Ese hari igihe wumva urimo gusohora amaraso mu nkari zawe? Cyangwa ukagira ubushye cyangwa ububabare iyo uri kunyara? Iyo ugiye kwa muganga kubera ikintu nk'iki, ashobora kuba yaragusabye gukora ikizamini cyitwa "Urine Cytology." Hari abantu bagira ubwoba gato iyo bumvise iri zina, kuko bibaza ubwoko bw'ikizamini n'ibisubizo bizabaho. Ariko nta mpamvu yo gutinya. Mu by'ukuri biroroshye cyane. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku cyo iki kizamini cya Urine Cytology ari cyo, impamvu gikorwa, n'icyo twakwigiraho.
Mu magambo make, uburyo bwo kuvura inkari (Urine Cytology) ni iki?
Noneho reka tubanze turebe icyo iri zina risobanura. Cytology ni inyigo y'uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu. Mu by'ukuri, ni inyigo y'imiterere, ingano, n'itandukaniro ry'uturemangingo tubireba hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Cytology y'inkari ni inyigo y'uturemangingo mu nkari zawe muri ubu buryo.
Iki kizamini gikorwa n'umuganga w'inzobere mu bijyanye n'ubutabire bw'amaraso . Tubita abaganga b'indwara z'amaraso. Bareba uturemangingo tw'inkari zawe bakoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibitagenda neza, uturemangingo twa kanseri, cyangwa uturemangingo dushobora kuba kanseri.
Mu magambo make, ni nk'umupolisi ushaka "uturemangingo twibasi" twihishe mu turemangingo turi mu nkari zawe.
Iki kizamini gishobora kubona iki?
Intego nyamukuru y'iki kizamini ni ukumenya kanseri yo mu nzira y'inkari hakiri kare. Abaganga bakoresha iki kizamini cyane cyane iyo bakeka ubwoko bukurikira bwa kanseri:
- Kanseri y'inkari: Iyi ni yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane.
- Kanseri yo mu muyoboro w'inkari: Kanseri y'imiyoboro mito itwara inkari ziva mu mpyiko zijya mu ruhago.
- Kanseri yo mu muyoboro w'inkari: Kanseri yo mu muyoboro utwara inkari ziva mu ruhago zijya hanze y'umubiri.
- Kanseri y'impyiko: Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'impyiko bushobora kugaragara hifashishijwe iki kizamini.
Uretse kumenya izi kanseri, iki kizamini gishobora no kumenya indwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi, nka cytomegalovirus.
Ese uburyo bwo kuvura inkari na gahunda yo kuvura inkari ni kimwe?
Oya. Aha niho abantu benshi bahurira n'urujijo. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma inkari (Inkari Cytology) na Urinalysis (ibyo dukunze kwita 'inkari raporo') ni ibizamini bibiri bitandukanye. Nubwo byombi bikoresha icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe, intego zabyo ziratandukanye rwose.
Reka turebe iyi mbonerahamwe kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo byombi.
| Ingingo | Ikizamini cya Cytology y'inkari | Isuzuma ry'inkari (ikizamini rusange cy'inkari) |
|---|---|---|
| Intego nyamukuru | Kumenya neza uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu nkari. | Kugenzura imiterere y'inkari muri rusange. Urugero, kubona ibimenyetso by'indwara zandurira mu mitsi (UTI), indwara z'impyiko, diyabete, n'ibindi. |
| Urimo kugenzura iki? | Ibintu nk'imiterere, ingano, n'ingirabuzimafatizo z'uturemangingo bisuzumwa mu buryo bwimbitse hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. | Ibara ry'inkari, ubuziranenge, isukari (glucose), poroteyine, uturemangingo tw'amaraso, n'uturemangingo tw'amashyira biragenzurwa. |
| Ni nde ubikora? | Umuganga w’inzobere mu bijyanye na cytology (Cytopathologist). | Ubusanzwe bikorwa n'umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga rya laboratwari. |
| Ubikora ryari? | Gusa iyo hari amakenga yihariye ku ndwara ya kanseri. | Akenshi bikorwa nk'isuzuma ry'ubuzima risanzwe cyangwa iyo hari ibimenyetso. |
Ese ubu usobanukiwe itandukaniro? Isuzuma ry'inkari ni ikizamini rusange. Isuzuma ry'inkari ni ikizamini cyihariye gishakisha ikintu cyimbitse kandi cyihariye.
