Wenda nyuma yo kubagwa bikomeye cyangwa impanuka ikomeye, muganga yarakubwiye ati: "Nkeneye gutanga amaraso." Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika iyo wumvise aya magambo. "Ese ngiye gutanga amaraso y'undi muntu? Ese nta kibazo kirimo? Ese hari ikibazo kirimo?" Ibintu nk'ibyo bishobora kuza mu mutwe. Ariko gutanga amaraso mu by'ukuri ni uburyo busanzwe kandi bufite umutekano mu buvuzi bwa none. Reka rero dushake ibisubizo by'ibibazo byose ufite kuri ibi uyu munsi.
Guterwa amaraso ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, gutanga amaraso bivuze gusubiza amaraso cyangwa igice cy'amaraso cyatakaye mu mubiri wawe bitewe n'indwara cyangwa impanuka.
Tekereza amaraso yacu nk'urutonde rw'ibice byinshi. Afite ibice bine by'ingenzi:
- Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura: Ni two dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu yose.
- Uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Utu ni uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu turwanya indwara n'udukoko twinjira mu mubiri wacu.
- Platelets: Utu tunyangingo duto dufasha guhagarika kuva amaraso iyo habayeho igikomere.
- Plasma: Iki ni igice cy'amazi mu maraso. Uturemangingo twose twavuzwe haruguru turarerembamo. Kirimo kandi poroteyine zifasha amaraso kubumba.
Kera, iyo byageraga ku gutanga amaraso, amaraso yose yakunze gutangwa. Ariko ubu, kubera ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, abaganga bareba igice cy'umubiri wawe kibura . Hanyuma baguha igice gikenewe gusa. Urugero, niba ufite uturemangingo dutukura duke, ushobora gutanga igice gusa. Niba ufite plaquette nke, ushobora gutanga igice gusa. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ingorane nyinshi zitari ngombwa.
Kuki tugomba gutanga amaraso?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma gutanga amaraso biba ngombwa. Reka turebe impamvu nyamukuru.
| Impamvu | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Kubagwa gukomeye cyangwa impanuka zikomeye | Mu gihe cyo kubagwa cyangwa impanuka ikomeye, amaraso menshi ashobora gusohoka mu mubiri. Ayo maraso make agomba gusimbuzwa. |
| Kuva amaraso mu nzira y'igogora | Iyo amaraso aturutse mu nzira y'igifu bitewe n'indwara nk'ibisebe byo mu gifu cyangwa izindi mpamvu, bizaba ngombwa gusimbuza amaraso make mu gihe cyo kuyagenzura. |
| Indwara zitera kubura amaraso | Mu gihe cy'indwara ya kanseri, nka kanseri y'amaraso, n'indwara z'impyiko, umusaruro w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tuzima ugabanuka mu mubiri. Amaraso atangwa mu rwego rwo kuvura indwara yo kubura amaraso iterwa n'iyo ndwara. |
| Uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri | Uburyo bwo kuvura nk'imirasire cyangwa imiti ivura indwara ya chimiotherapie bushobora kwangiza umwongo w'amagufwa, ari nawo utanga uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Kubwibyo, iyo uturemangingo tw'amaraso tugabanutse, amaraso aratangwa. |
| Indwara z'amaraso n'indwara z'umwijima | Zimwe mu ndwara z’amaraso zikomoka ku maraso (urugero: thalassemia) n’indwara zikomeye z’umwijima na zo zishobora gusaba guterwa amaraso kenshi. |
Reka twige ku bwoko bw'amaraso n'uko ahuye n'uko ateye.
Iki ni cyo kibazo gikomeye abantu benshi bibaza. "Ese nshobora gutanga amaraso aturutse ku muntu uwo ari we wese?" Igisubizo ni "Oya." Iyo wahawe amaraso, amaraso wahawe agomba kuba ahuye neza n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe.
Ubwoko bw'amaraso yacu ni bune ahanini: A, B, AB, na O. Byongeye kandi, hari ikindi kintu cyitwa Rh factor . Bitewe n'ibi, ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe bushobora kuba bwiza (+) cyangwa bubi (-). (Urugero: A+, O-, B+).
Tekereza ko uturemangingo tw’amaraso dufite urufunguzo rukubereye. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso utanga tugomba kuba dufite urufunguzo rumwe. Iyo urufunguzo ruhindutse, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe buzamenya uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso nk’umwanzi maze bugatangira kutwibasira. Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye.
Niyo mpamvu ibigo nka Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amaraso muri Sri Lanka bipima byimazeyo ubwoko bw’amaraso, Rh factor, n’indwara zitandukanye za buri wese utanga amaraso.
