Uburyo bugezweho bwo gukoresha uturemangingo twawe bwite mu kurwanya kanseri (CAR T-cell Therapy)

Ese wigeze utekereza ko umubiri wacu ushobora kurwanya kanseri wonyine? Mu by’ukuri, umubiri wacu ufite ubwirinzi bw’ubwenge cyane bwitwa ubwirinzi bw’umubiri. Ufite igice cyihariye cy’uturemangingo twa T, tumeze nk’abasirikare. Akazi kabo ni ugushaka no gusenya mikorobe z’amahanga n’uturemangingo twahinduwe twinjira mu mubiri. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, uturemangingo twa kanseri tuba dufite amayeri menshi. Twihisha kuri utwo turemangingo twa T, tukadushuka kandi tugakurira mu mubiri. Muri ibyo bihe, tugiye kuvuga ku buvuzi bushya kandi butangaje bufasha uturemangingo twa T kumenya no gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri tubiha "amahugurwa yihariye."

Mu magambo make, ubuvuzi bwa CAR T-cells ni iki?

Nubwo izina rishobora kumvikana nk'irigoye, igitekerezo cyoroshye cyane. Uburyo bwo kuvura selile za CAR T ni ubwoko bwa immunotherapy. Bukubiyemo gufata zimwe mu selile za T zawe bwite no kuzihindura muri laboratwari.

Tekereza uturemangingo twa T nk'abapolisi. Uturemangingo twa kanseri tumeze nk'abajura bihishe. Ubusanzwe, polisi ntishobora kumenya aba bajura. Uburyo bwo kuvura uturemangingo twa T ni nko guha abapolisi bawe (uturemangingo twa T) indorerwamo zidasanzwe. Iyi ndorerwamo yitwa 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor' (CAR) . Ikorerwa muri laboratwari kandi igafata uturemangingo twa T.

Noneho, iyo iyi ndorerwamo yihariye ishyizweho, uturemangingo twa T tubasha kumenya neza poroteyine runaka (antigens) ku buso bw'uturemangingo twa kanseri. Uturemangingo twa kanseri twari twahishwe mbere ubu tuba tugaragara neza. Uturemangingo twa T, twabonye izi mbaraga zikomeye, tujya mu buryo butaziguye kwibasira uturemangingo twa kanseri no kutwica. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gukiza burundu ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso no gufasha abandi kubaho igihe kirekire barwaye kanseri.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ubu buvuzi buvura?

Muri iki gihe, ubuvuzi bwa CAR T-cell bukoreshwa gusa ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso itarakira ubundi buryo bwo kuvura (nk'imiti ivura kanseri) cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kubera ko bukiri uburyo bushya cyane bwo kuvura, si kanseri zose zihabwa.

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ubwoko bwa kanseri ubu buryo bwemewe gukoresha.

Iyi gahunda yo kuvura igenda ite?

Iyi gahunda yose ikorwa mu ntambwe nyinshi. Ni nko gutoza abasirikare intambara hanyuma bakabohereza ku rugamba.

Intambwe ya 1: Gukusanya uturemangingo twa T

Ubwa mbere, umubiri wawe ugomba gukusanya uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera, cyane cyane uturemangingo twa T. Ibi bikorwa binyuze mu buryo bwitwa leukapheresis . Ibi bikubiyemo kohereza amaraso yawe binyuze mu mashini, itandukanya uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera gusa, hanyuma igasubiza andi maraso mu mubiri wawe. Ibi ni nko gutanga amaraso, ariko igice kimwe cy’amaraso ni cyo gifatwa hanyuma andi agasubizwa.

2. Intambwe: Ohereza uturemangingo twa T muri laboratwari hanyuma uhindure

Hanyuma, uturemangingo twa T twakuweho twoherezwa muri laboratwari yihariye. Aho ngaho, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha ubuhanga mu by’imiterere y’uturemangingo kugira ngo bashyiremo CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) twavuze mbere muri uturemangingo twa T. Hanyuma, utwo turemangingo dushya twa CAR T dufite imbaraga nyinshi dukurira muri laboratwari kugeza igihe tugize miliyoni nyinshi. Iki gikorwa kimara ibyumweru bitatu kugeza kuri bitandatu.Bishobora gufata igihe.

3. Intambwe: Gutegura umubiri wawe

Mu gihe selile za CAR T zizakorwa muri laboratwari, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha ubundi buryo bwo kuvura (ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya uburwayi), nka chemotherapy, kugira ngo ugenzure kanseri yawe.

Hanyuma, iminsi mike mbere yuko uhabwa selile za CAR T-cells nshya, uzahabwa imiti ya chimiotherapie iciriritse. Byitwa lymphodepleting chemotherapy . Ibi bikora mu kugabanya uturemangingo tw’umubiri wawe dusanzwe dufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, bigatuma habaho ahantu heza ho gukora selile nshya za CAR T-cells.

4. Intambwe: Gusubiza uturemangingo twa T mu mubiri

Iki ni cyo gikorwa nyamukuru. Kimwe no gutanga umuti wa saline, uturemangingo twa CAR T dushya twinjizwa mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu mutsi (umurongo wa IV). Ibi bifata hagati y'iminota 5 na 30. Iyo utwo turemangingo twinjiye mu mubiri, dutangira kwigwiza ubwatwo, tugashaka uturemangingo twa kanseri kandi tukangiza. Kubera ko utwo turemangingo tuguma mu mubiri igihe kirekire kandi tukarwanya kanseri, bamwe bita ubu buryo bwo kuvura "umuti muzima."

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kuvurwa? Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iki kibazo?

Kubera ko ubu ari uburyo bukomeye bwo kuvura, rimwe na rimwe ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho. Kubwibyo, ugomba kumara mu bitaro mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe kugeza ku minsi icumi nyuma yo kuvurwa. Abaganga n'abaforomo bazagukurikiranira hafi.

Ingaruka z'ingenzi

Hari ingaruka ebyiri z’ingenzi kandi zikunze kugaragara z’ubu buvuzi. Nubwo zishobora kuba mbi, abaganga bafite ibikoresho bihagije byo kuzivura.

Ubu buvuzi bwagenze neza gute?

Ubuvuzi bwa CAR T-cells bwazanye icyizere gishya ku bantu benshi bahanganye na kanseri y'amaraso, cyane cyane abatarakira ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

• Urugero, abana barenga 85% bahawe ubu buvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri y’uruhinja (ALL) mu bwana, bakize burundu kanseri yabo nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kandi 60% muri bo ntibari bafite kanseri nyuma y’umwaka umwe nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Iri koranabuhanga riracyatera imbere. Abashakashatsi hirya no hino ku isi bahora bagerageza kunoza ubu buryo bwo kuvura, kugabanya ingaruka mbi, no kureba niba bushobora gukoreshwa ku bundi bwoko bwa kanseri.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Ingaruka mbi z'ubu buryo bwo kuvura, cyane cyane indwara ya Cytokine Release Syndrome n'ibibazo by'imitsi, bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Mbere yo kuva mu bitaro, baza muganga wawe ibimenyetso ugomba kumenya by'umwihariko.

Niba ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, ubukonje, kuribwa umutwe, no kugira isesemi bikomeje, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye. Niba ari uko bimeze, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye kwa muganga wita ku barwayi ba ETU (ETU) bo mu bitaro.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite kanseri y'amaraso, ganira na muganga wawe niba uburyo bwo kuvura CAR T-cells bukwiriye kuri wewe. Nubwo ubu buryo butari ubwa buri wese, bushobora guhindura ubuzima bw'umuntu ukwiye.