Kuki muganga yagusaba gukora iki kizamini?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma muganga wawe agusaba gupima inkari.
- Amaraso mu nkari (Hematuria): Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru. Niba hari amaraso mu nkari, iki kizamini ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu.
- Kubabara cyangwa gushya mu gihe cyo kunyara: Iyo hari ububabare cyangwa gushya bidashira.
- Indwara zikunze kugaragara mu nzira y'inkari (UTIs): Hari igihe, reba niba hari indi mpamvu ituma habaho kwandura indwara zikunze kugaragara mu nzira y'inkari.
- Gukurikirana nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri: Niba warigeze kugira kanseri y'uruhago hanyuma ukavurwa, iki kizamini gikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe niba kanseri yagarutse.
Ariko ibuka ikintu kimwe. Kuba iki kizamini kidasangamo uturemangingo twa kanseri ntibivuze ko nta kanseri ufite 100%. Kubwibyo, abaganga bakugira inama yo gukora ibindi bizamini byinshi (urugero: cystoscopy, CT scan) hamwe n'iki kizamini.
Ni gute nitegura ikizamini kandi ngatanga icyitegererezo?
Iyi ni inzira yoroshye cyane, ariko hari ibintu bike by'ingenzi byo gukosora.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kumenya mbere yo gukora ikizamini!
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ntugatange icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe cya mbere mu gitondo kugira ngo upime iki kizamini. Impamvu ni uko uturemangingo tw'inkari twamaze ijoro ryose mu ruhago rwawe dushobora kwangirika no kwangirika. Ibi bishobora kugora muganga wo muri laboratwari kumenya uturemangingo. Kubwibyo, ni byiza gutanga icyitegererezo cy'inkari wabonye mu gitondo hanyuma ugatanga icyitegererezo cy'inkari wabonye mu gitondo cya kabiri cyangwa icya gatatu cy'umunsi.
Uburyo bwo gutanga icyitegererezo (Uburyo bwo Gufata mu Giti Gisukuye)
Laboratwari izaguha icupa ryihariye (agakoresho katanduye) kuri ibi. Bashobora kandi kuguha umuti wo gusukura n'udupira two guhanagura. Kurikiza izi ntambwe mbere yo gutanga icyitegererezo.
1. Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.
2. Sukura agace k'igitsina: Sukura neza agace k'igitsina ukoresheje udupira twatanzwe na laboratwari cyangwa amazi meza. Ibi ni ukugira ngo hirindwe ko mikorobe ziva ku ruhu rwo hanze zigera ku gipimo.
3. Tangira kunyara: Ubwa mbere, suka inkari mu musarani.
4. Kuramo icyitegererezo: Hanyuma, udahagaze ngo uhaguruke ngo uvane inkari, shyira icupa ryatanzwe na laboratwari ku muyoboro w'inkari hanyuma ufate ingano ikenewe (ubusanzwe hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'icupa).
5. Sukura ibisigaye: Kuramo icupa hanyuma usukemo inkari zisigaye mu musarani.
6. Funga icupa neza hanyuma uritange: Funga icupa neza, ntukore ku gice cy'imbere, hanyuma urishyire muri laboratwari vuba bishoboka.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, iyo umurwayi adashobora gutanga icyitegererezo ubwe cyangwa ku zindi mpamvu, muganga ashobora gukenera gushyiramo catheter , umuyoboro muto winjizwa mu muyoboro w'inkari, kugira ngo afate icyitegererezo mu ruhago. Nanone, CystoscopyUrugero nk'uru rushobora no gufatwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma uruhago rw'inkari (isuzuma ry'uruhago hakoreshejwe kamera).
Bigenda bite ku nkari zawe muri laboratwari?
Nyuma yo gutanga icyitegererezo, intambwe nyinshi zibaho muri laboratwari.
- Gutegura icyitegererezo: Ubwa mbere, icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe gishyirwa mu mashini yitwa centrifuge . Ibi bizunguruka icyitegererezo cy'inkari ku muvuduko mwinshi, nk'uko imashini imesa imyenda izunguruka imyenda kugira ngo ikuremo amazi, igatandukanya uturemangingo n'amazi.
- Gusiga irangi no gusiga irangi ku kirahuri: Uturemangingo twatandukanyijwe dushyirwa ku kirahuri (microscope slide) hanyuma tugasigwa irangi hifashishijwe amarangi yihariye (stains). Iri rangi rituma ibice bitandukanye by'uturemangingo bimenyekana neza iyo birebewe muri mikorosikopi.
