Ese umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo gukora imirimo imwe n'imwe? Reka tuvuge ku kibazo cyo kudakora neza (dyspraxia)!

Ese umwana wawe rimwe na rimwe yitwara mu buryo butandukanye n'ubw'abandi bana? Urugero, ese wabonye ko afite ikibazo cyo gufata igikinisho neza, gufunga amapfundo y'ishati ye, cyangwa kwirukanka akina? Ese rimwe na rimwe asa n'aho ari inyuma y'abandi mu gukora no mu mirimo mito? Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara yitwa Dyspraxia, cyangwa indwara yo guhuza imikorere y'umubiri (DCD). Ntugahangayike, tuzaganira kuri ibi mu buryo burambuye kandi mu buryo bworoshye cyane uyu munsi.

Dyspraxia ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

Muri make, dyspraxia ni indwara itangira mu bwana ikagakomeza. Ikunze kugaragara ku mwana kugira ikibazo cyo guhuza imigendere y'umubiri we . Ibi bivuze ko agira ikibazo cyo kwimura amaboko n'amaguru neza kugira ngo akore imirimo, gufata ibintu no kugumana uburinganire.

Tekereza nawe, hari abana bagorwa no gutwara igare, gufata umupira, cyangwa gukina siporo, sibyo? Nanone, hari abana bashobora kugorwa no kwandika, gushushanya, gufunga amapfundo y'ishati, cyangwa gufunga imishumi y'inkweto kurusha abandi. Izi ngorane zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana mu buryo butandukanye. Kuri bamwe, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara bakiri bato, mu gihe ku bandi, ibi bishobora kutagaragara kugeza umwana akuze gato.

Abaganga bashyira iyi ndwara mu byiciro, byitwa Dyspraxia cyangwa Indwara yo Guhuza Imitekerereze (DCD), nk'indwara yo kugenda ifitanye isano n'iterambere ry'imitsi. Dukurikije urutonde ruheruka rw'indwara zo mu mutwe rw'ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe, DSM-5, ivugwa ko ari yo. Mbere, bamwe bayise kandi ubumuga bwo kwiga.

Ijambo "dyspraxia" rikoreshwa no mu bantu bakuru. Ariko akenshi si indwara itangira mu bwana. Hari igihe ingorane zo kugenda zivuka nyuma bitewe no kwangirika k'ubwonko, nko gucika intege mu bwonko cyangwa gukomereka mu bwonko, kandi abaganga babyita "acquired dyspraxia."

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Dyspraxia na Apraxia?

Hari igihe abaganga bakoresha amagambo 'apraxia' na 'dyspraxia' mu buryo bumwe, ariko hari itandukaniro rito hagati y'ibyo byombi. Apraxia ubusanzwe ni indwara ikomeye kurusha dyspraxia.

Tekereza, iyo umuntu ufite apraxia asabwe gukora ikintu runaka, nubwo yakisobanukiwe kandi akaba ashaka kugikora, ntabwo ashoboye na gato kugikora. Ni ukuvuga ko aba yatakaje burundu ubushobozi bwo gukora ikintu runaka.

Ariko, ikibaho kuri Dyspraxia ni uko uko wagerageza gukora ikintu kose, ntacyo bitanga.Ni uko bigoye kubikora neza, neza kandi mu buryo buri ku murongo. Ntabwo bishoboka rwose, ariko biragoye cyane, kandi akenshi akazi kaba karimo akajagari.

Apraxia ifite ubwoko butandukanye. Urugero, Childhood Apraxia of Speech, igira ingaruka ku kuvuga, Limb-kinetic Apraxia, igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gukora ingendo nziza z'ukuboko, urutoki, cyangwa ukuguru, na Constructional Apraxia, igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gushushanya cyangwa kwigana ibishushanyo byoroshye.

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane na dyspraxia? Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya dyspraxia, cyangwa indwara yo guhuza imikorere y'umubiri (DCD) , bitangira mu bwana, mu gihe cy'imikurire. Kubera ko ari indwara idakira, izi ngorane zishobora gukomeza kugeza umuntu akuze.

Mu mibare, iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bahungu kurusha abakobwa .

Umwana wawe ashobora kuba afite ibyago byo kurwara dyspraxia niba afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Iyo umwana yavutse mbere y'ibyumweru 37, ibi bibaho cyane cyane ku bana bavutse mbere y'ibyumweru 32.
• Iyo umwana yavutse afite ibiro bike cyane (biri munsi ya 1.8 kg, cyangwa ibiro 4).
• Niba hari umuntu mu muryango ufite iyi ndwara yo guhuza ibikorwa by'iterambere (DCD).

