Ni iki kirimo kuba ku kwibuka kwawe? Reka twige ku ndwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)?

Ese hari igihe ujya utekereza uti "Oh, nanjye nibagiwe ibi!"? Kwibagirwa utuntu duto rimwe na rimwe no kwitiranya ibintu bishobora kuba ibisanzwe. Ariko, ibintu nko gutakaza kwibuka buhoro buhoro no guhinduka mu myitwarire nabyo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara idasanzwe, ariko ikomeye cyane, igira ingaruka ku bwonko. Iyo ni indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, cyangwa CJD nk'uko tuyita mu magambo ahinnye.

Uyu CJD ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza kuri ibi, ubwonko bwacu ni imashini igoye cyane. Kugira ngo iyi mashini ikore neza, ibice byayo bito, byitwa uturemangingo, bigomba kuba bifite ubuzima bwiza. CJD ni indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi ikomeye ihita isenya uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bwacu buhoro buhoro. Impamvu nyamukuru ibi ni ubwoko budasanzwe bwa poroteyine bwitwa "prions" .

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti 'prions' ni iki. Mu mubiri wacu, cyane cyane mu bwonko, hari ibintu byitwa poroteyine. Ibi bimeze nk'imashini nto, bifite imiterere yihariye, kandi iyo biri muri iyo miterere ni bwo gusa bishobora gukora akazi kabyo neza. Tekereza nka origami. Iyo uyipfunyitse neza, ushobora gukora inyamaswa nziza cyangwa indabyo. Ariko iyo uyipfunyitse nabi? Ntibikora. Uko ni ko izi poroteyine zimeze. Hari igihe izi poroteyine zipfunyitse nabi. Izo poroteyine zipfunyitse nabi tuzita 'prions'.

Izi 'prions' zigoranye zitangira kwirundanya mu turemangingo tw'ubwonko. Zirakusanya zikanasenya utwo turemangingo. Ni nk'umurundo w'imyanda irundanya buri munsi. Niyo mpamvu abarwayi ba CJD bagira ibimenyetso bya dementia , nko kwibagirwa no kwiheba. Bashobora kandi kugira impinduka mu myitwarire no kugorwa no kugenda.

Igikomeye ni uko CJD ihora yica. Nta muti uraboneka, kandi nta buryo bwo kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara. Ariko, hari uburyo bwo kuvura no kwita ku barwayi bushobora gufasha kubaho neza no kugabanya ububabare.

Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara. Ku isi yose, iyi ndwara igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri umwe kugeza kuri babiri muri miliyoni buri mwaka. Ndetse no mu gihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu bagera kuri 350 gusa ni bo bafatwa n’indwara ya CJD buri mwaka.

Hari ubwoko bumwe bw'ibi bwitwa ``variant CJD``` (cyangwa ``vCJD```) . Nanone ni gake cyane. Biterwa no kurya inyama z'inka zifite indwara ya ``bovine spongiform encephalopathy`` (BSE), ikaba ari indwara yibasira inka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya CJD? Reka tubirebe kuva ku ntangiriro.

Ibimenyetso bya CJD bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro. Ariko, uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwiyongera vuba. Reka turebe ibimenyetso by'ingenzi, kuva mu ntangiriro z'indwara kugeza mu mpera zayo:

• Ibibazo byo kwibagirwa no kwibuka:Bitangirana no kwibagirwa utuntu duto. Ibintu nk'izina ry'inshuti, umuhanda, cyangwa akazi wakoraga. Buhoro buhoro, ibi birushaho kuba bibi.
• Urujijo no kujijinganya: Ntushobora kwibuka aho uri, isaha ni iyihe, cyangwa uwo uri hafi.
• Impinduka mu myitwarire no mu miterere: Ushobora kuba utari wa wundi wari usanzwe. Ushobora kurakara vuba, kumva ubabaye, cyangwa gutakaza amarangamutima yose.
• Ibibazo byo kureba, kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibyo ubona: Ubushobozi bwo kureba burushaho kuba buke, kandi ntushobora kumenya ibyo ubona.
• Kurota cyangwa kwibeshya: Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bitariho, cyangwa kugira imyizerere itari yo ko hari umuntu ushaka kukugirira nabi.
• Ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere y'umubiri (ataxia): Ushobora kudashobora kugenda neza, kugorwa no kugenzura amaguru n'amaboko yawe, no kuzunguruka nk'umuntu wasinze.
• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza umubiri: Kugwa uhagaze cyangwa ugenda.
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi mu buryo butagenzurwa (`myoclonus`) no gukomera kw'imitsi (`dystonia`): Kuguruka k'ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa kumva imitsi y'umubiri ifunganye.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe: Zishobora kumera nk'izirwaye.
• Kurema: Ibice by'umubiri birarema.
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi: Imitsi y'umubiri iragabanuka.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara kimwe kimwe, cyangwa byinshi bishobora kubaho hamwe. Icy'ingenzi ni ukubonana na muganga vuba bishoboka niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso.

