Ese wigeze wumva ibyerekeye 'Pap smear'? Cyangwa wigeze wumva iby'akabyimba gato ku ijosi ryawe, maze muganga agafata icyitegererezo gito cyako akoresheje urushinge ruto maze akakohereza ngo 'apimwe'? Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, ari byo byitwa cytology. Nubwo bishobora gusa nkaho ari ibintu bito mu buryo bwa mbere, iki ni ikizamini cy'agaciro gakomeye gifasha kumenya indwara mu mubiri wacu hakiri kare. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.
Mu magambo yoroshye, Cytology ni iki?
Mu magambo make, sitology ni inzira yo kureba uturemangingo mu mibiri yacu ukoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo umenye indwara. Ni nko kuba umupolisi. Inzobere yitwa pathologist, ireba uturemangingo mu rugero ruto cyane rw'amazi cyangwa ingingo zakuwe mu mubiri wawe.
Areba cyane cyane impinduka zidasanzwe muri utwo turemangingo. Izi mpinduka zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri . Cyangwa zishobora kuba indwara itaratangira kanseri ishobora kuba kanseri . Si ibyo gusa, iki kizamini kinakoreshwa mu gupima indwara nka bagiteri, udukoko, ibihumyo, cyangwa virusi.
Kuki muganga yategeka ikizamini nk'iki?
Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma muganga wawe agusaba ikizamini cya cytology.
- Mu gupima no gusuzuma kanseri: Iki kizamini gishobora gufasha kumenya ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ni ngombwa kandi kwemeza niba ikibyimba cyangwa ikintu kidasanzwe ari kanseri cyangwa atari yo.
- Gupima indwara zandura: Ibi bikoreshwa mu kumenya mikorobe zateye ubwandu ahantu runaka mu mubiri.
- Kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara zo kubyimba: Iki kizamini gifasha kandi kumenya indwara zimwe na zimwe zo kubyimba mu mubiri, nka sarcoidosis.
Ni ubuhe buryo butandukanye bwo kugerageza izi selile?
Ibi bizamini bya cytology bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi, bitewe n'uburyo muganga agufataho icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo. Reka tubirebe mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe.
| Ubwoko bw'ikizamini | Uburyo bwo kubona uturemangingo | Ingero |
|---|---|---|
| Indwara yo gusohora amaraso (Exfoliative Cytology) | Gusuzuma uturemangingo twakuwe cyangwa twavanywe mu mubiri mu buryo busanzwe. Utwo tunyangingo tuboneka mu mazi yo mu mubiri. | - Ubumenyi bw'inkari - Ibisebe - Amaso ava mu maso, mu gitsina cyangwa mu mabere - Amazi yo mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo - Amazi akikije ibihaha, umutima, cyangwa inda |
| Indwara ya Abrasive Cytology | Uturemangingo tuboneka binyuze mu kutwambura cyangwa kuduhanagura hakoreshejwe igikoresho. Hari igihe uturemangingo twogezwa hakoreshejwe amazi. | - Pap smear: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane bwo gupima umura. - Mu gihe cyo gupima indwara ya bronchoscopy: Gukaraba cyangwa gusukura uturemangingo tw’imiyoboro y’ubuhumekero cyangwa ibihaha. - Mu gihe cyo gupima uturemangingo (endoscopy): Gufata uturemangingo mu bice nko mu mwobo no mu gifu. - Gukuramo uturemangingo tw'uruhu mu dusebe cyangwa ibikomere. |
| Uburyo bwo Kwitabaza/Gukoresha Ingufu mu Guhumeka (FNA) | Gukoresha urushinge ruto cyane kugira ngo utobore uruhu kandi ukureho uturemangingo turimo amazi mu kibyimba cyangwa ikibyimba. Ibi byitwa Fine-Nedle Aspiration (FNA) . | - Uduce twa lymph two mu ijosi no mu kwaha twagutse - Uduce twa tiroyide - Ibibyimba byo mu mabere - Ibinure by'amacandwe |
Ikizamini cy'uturemangingo gikorwa gute?
Noneho reka turebe uko iyi gahunda yose ikora. Hari intambwe nyinshi zishoboka.
1. Gufata icyitegererezo: Ubwa mbere, muganga wawe azafata icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo mu mubiri wawe akoresheje uburyo bukwiye (nk'ugukata, gukaraba, cyangwa gukaraba ukoresheje urushinge).
2. Kohereza muri laboratwari: Hanyuma, iki gipimo gishyirwa ku kirahuri cyangwa kigashyirwa mu icupa rito hanyuma kigashyirwa muri laboratwari.
