Umuganga ubaga umutima yitwa nde? (Umuganga ubaga umutima) Reka twige kuri ibi!

Ese wigeze wibaza uwo tugomba kureba iyo dukeneye kubagwa ikibazo cy'umutima? Cyangwa ni nde muganga ubaga umutima mu gihe cy'impanuka, kandi ni iki akora? Umwe mu bantu bakomeye nk'abo ni umuganga w'umutima. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku muntu uyu muganga w'umutima n'icyo akora.

Kubaga umutima ni iki?

Mu magambo make, kubagwa kose gukorerwa ku mutima wawe cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso minini iwuhuza byitwa kubagwa k'umutima. Hari igihe bishobora no kubagwa ku ngingo zegereye umutima cyangwa ibindi bintu. Tekereza nawe, umutima ni nk'akamashini gato mu mubiri wacu, mbega ukuntu ari ingenzi kuwukomeza gukora neza! Kubwibyo, kubagwa nk'uku bigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi n'ubuhanga bwinshi.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'abaganga b'umutima?

Yego, dushobora cyane cyane kugabanya abaganga b'umutima mo ubwoko bubiri. Nubwo hari byinshi bisa mu kazi bakora, bashyirwa mu byiciro muri ubu buryo kubera itandukaniro rikomeye.

Umuganga w'indwara z'umutima

Aba baganga rimwe na rimwe bitwa Abaganga b'indwara z'umutima cyangwa Abaganga b'indwara z'igifu . Ijambo ry'ikigiriki 'Thoracic' risobanura 'igituza'. Nk'uko izina ribivuga, aba baganga babaga ingingo nyinshi zo mu gituza. Urugero, babaga umutima n'imitsi minini y'amaraso, ibihaha, umwobo , utwara ibiryo mu kanwa kawe ubijyana mu nda, no mu muhogo .

Ariko, bamwe mu baganga b'indwara zo mu gituza bashobora kwibanda gusa ku ndwara zijyanye n'umutima, agafuka gakikije umutima (pericardium), n'imitsi minini y'amaraso y'umutima. Abandi bashobora kwibanda gusa ku ndwara zo mu gituza zitari iz'umutima n'imitsi minini y'amaraso.

Umuganga w'umutima w'abana bavutse/abana

Aba baganga ni inzobere mu gusana ibibazo by’imiterere y’umutima cyangwa inenge ziba mu gihe cyo kuvuka. Urugero, abana bamwe bavuka bafite ibibazo by’imitsi y’umutima cyangwa imyobo mu nkuta ziri hagati y’ibyumba by’umutima (nk’indwara yo mu mitsi cyangwa indwara yo mu mitsi) . Aba ni bo baba bahari kugira ngo bakosore ibintu nk’ibyo.

Abaganga bamwe bakora ubu buryo bwo kubaga abantu bakuru - kuko rimwe na rimwe indwara z'umutima zivukanwa ziboneka gusa iyo umuntu akuze. Ariko, abandi batojwe by'umwihariko gukora ubu buryo bwo kubaga abana bato, impinja, n'impinja. Akazi kabo ni akadasanzwe cyane, kandi hari abaganga bake cyane babaga umutima ugereranije n'ababaga abantu bakuru gusa. Kubera ko aka ari akazi gakomeye, gasaba amahugurwa menshi n'uburambe bwihariye.

Ni ubunararibonye n'amahugurwa angahe bikenewe kugira ngo ube umuganga w'umutima?

Mu by’ukuri, uburezi n’amahugurwa bisabwa kugira ngo ube umuganga w’umutima ni byinshi cyane . Bitwara nibura imyaka 15. Hari abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga umutima bashobora kumara imyaka irenga 20. Tekereza ubwitange! Ni nko kwiruka marato, ariko mu myaka myinshi.

Buri muganga w’umutima agomba gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Ugomba kurangiza impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu myaka itatu kugeza kuri ine.
• Nyuma y'ibyo, ugomba kwiga imyaka ine mu ishuri ry'ubuganga hanyuma ukabona impamyabumenyi y'ubuganga (Dogiteri w'Ubuganga cyangwa impamyabumenyi y'Ubuganga bw'Amagufwa) .

Hanyuma, ugomba guhitamo kimwe muri ibi bibiri:

• Amashuri yo kubagwa rusange y'imyaka itanu, hanyuma agakurikirwa n'imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu yo kubagwa umutima.
• Cyangwa, Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’umutima (ICTSR) cy’imyaka itandatu.

Kugira ngo ube umuganga w’umutima uvukanye, ugomba kandi kurangiza umwaka w’amahugurwa yihariye (Fellowship). Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kwiyumvisha igihe umara wiga, uhugura, kandi ukabona ubunararibonye. Ibi byose bikorwa kugira ngo ube umuntu mwiza ushobora kwita ku mutima wawe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara umuganga w'umutima avura?

Umuganga w’umutima ashobora kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose, ikibazo, cyangwa imvune isaba kubagwa kugira ngo isanwe cyangwa ikosorwe . Ibi bishobora kuva ku mvune iterwa n’impanuka - urugero nk’impanuka y’imodoka, igikomere cyo guterwa icyuma, cyangwa igikomere cy’iraswa - kugeza ku gusana ibyangiritse ku mutima biturutse ku ndwara cyangwa indwara yavutse. Zimwe mu ndwara z’ingenzi zisaba umuganga w’umutima ni izi:

• Indwara z'imitsi y'umutima.
• Indwara zo kugabanya umuvuduko w'umutima (Arrhythmias) .
• Umutima unanirwa bitewe n'indwara z'umutima.
• Gucamo ibice by'imitsi yo mu bwonko .
• Ubusembwa bw'umutima wavukanye nk'imyobo iri hagati y'ibyumba by'umutima - urugero , Ventricular Septal Defect na Atrial Septal Defect .

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubaga n'uburyo abaganga b'umutima bakora?

Abaganga b'umutima bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kubaga no kuvura. Bimwe mu bikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Uburyo bwo gupima umutima (Maze Procedure) - Ibi bikorwa ku mikorere y'umutima idakora neza.
• Gushyira mu mitsi y'umutima mu nzira yo kuvura indwara z'umutima (CABG) - Ibi kandi tubyita 'bypass'. Ibi bikubiyemo guhanga inzira nshya iyo imitsi ijyana amaraso ku mutima izibye.
• Kubaga indwara z'umutima zavukanye.
• Gusana no kubaga imiyoboro y'umutima.
• Gushyira ibikoresho mu mutima - urugeroIbintu nka (Pacemakers) na (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators - ICDs) . Ariko rimwe na rimwe ibi bishobora gukorwa na muganga w’inzobere mu gukora amashanyarazi y’umutima (Electrophysiology) .
• Kubaga indwara y'umutima iterwa n'indwara ya hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
• Gutera Umutima - Ubu ni uburyo bugoye cyane bwo kubaga.

Abaganga babagwa bahugurwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukora ubwoko bumwe bw'ububaji. Muri ubwo buryo hashobora kuba harimo:

• Kubaga mu buryo budakunze kwangirika: Ibi bisa no kubaga mu buryo busanzwe, ariko bikorwa binyuze mu gukata intoki nto cyane no mu bikoresho byihariye. Gukata intoki bito bituma umuntu akira vuba, ububabare buke, kuva amaraso kugabanuka, kandi muri rusange ibyago byo kurwara bigabanuka.
• Kubaga hifashishijwe robo: Umuganga wize cyane ashobora kubaga akoresheje robo. Tekereza wicaye ku gikoresho cyo kugenzura hafi y'ameza yo kubaga, umuganga 'akaba' robo. Kubaga bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bifatanye n'amaboko ya robo. Kamera yihariye kuri robo ishyirwa mu mubiri binyuze mu gukata rimwe, bigatuma umuganga abona imbere mu mubiri. Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu ngero eshatu (3-D) , nk'uko tubona isi n'amaso yacu. Si ibyo gusa, robo ifasha umuganga gukoresha ibikoresho biri imbere mu mubiri, kandi uburebure bw'ukuboko ni bwinshi (ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuzunguruka dogere 360, biruta cyane ukuboko kwa muganga). Iri koranabuhanga ryatumye bishoboka kubaga neza cyane.

Ni izihe nshingano z'umuganga w'umutima usibye kubaga?

Umuganga w’umutima si umuntu ukora ibikorwa byo kubaga gusa. Inshingano ze zirimo (kandi ntizigarukira gusa kuri) ibi bikurikira:

• Kubika inyandiko: Ugomba kubika inyandiko zirambuye n'inyandiko zivuga ku kubagwa ukora n'ibyo ukora icyo gihe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bandi baganga ndetse no ku gihe kizaza.
• Kwigisha: Abaganga benshi b'umutima bakora mu bitaro by'abarimu. Ibi bivuze ko mu gihe babona abarwayi, bigisha abaganga n'abaganga b'ejo hazaza ibijyanye no kubaga umutima n'uko bigira ingaruka ku barwayi.
• Amahugurwa: Aba baganga bakora imyitozo n'abandi baganga, abaganga babaga, n'abakozi bo mu cyumba cyo kubaga, kimwe n'abakinnyi bakora imyitozo yo gukina ikinamico, kugira ngo babashe kubaga neza kandi mu mutekano.
• Amasomo n'Amahugurwa Akomeza: Buri muganga agomba gukomeza kwiga no gukora ibintu bishya. Uko ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi butera imbere umunsi ku wundi, agomba gukomeza kumenya uburyo bushya bwo kubaga n'imiti mishya. Bitewe n'amategeko y'igihugu cye cyangwa leta ye, ashobora kuba afite ibisabwa agomba kuba yujuje. Niba atujuje ibi bisabwa, ashobora gutakaza uruhushya rwe rwo gukora ubuganga. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.Ibi birimo inyigisho zikomeye zo gutanga impamyabushobozi n'ibizamini. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bifata amasaha menshi, ndetse n'iminsi.

Kuki wajya kwa muganga ubaga umutima? Ni iki wakwitega?

Kubaga umutima akenshi ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane . Akenshi bikorwa iyo nta bundi buryo bwiza buhari - ni ukuvuga iyo nta buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kugufasha.

Kenshi na kenshi, uzagira umwanya wo kumenya ibijyanye no kubagwa umutima ugiye kubagwa, icyo witeze, n'uko wakwitegura. Muganga azagusobanurira byose.

Ariko mu gihe cy’impanuka, ushobora gukenera kubagwa umutima vuba. Muri icyo gihe, umuganga azaganira n’umuryango wawe, abakunzi bawe, cyangwa undi muntu ushobora kukuvugira no gufata ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi. Umuganga azakora uko ashoboye kose kugira ngo agufashe gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba, impamvu ukeneye kubagwa, n’icyo ugomba kwitega.

Ese ukeneye koherezwa kwa muganga w’umutima kugira ngo ubone umuganga w’indwara z’umutima?

Yego rwose. Kugira ngo urebe umuganga w’umutima, ukeneye koherezwa . Ubusanzwe koherezwa gutangwa n’inzobere mu by’umutima cyangwa undi muganga w’inzobere. Ibi bivuze ko undi muganga w’inzobere ari we wa mbere umenya ikibazo cyangwa ikibazo gisaba kubagwa. Mu gihe cy’impanuka, muganga cyangwa inzobere mu by’umutima ashobora kuganira n’umuganga w’umutima uri ku kazi, akakugira inama, akanagusaba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Gukenera kubagwa umutima bishobora gutera ubwoba kandi bigukomereye . Ku bw'amahirwe, ntugomba kubinyuramo wenyine. Inyuma ya buri murwayi ukeneye kubagwa umutima hari itsinda ry'abatanga serivisi z'ubuzima n'inzobere, kuva ku batekinisiye n'abakozi bashinzwe ubufasha kugeza ku baforomo, inzobere n'abaganga. Kuba umuganga w'umutima ni ubwitange bukomeye , ni umwuga usaba imbaraga nyinshi, kandi ni abahanga gusa bashobora kuhagera. Ibyo bivuze ko itsinda rinini ry'abaganga b'inzobere, bahuguwe, bize kandi bafite ishyaka bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bagufashe gukira no gusubira mu buzima bwawe.

None se, ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru?

Umuganga w’umutima ni umuganga ufite ubumenyi bwihariye kandi ukora igikorwa cyo kubaga umutima n’imitsi minini ijyana na wo.

• Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwabyo, bimwe bikorera operasiyo hafi ya byose mu gituza (Cardiothoracic Surgeon) , mu gihe ibindi byihariye mu kuvura indwara z'umutima zivukana (Congenital/Pediatric Heart Surgeon) .
• Kuba umuganga w’umutima bisaba igihe kirekire cyo kwiga no guhugura, wenda imyaka 15-20.Yego. Bisaba ubwitange bwinshi.
• Bivura indwara nyinshi, harimo indwara z'umutima, arrhythmia , indwara z'umutima, n'ubumuga bw'umutima buvukanwa.
• Bakora operasiyo ya bypass (CABG) , basimbuza valve, none ubu banakora operasiyo ntoya kandi zifashishwa na robo .
• Uretse kubaga, inshingano zabo zirimo kubika inyandiko, kwigisha abandi, no gukomeza kwiga ibintu bishya.
• Nubwo kubagwa umutima ari ikibazo gikomeye, ibuka ko ufite itsinda ry'abaganga b'inzobere bazagufasha. Ubusanzwe uzahabwa ubutumwa bwo kujya kwa muganga w'indwara z'umutima buturutse ku muganga w'indwara z'umutima .

Rero, ndizera ko aya makuru azagufasha. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga! Kwita ku mutima wawe ni ingenzi cyane.

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