- Ubwoko bw'amaraso O: Umuntu ufite ubwoko bw'amaraso O yitwa " Utanga amaraso ku isi yose"."Mu gihe cy'impanuka, iyo nta mwanya wo kumenya ubwoko nyabwo bw'amaraso, amaraso ya O-negative (O-) ashobora guhabwa umuntu uwo ari we wese."
- Ubwoko bw'amaraso ya AB: Umuntu ufite ubwoko bw'amaraso ya AB yitwa " uwakira amaraso yose ." Ibi bivuze ko ashobora kwakira amaraso aturutse mu bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso.
Uburyo gutanga amaraso bibaho n'ingorane zishobora kubaho
Gutanga amaraso akenshi bikorerwa mu bitaro cyangwa mu ivuriro. Kanula nto ishyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe, aho amaraso ahuzwa. Iki gikorwa gishobora gufata hagati y'isaha 1 na 4. Umuganga cyangwa abaforomo bazagukurikirana muri icyo gihe cyose.
None se nta ngaruka zihari?
Gutanga amaraso muri rusange ni umutekano . Ariko, kimwe no mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo kwa muganga, hari ingorane zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho. Ntugatinye, icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ibi.
- Umuriro: Ni ibisanzwe kugira umuriro mu masaha make nyuma yo gutanga amaraso. Akenshi, ibi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ariko, niba ufite umuriro hamwe n'isesemi cyangwa ububabare mu gatuza , bwira muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo wawe ako kanya .
- Indwara zo kugira ubwivumbure: Hari igihe, nubwo waba watewe amaraso ahuye neza, umubiri wawe ushobora kugira ubwivumbure buke kuri yo. Ibi bishobora gutera uburyaryate, imisonga, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso. Ibi bikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo guterwa amaraso cyangwa nyuma yaho.
- Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera indwara: Izi ndwara ni gake cyane , ariko ni zikomeye.
- Uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’amaraso mu buryo butunguranye: Iki ni cyo gihe umubiri wawe wibasira uturemangingo dutukura twatanzwe. Ibi biba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi. Ibimenyetso birimo umuriro, ubukonje, isesemi, ububabare mu gituza cyangwa mu gice cyo hasi cy’umugongo, n’inkari zijimye.
- Uburyo bwo gutinda kwa hemolytic: Ibi bisa n'ibyo twavuze haruguru, ariko ibimenyetso bigaragara buhoro buhoro, nyuma y'iminsi mike.
- Kwandura amaraso: Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi batinya. Ariko ukuri ni uko, muri iki gihe, ibyago ni bike cyane kuko abatanga amaraso n'abayahabwa bakorerwa isuzuma rikomeye cyane.
- Ubwinshi bw'icyuma/Hemochromatosis: Ibi ntibibaho ku muntu wahawe amaraso rimwe gusa. Abarwayi bahabwa amaraso kenshi, mu myaka myinshi (urugero: abarwayi ba thalassemia), bashobora kugira urugero rw'icyuma rwinshi mu mubiri wabo. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima no ku mwijima.
- Indwara ya graft-versus-host: Iyi ni gake cyane.Ariko ni ikibazo gishobora kwica. Ibi bibaho iyo uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera mu maraso yatanzwe twibasira umusokoro w’umurwayi. Ibi bikunze kubaho cyane ku barwayi bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye cyane.
- Gutera amaraso ni uburyo busanzwe cyane, burokora ubuzima, kandi muri rusange bufite umutekano.
- Uhabwa gusa ibice by'amaraso umubiri wawe ukeneye (urugero: uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uduce duto tw'amaraso).
- Amaraso yose atangwa apimwa neza kugira ngo harebwe ko ahuye n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe kandi nta ndwara zitandukanye arwaye. Kubwibyo, ibyago byo kwandura indwara ni bike cyane.
- Niba ugize ibimenyetso bidasanzwe nko kugira umuriro, kuribwa, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kubabara mu gatuza mu gihe cyo gutanga amaraso cyangwa nyuma yaho, bimenyeshe muganga wawe cyangwa abaforomo vuba vuba .
- Niba ugifite ikibazo kuri ibi, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe. Ni uburenganzira bwawe.
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bihugu byateye imbere, ibyago byo kwandura indwara nka virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu guterwa amaraso ni hafi umuntu umwe kuri miliyoni ebyiri. Ibyo ni bike ugereranyije no gukubitwa n'inkuba. Ibyago byo kwandura indwara nka Hepatite B na C nabyo ni bike cyane.
Ntugahangayikishwe n'izi ngaruka. Wibuke ko umuganga afata icyemezo cyo kuguha amaraso kuko ingaruka zo kudatanga amaraso ziruta kure izi ngaruka nto zo gutanga amaraso .
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