Muri rusange, bivugwa ko abana bagera kuri 6 kuri 100 bari mu kigero cy’ishuri bashobora kugira iyi ndwara, bityo si gake cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umwana ufite ikibazo cyo kubura ubushobozi bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (dyspraxia)? Ubimenya ute?

Kudakora neza kw'imitsi bishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye mu mikorere y'umubiri no mu mikorere y'umubiri. Nubwo abana benshi bagaragaza ibi bimenyetso mu gihe batangira ishuri, bamwe mu bana bashobora kuba badafite iyi ndwara ikomeye nk'abandi, bigatuma bigorana kuyimenya.

Ibiranga impinja n'abana bato (impinja n'imyaka y'incuke)

Gutinda k'umwana mu mikurire ye mu gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe nyuma y'uko byari byitezwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko afite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza mu bana bato. Urugero:

• Bifata igihe kirekire kurusha abandi bana kwiga ibintu nko gukurura, kunyeganyega, kwicara, guhagarara no kugenda.

Nanone, ushobora kubona ibintu nk'ibi:

• Biragoye gukina n'ibikinisho bisaba guhuza neza, nko gutoragura ibikombe cyangwa gushyiramo uduce duto.
• Biragoye gato kwiga kurya ukoresheje ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “cutlery”, kandi ibiryo bikameneka.

Ibiranga abana bakuze gato (imyaka yo kujya mu ishuri)

Ibimenyetso bya dyspraxia ku bana bakuru bishobora kuba birimo:

• Biragoye kuzamuka no kumanuka ku madarajya.
• Biragoye kugira uburinganire.- Akenshi agwa mu bintu, akagwa hasi, kandi akagaragara nk' "udasobanutse neza".
• Ingorane mu mikino no mu bikorwa byo hanze: Abana bafite intege nke kurusha abandi bana mu bintu nko gutwara igare, gusimbuka, gufata umupira, kuwutera no kuwutera imigeri. Ubu burwayi bushobora gutuma batitabira ibikorwa nk'ibyo. Urugero, umwana wawe ahagarara gato ku ruhande mu gihe abandi bana birukaga bakinira ku kibuga cy'imikino ku ishuri? Ese agwa vuba iyo yiruka, cyangwa agira ikibazo cyo gufata umupira?
• Bagaragaza intege nke ugereranyije n'abandi bana bo mu kigero cyabo mu mirimo nko kwandika, gushushanya, gusiga irangi no gukata bakoresheje imikasi . Bagorwa no kwandika inyuguti neza no kwandika buhoro buhoro.
• Imirimo ya buri munsi nko kwambara, gufunga amenyo, koza amenyo, no kwihambira imigozi y'inkweto wenyine iragoye kandi ifata igihe kirekire.
• Kugorwa no kuguma ahantu hamwe, guhora unyeganyeza amaguru n'amaboko (kubura amahoro).

Kugerageza kubikora bishobora kubabaza umwana cyane . Bashobora gutekereza bati “Kuki ntashobora kubikora gusa?”

Icy'ingenzi: Bitewe no kubabara no kurambirwa gukora akazi nk'aka, bashobora kudashaka gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no gukina. Kubwibyo, hari igihe habaho ibyago byo kwiyongera ibiro cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije .

Ni iki gitera dyspraxia?

Guhuza imigendere y'umubiri wacu neza no gukora umurimo ni inzira igoye cyane. Ikubiyemo ibice byinshi bitandukanye by'ubwonko bwacu n'imitsi. Iyo hari ikibazo ahantu runaka muri iyi nzira, ingorane zo kugenda no guhuza ibikorwa, cyangwa dyspraxia, zishobora kubaho.

Abashakashatsi ntibarabasha kumenya neza impamvu nyayo itera dyspraxia. Nyamara, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, kubyara umwana utageze igihe no kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike byagaragaye ko ari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi byongera ibyago byo kurwara dyspraxia ku mwana.

Ni gute iyi ndwara ya dyspraxia ipimwa? (Isuzuma)

Nubwo ibimenyetso bya dyspraxia, cyangwa indwara yo guhuza imikurire (DCD), bigaragara kuva bakiri bato, biroroshye kubyibagirwa. Kubera ko abana bakura ku rugero rutandukanye, DCD ikunze kugaragara kugeza ku myaka 5.

