Menya ibijyanye na Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, indwara y'amaraso yangiza amaraso mu mubiri wawe.

Ese nawe wumva unaniwe buri gihe? Ese uhora ubabara umutwe ndetse no nyuma yo kugenda igihe runaka? Ese uruhu rwawe rimwe na rimwe ruhindura ibara rukagaragara nk'umuhondo? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara isanzwe yo kubura amaraso. Ariko rimwe na rimwe hari inkuru igoye inyuma yayo. Ni indwara idakunze kubaho aho ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wawe butangira intambara ku turemangingo tw'amaraso yawe. Ibyo nibyo tuvuga uyu munsi.

Anemia yo mu maraso iterwa na autoimmune hemolytic (AIHA) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kudakora amaraso mu mubiri (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA) ni indwara ituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwibasira uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twibereye mu buzima busanzwe.

Tekereza nawe, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ni utuntu duto dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Tuba mu ruganda rwitwa 'bone marrow' ruri mu magufwa yacu. Ugereranyije, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tubaho iminsi igera kuri 120.

Ariko ku muntu ufite AIHA, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bumeze nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda bw'umubiri, bubona uturemangingo dutukura nk'uturemangingo tw'umwanzi. Hanyuma, utwo dukoresho two kwirinda, ni ukuvuga uturemangingo tw'umubiri, dufata kandi tugasenya uturemangingo dutukura. Umuvuduko w'uku kwangirika ni wo wihuta cyane kurusha uko umwongo w'amagufwa ushobora gukora uturemangingo dushya dutukura. Hari igihe, uturemangingo tugomba kubaho iminsi 120 turimbuka mu minsi mike gusa. Bityo, umubiri ntubona umwuka uhagije wa ogisijeni kandi ibimenyetso nk'umunaniro n'intege nke bitangira kugaragara.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa AIHA?

AIHA igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri, bitewe n'uburyo umubiri witwara mu bushyuhe.

• Anemia yo mu maraso iterwa no gushyuha mu maraso: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Muri iyi ndwara, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwangiza uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ku bushyuhe bw'umubiri busanzwe cyangwa buri hejuru y'ubushyuhe busanzwe. Ibi biterwa n'ubwoko runaka bw'umusemburo witwa IgG.
• Anemia yo mu maraso iterwa n'ibicurane (Indwara ya Agglutinine iterwa n'ibicurane - CAD): Iyi ni ubwoko budasanzwe cyane. Muri ubu buryo, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso turangirika iyo umubiri uhuye n'ibicurane. Akenshi ku bushyuhe buri hasi ya dogere selisiyusi 3-4. Ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'umusemburo witwa IgM.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso byinshi bya AIHA bisa n'iby'amaraso asanzwe. Hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato.

Ni iki gitera AIHA?

Hari igihe nta mpamvu yihariye ishobora kuboneka. Iyi tuyita AIHA y'ibanze. Ariko akenshi ishobora guterwa n'indi ndwara cyangwa imiti (Secondary AIHA).

Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi:

• Izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri: Abantu bafite izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, nka lupus, bashobora kurwara AIHA.
• Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri: cyane cyane kanseri zifitanye isano n'amaraso nka (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) na (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma) .
• Indwara za virusi na bagiteri: Indwara nka virusi ya Epstein-Barr (virusi itera mononucleosis, imeze nk'ibicurane), virusi ya Cytomegalovirus , VIH , na Mycoplasma pneumoniae .
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti imwe n'imwe irwanya udukoko (urugero, penisiline) n'indi miti nabyo bishobora gutera iyi ndwara. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose ufata.

Wamenya ute ko ufite AIHA?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga wawe . Azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe, imiti ufata, kandi azagusuzuma. Nibiba ngombwa, azakohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso.

Hakorwa ibizamini byinshi by'amaraso kugira ngo hemezwe AIHA.

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Ibi bipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, n'uturemangingo twa platelet. Umubare muto w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ni ikimenyetso cy'amaraso adahagije.
• Gupima amaraso mu gice cyo hagati: Isuzuma ry'amaraso rikorwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe imiterere y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso n'uko twangiritse.
• Umubare wa reticulocytes: Ibi bipima umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tudakuze tukorwa n'umusokoro w'amagufwa. Iyo uyu mubare uri hejuru, bivuze ko umusokoro w'amagufwa ukora cyane kugira ngo ushobore gukora uturemangingo dushya kugira ngo dusimbuze utwo turimo kwangirika.
• Ikizamini cya Coombs: Iki ni cyo kizamini cy'ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma AIHA. Kishobora kugaragaza niba umubiri wawe urimo gukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Ibindi bizamini: Byongeye kandi, ibizamini nka Bilirubin na Haptoglobin birashobora gukorwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura AIHA?

Niba indwara yawe idakomeye cyane, ushobora kudakenera kuvurwa. Ariko, ugomba guhora ukurikiranwa na muganga. Niba hari ibimenyetso cyangwa niba amaraso afite akabije, uzatangira kuvurwa.

• Steroids: Steroids, nka prednisolone, ni yo nzira ya mbere yo kuvura. Izi zigabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora cyane kandi zigahagarika kwangirika kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Indi miti igenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (Immunosuppressants): Iyo indwara idakira imiti ya steroid, hakoreshwa imiti nka Rituximab na Azathioprine.
• Kubaga amenyo y’umura: Mu gihe imiti idakora neza, cyane cyane muri AIHA ishyushye, amenyo y’umura, ari na yo yangiritseho uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura, abagwa.
• Guterwa amaraso: Iyo amaraso afite ubukana bukomeye cyane kandi akaga ubuzima, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko aterwa amaraso.
• Vitamine n'inyongeramusaruro: Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha ibintu nka aside folike, ikenewe mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ntukigere ufata vitamine iyo ari yo yose utabanje kugisha inama muganga wawe.

Inama zihariye ku bafite indwara ya AIHA yo mu bwoko bwa “Cold AIHA”

Niba ufite ubwoko bw'indwara iterwa n'ubukonje, ni ingenzi cyane kwirinda ubukonje .

• Ambara uturindantoki mu gihe ukura ibintu muri firigo cyangwa muri firigo.
• Mu gihe ugiye gusohoka mu minsi y'ubukonje, ambara neza, wambare ingofero, kandi ushyiremo agapfukamunwa.
• Ntugabanye AC cyane mu rugo.
• Mbere yo kwinjira mu modoka ku munsi w'ubukonje, tangira gato hanyuma ureke imbere mu modoka hashyuhe.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora kubaho iyo zitavuwe?

Iyo AIHA idagenzuwe, hashobora kubaho ingorane zikomeye.

• Amaraso afunganye: Hari ibyago byinshi byo kuvura amaraso, cyane cyane mu maguru no mu bihaha. Amaraso afunganye mu bihaha (Pulmonary Embolism) ashobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
• Indwara z'umutima: Kubura amaraso mu mubiri igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma umutima ucika intege kuko umutima ugomba gukora cyane.
• Kwangirika kw'impyiko: Kwangirika gukabije kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso bishobora kwangiza impyiko.