Ni iki gitera CJD? Reka twongere twibuke izo 'prions'

Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, impamvu nyamukuru ya CJD ni poroteyine zigonganye zitwa "prions." Ikintu giteje akaga cyane kuri izi "prions" ni uko zishobora guhomba ndetse na poroteyine zisanzwe kandi zifite ubuzima bwiza. Nk'uko pome imwe mbi ishobora gutuma izindi pome zose zihomba.

Uturemangingo tw’ubwonko ntidushobora gukuraho izi 'prions' zigonze nabi. Bityo zirarundanya, amaherezo zigasenya uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. Uko izi 'prions' zikwirakwira mu bwonko bwose, indwara ikomeza kwiyongera cyane.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa CJD?

Yego, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa CJD:

• CJD idakunze kugaragara: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa CJD bukunze kugaragara cyane. Impamvu nyayo ntabwo izwi. Ibaho mu buryo butunguranye, nta mpamvu igaragara ihari.
• Genetic CJD: Iyi ni umurage. Iterwa na gene ifite inenge ikomoka ku mubyeyi umwe cyangwa bombi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'iyi ndwara: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome na familie insomnia . Ibi biragoye gato, ariko ni indwara zihariye cyane.
• CJD Yabonetse (`CJD Yabonetse`):Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impamvu ziturutse hanze. Urugero, bishobora guterwa no guterwa ingingo z'umubiri n'umuntu urwaye CJD, guterwa ingingo, cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubaga byanduye. Ariko ibi ni gake cyane. Muri iki gihe, hari impungenge nyinshi kuri ibi.
• Ubwoko bwa CJD (vCJD): Twavuze kuri ibi mbere. Biterwa no kurya inyama z'inka zanduye indwara y'inka zishaje (BSE). Inyamaswa zitera BSE zishobora kwanduza abantu ndetse n'izindi nyamaswa.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara CJD?

Umuntu wese ashobora kwandura CJD. Hari igihe 'prions' mu mubiri wawe zishobora kumara imyaka myinshi zitagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, indwara ishobora gukomera vuba kuko ubwonko bwangiritse.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 50 na 80. Ariko, ubwoko bwa CJD bushobora kugaragara hagati y’imyaka 30 na 50.

Ese CJD ni indwara yandura?

Iki ni ikibazo ku bantu benshi. CJD ntikwirakwira mu gukoranaho bisanzwe, nko guhana amaboko, kuganira, cyangwa gusangira. Uburyo bwonyine CJD ishobora kwanduzwa kuva ku muntu umwe ijya ku wundi ni ugutera urugingo cyangwa ingingo z'umubiri bivuye ku muntu ufite CJD, cyangwa hakoreshejwe imisemburo imwe n'imwe ivuye ku muntu wayirwaye.

Bavuga ko ubwoko bwitwa `vCJD` bushobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu guterwa amaraso, ariko ibyo ni gake cyane. Indwara yitwa `vCJD` ubwayo ni gake cyane.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma indwara ya CJD?

Umuganga asuzuma CJD yitonze asuzuma ibimenyetso byawe. Uretse isuzuma ry'umubiri, azakora n'isuzuma ry'imitsi. Bazagusaba gukora imirimo yoroshye kugira ngo bagerageze kumenya ibibazo biri mu bwonko bwawe.

Inzobere zishyira CJD mu cyiciro cya 'spongiform encephalopathy' . Nubwo iri zina rishobora kumvikana nk'irigoye, ryerekeza ku buryo ubwonko bwangiritse na 'prions' busa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ni ukuvuga ko busa n'ikirungo gifite utubyimba.

Kugira ngo hemezwe ko CJD yanduye, hakorwa ibizamini nka MRI scan cyangwa spinal tap (gutobora lumbar).

