihe kirekire gishoboka, kumira ibiryo mu mutekano, no gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho bibaye ngombwa.

Inkunga y'imirire

Kugorwa no kumira bishobora gutuma umuntu agabanya ibiro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukurikiza inama z'inzobere mu mirire no kurya indyo yoroshye kumira kandi itanga intungamubiri zikenewe. Hari ubwo umuyoboro wo kugaburira ushobora gukoreshwa mu kugeza ibiryo mu nda binyuze mu mazuru cyangwa mu nda.

Inkunga yo guhumeka

Uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, imitsi yo guhumeka iracika intege. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho nka `Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV)` bitanga umwuka binyuze mu gapfukamunwa kambarwa ku mazuru no mu kanwa, bishobora gukenerwa. Mu ntambwe za nyuma, ubufasha bw'imashini ipompa umwuka mu bihaha (mechanical ventilation) bushobora gukenerwa.

Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe nabwo ni ingenzi cyane.

Kumenya ko urwaye indwara nka ALS no kubaho nayo bishobora kugutera impagarara nyinshi. Umuntu ashobora kumva ababaye, yihebye, afite uburakari, yihebye ndetse akagira n’imihangayiko.