- Isuzuma rya mikorosikopi: Aha niho umuganga w’indwara za kanseri atangirira akazi ke. Ashyira iyi slide yateguwe munsi ya mikorosikopi maze agasuzuma neza uturemangingo kamwe kamwe. Yita cyane ku niba hari uturemangingo dutandukanye n’uturemangingo dusanzwe, dufite imiterere idasanzwe, cyangwa dufite nuclei nini.
- Gutegura raporo: Nyuma y'iki gipimo, muganga azategura raporo ishingiye ku byo yabonye hanyuma ayoherereze umuganga ukuvura.
Ni ibihe bintu biri muri raporo kandi bisobanura iki?
Hari amagambo atandukanye ashobora kuba ari muri raporo yawe. Ntugatinye iyo uyabonye. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira yose. Ariko reka turebe ibintu bishobora kugaragara muri raporo n'ibisobanuro byabyo byoroshye.
| Ibishobora kuvugwa muri raporo | Ubusobanuro bworoshye |
|---|---|
| Ingero idashimishije | Bivuze ko nta tunyangingo twari mu gipimo twari duhagije kugira ngo tugerageze. Muri ibyo bihe, ushobora gukenera gutanga ikindi gipimo. |
| Indwara mbi ku kanseri y'inkondo y'umura yo mu rwego rwo hejuru | Iyi ni inkuru nziza. Nta tunyangingo twa kanseri cyangwa utunyangingo tudasanzwe twabonetse muri icyo gipimo. |
| Uturemangingo tw'umuyoboro w'amaraso tudasanzwe | Hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe muri urwo rugero, ariko ntabwo twahindutse bihagije kugira ngo tube uturemangingo twa kanseri burundu. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ikintu nk'ubwandu. |
| Birakekwa ko kanseri y'umura yo mu rwego rwo hejuru | Uturemangingo tudasanzwe twabonetse muri icyo gipimo dufite amahirwe menshi yo kuba uturemangingo twa kanseri. |
| Ifite ingaruka nziza ku kanseri y'inkondo y'umura yo mu rwego rwo hejuru | Bivuze ko uturemangingo twa kanseri twabonetse muri icyo gipimo. |
Igikuru cyane: Uko ibyavuye muri raporo ya "Urine Cytology" byaba biri kose, ntabwo ari yo yonyine ifata icyemezo cya nyuma ku bijyanye no kumenya niba kanseri ihari cyangwa niba idafite. Cyane cyane niba ibisubizo ari "Atypical" cyangwa "Cespicious", muganga wawe nta gushidikanya ko azakora ibindi bizamini nka Cystoscopy cyangwa CT scan kugira ngo yemeze ikibazo. Rero, ntugatinye nyuma yo kubona raporo.
Ikizamini cya cytology y'inkari ni ikihe?
Ubunyangamugayo bw'iki kizamini buterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri igaragara.
- Ibibyimba byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Ibi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri bukura vuba kandi bukabije. Ubushakashatsi ku nkari bugaragaza neza hafi 95%.
- Ibibyimba byo mu rwego rwo hasi: Ibi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri bukura buhoro buhoro kandi budakabije cyane. Iki kizamini ntabwo gikora cyane mu kubitahura. Ubunyangamugayo bwabyo bushobora kuva kuri 10% kugeza kuri 50%. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo kanseri nk'iyo yaba ihari, ishobora kubura muri raporo (idafite ibimenyetso by'ibinyoma).
Iyi ni yo mpamvu abaganga badashingira ku kizamini kimwe gusa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Isuzuma ry’inkari si isuzuma risanzwe ry’inkari (urinalysis). Ni isuzuma ryihariye rireba uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu nkari.
- Mu gihe utanga icyitegererezo cy'iki kizamini, ntugatange icyitegererezo cy'inkari za mbere wakoze mu gitondo.
- Uko ibisubizo by'ikizamini byaba biri kose, si byo bisuzuma burundu. Muganga wawe ashobora gusaba ibindi bipimo kugira ngo byemezwe.
- Iki kizamini gikora neza cyane mu gupima kanseri zikura vuba (zo mu rwego rwo hejuru).
- Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye na raporo y'ibizamini cyangwa intambwe zikurikiraho, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe. Ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na we mu buryo bweruye.
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