Byongeye kandi, abaganga bashobora gukoresha ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo barebe izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa na CJD no gukora iperereza kuri CJD:

• Gupima amaraso
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo - cyane cyane kugira ngo harebwe niba ubwoko bw'ikintu ari uruhererekane rw'umubiri
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Isesengura ry'inkari
• Biopsiyo y'ubwonko - Ibi bikorwa gake cyane, gusa iyo ibindi bizamini byose bitatanze igisubizo nyacyo.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura CJD?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti uhari wa CJD, nta buryo bwo kugenzura ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara, cyangwa ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuyigabanya. Ikintu cyonyine abaganga bashobora gukora ni ukugabanya ububabare buterwa n'ibimenyetso. Ibi byitwa uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zibabaza .

Urugero, imiti ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo ivure indwara zo mu mutwe, impinduka mu myitwarire, cyangwa imitsi ihindagurika idasobanutse. Ariko, inyungu z'ubu buryo bwo kuvura ni nke.

Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera vuba cyane. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kwita ku barwayi bawe n'abawe ni ingenzi cyane. Mu ntambwe za nyuma z'indwara, serivisi zo kwita ku barwayi barembye zishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane.

Hari igihe, niba wujuje ibisabwa, itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rishobora kukugira inama yo kwitabira igerageza ry’ubuvuzi ririmo gukora ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi bushya.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ejo hazaza umuntu urwaye CJD ashobora kwitega?

Kubera ko CJD idakira kandi idafite umuti, icyizere cy'umuntu uyirwaye kiba kibi cyane. Iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye, ntabwo bitinda kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo gukora ku giti cye, kugenda no kuvuga buyoyoke.

Kubera ko impinduka zishobora kubaho vuba cyane, ni ngombwa gukorana n'itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo bategure mbere y'igihe kugira ngo ibyifuzo byawe n'ibyo ukeneye bigerweho. Mu by'ukuri, nubwo waba ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi cyangwa udafite, ni byiza ko buri wese agira "amabwiriza mbere y'igihe" . Ibi bivuze ko wanditse mbere y'igihe ubuvuzi wifuza niba utabasha kugaragaza ibyifuzo byawe. Ni ngombwa cyane cyane kugira iyi gahunda hakiri kare mu gihe indwara ikwirakwira vuba nka CJD.

Bitewe n’ubu burwayi bukomeye, ni byiza gusaba inama ku baganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe kugira ngo bagufashe wowe n’umuryango wawe guhangana n’izi mpinduka no gukomeza kugira ubwenge buhamye.

Imyaka yo kubaho y'umurwayi wa CJD ni iyihe?

Abarwayi benshi ba CJD bapfa mu mezi make cyangwa umwaka umwe nyuma yo kurwara. Itandukaniro ryonyine ni ubwoko bwa CJD mu ngirabuzimafatizo, aho abantu bashobora kubaho kuva ku mwaka umwe kugeza ku icumi nyuma y’uko ibimenyetso bitangiye kugaragara.

Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amakuru yihariye kandi agezweho yerekeye indwara yawe. Wibuke ko imibare idakora kuri bose kimwe.

Ese CJD ishobora kwirindwa?

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa CJD ntibushobora kwirindwa. Itandukaniro ni ubwoko bwitwa `vCJD`. Bukomoka ku kurya inyama z'inka zanduye `BSE` (indwara y'inka y'umusazi).

Gupima amatungo bifasha kwirinda ko inka zanduye BSE zinjira mu ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa. Ariko, inyama zitapimwe kandi zitateguwe neza zishobora guteza akaga. Kugira ngo ube ufite umutekano, irinde kurya inyama zitapimwe kandi zitagenzuwe, cyane cyane ibice by'ubwonko cyangwa umworo w'amagufwa.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Gupimwa indwara ya CJD ni ikintu gihindura ubuzima. Bishobora gutuma wumva ko wowe n'isi igukikije mwagiye mu kanya gato. Impinduka nk'izo zishobora kugorana cyane wowe n'abakunzi bawe guhangana nazo.

Niba utazi icyo wakwitega cyangwa uko wabyitwaramo, itsinda ry'abaganga riri hano kugufasha. Bashobora kugufasha gutegura mbere y'igihe no gutegura ibigiye kubaho. Wibuke ko utari wenyine.

CJD , Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, prion, indwara y'ubwonko, indwara z'imitsi, gutakaza kwibuka, kwibagirwa, indwara y'inka y'ibisazi