3. Icyitegererezo cyo gutegura:Muri laboratwari, umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura isuzuma ry’umubiri (cytopreparatory technologist) ategura icyitegererezo kugira ngo gipimwe. Aha, hakoreshwa amabara atandukanye kugira ngo uturemangingo turusheho kugaragara. Ibi byitwa 'gusiga irangi'.
4. Isuzuma rya mikorosikopi: Noneho haje igice cy'ingenzi cyane. Umuganga w’indwara z’umubiri n’umuhanga mu by’indwara bareba iki gipimo cyateguwe bakoresheje mikorosikopi. Basuzuma imiterere y’uturemangingo, ingano yatwo, uburyo uturemangingo dufatanye, imiterere y’uturemangingo, n’ibindi byinshi. Bareba impinduka zidasanzwe cyangwa niba hari udukoko twandura.
5. Gutegura raporo: Amaherezo, umuganga w’indwara akora raporo yuzuye irimo ibyo yabonye n’isuzuma ry’indwara. Iyi raporo ni yo muganga wawe yakira.
Ni iki kibaho mbere na nyuma y'ikizamini?
Akenshi, nta myiteguro yihariye isabwa kugira ngo habeho ikizamini cya cytology. Ariko, bimwe mu bizamini (urugero, niba icyitegererezo cyafashwe binyuze muri endoskopi) bishobora gusaba amabwiriza yihariye. Rero ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe ukeneye gukora mbere yo gupimwa.
Nyuma yo gusuzuma, igihe umuganga wawe abonye raporo y'umuganga w'indwara, azaganira nawe ku bisubizo hanyuma afate umwanzuro w'icyo gukora nyuma.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gupima uturemangingo? Bitandukanye bite no gupima?
Gupima uturemangingo bifite ibyiza byinshi, cyane cyane iyo ugereranije n'ubundi buryo bwo gupima, ari bwo biopsy.
- Urugero ruto cyane rurahagije kuri ibi.
- Ntibabaza cyane kurusha kubagwa.
- Ubwinshi bw'umubiri butera mu mubiri ni buke cyane .
- Ingaruka zo kugira ibibazo ni nke cyane .
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Cytology na Biopsy: Tekereza cytology nko gufata igice cy'itafari cyaguye ku rukuta rw'amatafari ukagisuzuma. Icyo tubona gusa ni uko itafari risa. Biopsy ni ugufata igice gito cy'urukuta ugasuzuma uburyo amatafari n'ibumba byose bihurira. Ni ukuvuga ko muri cytology, tureba uturemangingo ku giti cyatwo cyangwa amatsinda y'uturemangingo. Muri biopsy, dusuzuma imiterere y'igice cyose cy'uturemangingo.
Raporo yakiriwe isobanura iki?
Ibisubizo uzakira bizaterwa n'impamvu y'ikizamini n'igice cy'umubiri cyakuwemo icyitegererezo. Ibisubizo bisanzwe birimo:
| Imiterere y'umusaruro | Ubusobanuro bworoshye |
|---|---|
| Ibisanzwe / Ibibi | Bivuze ko nta ndwara cyangwa uturemangingo twa kanseri twabonetse mu turemangingo twasuzumwe. Iyo habonetse ubwandu, bivuze ko nta bwandu bwagaragaye. |
| Ntabwo bigenwa / Ntibishimishije | Ibi bivuze ko nta tunyangingo twari duhagije mu gipimo kugira ngo tugere ku mwanzuro usobanutse neza. Ikizamini gishobora gukenera gusubirwamo. |
| Ibidasanzwe / Bifite Ishingiro | Bivuze ko uturemangingo tureshya n’utundi tunyangingo dusanzwe. Ariko ibi ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Bishobora kuba ari ubwandu cyangwa izindi mpinduka nto. Raporo ishobora kuba irimo amagambo nka dysplasia, hyperplasia, cyangwa metaplasia. Muganga wawe azabisobanura. |
Ni iki gikurikiraho iyo ibisubizo bitameze neza?
Ntugatinye niba ibisubizo bitameze neza. Muganga wawe azafata icyemezo cy'icyo agomba gukora nyuma akurikije imiterere y'ikibazo. Ashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo, nko gupimwa, cyangwa agasaba gutangira kuvurwa. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo no gukurikiza amabwiriza ye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Cytology ni ikizamini cyoroshye, cyizewe kandi kidatera ububabare gisuzuma uturemangingo tw'umubiri kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara.
- Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gupima kanseri hakiri kare n'indwara zitandukanye.
- Ikizamini cya Pap smear, ikizamini gikunze gukorwa cyane mu bagore, nacyo ni ubwoko bw'ikizamini cya cytology.
- Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe 'bitari bisanzwe', ntabwo bivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Rero ntugahangayike.
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya ku isuzuma cyangwa ibisubizo, ganira na muganga wawe ku mugaragaro.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment