Ese ufata ibyemezo nyuma yo kubitekerezaho? Reka tuganire kuri iyi mpamvu yo kugabanya agaciro!

Twese dufata ibyemezo kandi tugakemura ibibazo umunsi wose, si byo se? Hari igihe tutanabitekerezaho, twumva gusa nk'aho biri kuba. Ariko se wari uzi ko hari inzira yihariye iba mu bwonko bwacu kuri ibi byose? Ibyo ni byo twita gutekereza ku kintu runaka. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kubiganiraho mu buryo burambuye .

Gutekereza ku gutakaza agaciro ni iki?

Mu magambo make, igitekerezo ni inzira yo gukoresha ubwonko bwacu kugira ngo tugere ku mwanzuro runaka dushingiye ku gitekerezo rusange cyangwa ibintu byinshi twemera ko ari ukuri. Iyi ni inzira y'ubwenge dukora n'ubwenge bwacu, nk'uko dutekereza, twumva, kandi tugatekereza. Mu by'ukuri, iyi ni "imikorere yo gutekereza", ni ukuvuga inzira yo gutekereza.

Iyi logique yo gusesengura ibintu tuyikoresha cyane kurusha uko wabitekereza. Tuyikoresha tutabizi kuva tubyutse mu gitondo kugeza tugiye kuryama nijoro. Ariko ntabwo byoroshye nkuko wabitekereza. Biragoye gato.

• Abashakashatsi babyiga kugira ngo basobanukirwe uburyo abantu biga, batekereza, kandi bagafata ibyemezo.
• Abaganga, cyane cyane abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe n'abaganga b'imitsi, batekereza kuri iyi ngingo yo gutekereza iyo bapima ubushobozi bw'umuntu bwo gutekereza.
• Ubu bushobozi bushobora kandi gupimwa mu bizamini byakozwe mbere yo guhitamo umuntu ku kazi mu bigo bimwe na bimwe.

Kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe bukore neza, bugomba kuba bufite ubuzima bwiza. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibikomere bigira ingaruka ku bwonko bishobora kugabanya ubwo bushobozi. Iyo ibyo bibaye, bishobora kugorana gusobanukirwa amakuru neza no gufata ibyemezo. Ariko ntugahangayike, nubwo abaganga badashobora kugarura ubwo bushobozi burundu mu gihe bwatakaye, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanya ingaruka zabwo .

Reka turebe ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ibitekerezo bifatika.

Gukoresha ibitekerezo bifatika ni nko kubaka inyubako ikomeye ifite amatafari mu bitekerezo byacu. Amatafari yawe ni ibitekerezo wemera ko ari ukuri, cyangwa inyubako. Ukoresheje ibi bitekerezo, ugera ku mwanzuro, wemera ko ugomba kuba ukuri.

Hari ingero nyinshi z'ibi, ariko imwe mu zizwi cyane ikomoka ku muhanga mu bya filozofiya Aristote. Afatwa nk'umubyeyi w'iyi logique y'ibitekerezo. Reba ibi:

• Ingingo ya mbere: Buri muntu wese apfa umunsi umwe.
• Ingingo ya kabiri: Socrate ni umugabo.
• Umwanzuro: Kubwibyo, Socrate azapfa umunsi umwe.

Urabyumva? Bishobora gusa nkaho ari ikintu gito, ariko ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze.

Noneho reka dufate urugero rw'ubuzima bwa buri munsi:

• Igitekerezo cya mbere: Itara riri hejuru y'iki cyumba ntirizaka.
• Igitekerezo cya kabiri: Iyo ufunguye switch, irindi tara riraza.
• Umwanzuro: Rero, hari ikibazo kiri kuri iryo tara ritazima.

Byoroshye, sibyo? Dukora ibintu nk'ibi igihe cyose.

Ni gute ubwonko bwanjye bugenzura iyi logic y'ibitekerezo?

Abahanga mu by’ubwonko baracyashakisha neza ibibera mu bwonko iyo dukoresheje uburyo bwo gutekereza, ariko abenshi bemeza ko agace k’imbere, kari ku ruhande rw’ibumoso rw’ubwonko bwacu, kagira uruhare runini muri ibi.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibice bitandukanye by'agace k'ibumoso k'imbere bifasha mu gutekereza mu bihe bitandukanye. Ibi bivuze ko bitabaho icyarimwe, ahubwo bibaho mu byiciro. Ibice bireba agace k'imbere k'ubwonko birakora bitewe n'imiterere y'ibitekerezo dukora.

Ni izihe ndwara zifata iki gice cy'ubwonko?

Hari urutonde rurerure rw'ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwacu n'ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gutekereza. Dore bimwe muri byo:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer n'izindi ndwara zo kwangirika kw'imitsi
• Indwara yo kudakora neza/guhangayika cyane (ADHD)
• Ibikomere byo mu bwonko
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko
• Gukomereka mu bwonko n'ibindi bikomere byo mu mutwe
• Gutinda mu iterambere
• Indwara yo kwibagirwa imbere n'imbere (dementia) igira ingaruka ku bice by'imbere n'iby'uruhande by'ubwonko
• Indwara z'uturemangingo (urugero, indwara ya Huntington cyangwa indwara ya Wilson)
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe
• Ubumuga n'ibibazo byo mu myigire
• `Lewy body dementia`
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, cyane cyane indwara z'amarangamutima
• Indwara ziterwa no gucika intege nko gucika intege (cyane cyane indwara zo mu gice cyo hejuru cy'imbere) n'igicuri
• Indwara zo gusinzira
• Igitero cy'indwara ya Stroke n'indwara y'ingufu z'igihe gito (TIA)

Tekereza ukuntu byari kugorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi no gufata ibyemezo biramutse bibaye. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane kwita ku buzima bw'ubwonko bwawe.

Ese ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bugira ingaruka uko ugenda ukura?

Yego rwose. Uko dusaza, ubwonko bwacu burahinduka, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwacu bwo gutekereza. Urugero, uko dusaza, igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwacu kiragabanuka. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwenge nko gutekereza. Ariko ibi si ko bimeze kuri buri wese. Hari abantu bakomeza kugira ubwo bushobozi kugeza mu zabukuru.

Ni gute wamenya ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bitekerezo by’umuntu ku giti cye?

Abaganga bakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bamenye izi ndwara. Bimwe muri byo birimo:

• Gupima amaraso
• Isuzuma rya MRI mu bwonko
• Ibizamini byo mu mutwe
• `CT` scan `(Isuzuma rya tomography ryakozwe na mudasobwa)`
• Ikizamini cya EEG (Electroencephalogram - ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko)
• Electromyogram (EMG) (ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imitsi)
• Ibyiza byagaragajwe (ibipimo bipima ibisubizo mu mitsi)
• Gupima indwara z'ubwonko
• Isuzuma rya `PET` (Isuzuma rya Positron emission tomography)`

Ibi bizamini nibyo bituma muganga asobanukirwa neza ikibazo n'impamvu yacyo.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma impamvu z'imitekerereze?

Abaganga basanzwe bishingikiriza cyane ku isuzuma ry’imitsi kugira ngo bapime ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Abakoresha, abarimu, n'abandi bashobora gukoresha ibizamini bitandukanye by’ubushobozi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara zigira ingaruka ku bitekerezo?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'indwara runaka. Nta buryo bumwe bwo kuvura bushobora gukoreshwa muri byose. Ariko, hari uburyo bumwe busanzwe bwo kuvura:

• Kugarura ubwenge: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zigufasha gucunga imirimo ya buri munsi, nko gutegura ibintu.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire bushingiye ku mitekerereze (CBT): Ibi hamwe n'ibindi nk'ubuvuzi bworoheje bishobora gufasha mu bibazo byo gusinzira.
• Imiti n'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe: Ubu buryo bubiri bwo kuvura bushobora guhuzwa ku bantu bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Umuvuzi w'akazi agufasha gutsinda ibibazo by'umubiri, ibyo mu mutwe no mu mibanire.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Ibi bifasha kunoza imigendere n'imikorere y'umubiri wawe.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire n'indimi: Ibi bikubiyemo imyitozo yo kwigisha n'ubundi buryo bwo guteza imbere ubumenyi bwo kuvuga no kuvuga.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu bwonko zitera kwangirika kw'imitsi: Izi ndwara ziratandukanye bitewe n'indwara.

Nakora iki kugira ngo ubuhanga bwanjye bwo gutekereza bukomeze kuba bwiza?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza ubuhanga bwawe bwo gutekereza ni ukwita ku bwonko bwawe neza. Dore bimwe mu bitekerezo by'ubuzima bishobora kugufasha:

• Genzura inzoga unywa: Niba unywa inzoga, gabanya ibinyobwa bibiri ku munsi ku bagabo n'ikindi kimwe ku munsi ku bagore.
• Kurya neza: Uzuza isahani yawe imboga, imbuto, ibinyampeke byuzuye, poroteyine zidafite ibinure byinshi, n'ibinure byiza.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Gukora ibintu nk'udukino two guhimba, gushakisha amagambo, cyangwa gushakisha amagambo ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gutuma ubwonko bwawe bukomeza gukora.
• Gira imbaraga: Imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kugumisha ubwonko bwawe bumeze neza.
• Sinzira neza: Gira nibura amasaha arindwi kugeza ku munani buri joro.
• Rinda ubwonko bwawe: Koresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda (nk'imikandara y'imodoka), cyane cyane iyo urimo gukina siporo cyangwa ku kazi.
• Irinde kunywa itabi: Kunywa itabi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko ischemic.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Iyo ukusanya amakuru ugafata icyemezo cyangwa ugakemura ikibazo, ukoresha iyi myumvire ishingiye ku kintu runaka. Iyi ni inzira y'ingenzi cyane y'ubwenge igenzurwa n'ubwonko bwawe. Abaganga banasuzuma iyi myumvire ishingiye ku kintu kimwe iyo bareba ubuzima bw'imitsi yawe. Rero, kugira ubwonko bwawe bumeze neza bishobora kugufasha kugumana ubwo bushobozi bwo gutekereza bushingiye ku kintu kimwe. Wibuke ko ubwenge bwiza ari ingenzi kugira ngo ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Gutekereza mu buryo bw'ibitekerezo , imikorere y'ubwonko, ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ubuzima bw'ubwonko, gufata ibyemezo, gukemura ibibazo