Gusuzuma indwara ya dyspraxia bisaba itsinda ry'inzobere . Iri tsinda rishobora kuba rigizwe na:

• Umuganga w'abana
• Umuvuzi w'Umwuga cyangwa Umuvuzi w'Umubiri
• Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abana
• Inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi mu bana

Kugeza ubu nta gipimo cy’amaraso cyangwa isuzuma ryihariye rihari kugira ngo hemezwe niba ari ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw’umubiri. Ahubwo, itsinda ry’abaganga rizakubaza ibibazo birambuye ku mateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe, imikurire ye, n’ibimenyetso bye. Bazapima ubushobozi bw’imitsi ye, imikorere ye, n’uburinganire bwe. Bazasuzuma kandi niba ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bw’umwana wawe buri ku rwego rujyanye n’imyaka ye.

Abaganga bashakisha izindi mpamvu zitera ingorane zo kugenda k'umwana. Urugero, bagomba kumenya niba ingorane ziterwa n'izindi ndwara z'imitsi cyangwa iz'imitsi, nka cerebral palsy cyangwa muscular dystrophy.

Kugira ngo umwana amenye indwara yo kudakora neza kw'imikurire (DCD), ibimenyetso bine bigomba kuba bihari muri rusange:

1. Ubushobozi bw'umwana bwo gukora imitsi bugomba kuba buri munsi cyane y'urugero rw'imyaka ye .

2. Uku kubura ubushobozi bwo gukora imitsi no guhuza ibikorwa byabyo byagombye kugira ingaruka ku mirimo ya buri munsi y'umwana n'akazi ke k'ishuri .

3. Ibimenyetso bya dyspraxia bigomba kuba byaratangiye umwana akiri muto .

4. Izi ngorane zo kugenda ntizigomba guterwa n'indi ndwara .

Ese indwara yo kubura igitsina (dyspraxia) ivurwa ite? Ni gute wayifata?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara yo kudakora neza kw'umubiri (dyspraxia), izwi kandi nka “developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Ariko, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha abana n'abantu bakuru kunoza ubuhanga bwabo mu mikorere no guhuza imikorere y'umubiri. Ubuvuzi bw'akazi n'ubuvuzi bw'umubiri ni byo by'ingenzi.

Kubera ko indwara yo kubura amaraso igira ingaruka ku mwana mu buryo butandukanye, ni byiza gushyira gahunda yo kuvura umwana ku giti cye. Ibi bizamufasha guhangana n'ingorane z'umubiri w'umwana ndetse no kwiyubakamo icyizere.

Bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi abaganga bakoresha mu gufasha abana bafite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza ni ukwita ku nshingano . Muri ibi, umuvuzi w'akazi akorana n'umwana kugira ngo amenye imirimo runaka igoye umwana kandi amufasha kubona uburyo bwo kuyikora byoroshye.

Urugero, umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi ashobora kugabanya igikorwa kigoye mo intambwe nto. Hanyuma, akora buri ntambwe ukwayo, hanyuma akazishyira hamwe kugira ngo arangize igikorwa. Ibi ni nko kugabanya icyitegererezo kinini mo ibice bito, agakorera kuri buri gice ukwacyo, hanyuma akagishyira hamwe cyose.

Hari igihe, guhindura imirimo gato, bishobora no koroshywa kubikora. Urugero, gukoresha udukoresho twihariye two gufata kugira ngo amakaramu n'amakaramu byorohe gufata, guhitamo imyenda ifite utubuto tunini, nibindi.

Niba umwana wanjye afite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw'imitsi, ni iki nakwitega?

Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kwibuka ni uko atari buri mwana wese ufite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso aba ameze kimwe. Ibyo bivuze ko bigira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya neza uko umwana wawe azagerwaho n’iki kibazo ni ukuganira n’abaganga n’abaganga b’inzobere mu gusuzuma no kuvura ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso.

Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora kubaho hamwe cyangwa zigira ibimenyetso bisa na dyspraxia. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD): Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abana bafite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza bashobora no kugira ADHD .
• Ingorane z'ururimi: Kugorwa no kuvuga, kugaragaza ibitekerezo, no kumva ururimi.
• Dysgraphia: Ingorane yihariye mu kwandika.
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Urugero, guhangayika no kwiheba.
• Indwara ya Autism Spectrum.

Niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso by'izindi ndwara nk'izi, ni ngombwa cyane kumusuzuma neza no kumuvura.

Ni gute nakwita ku mwana wanjye ufite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw'imitsi? Nakora iki?

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora nk'umubyeyi ni ukuba umuvugizi w'umwana wawe. Ibyo bivuze gusobanukirwa imbogamizi umwana wawe ahura nazo no kumumenyesha ko umushyigikiye mu rugo, ku ishuri, no mu gihe akura.

Niba umwana wawe akeneye ubufasha bwihariye mu burezi ku ishuri, ushobora gukorana n'inzobere zibishinzwe kugira ngo utegure Gahunda y'Uburezi Bwite (IEP) igenewe umwana wawe . Ibi bizafasha umwana wawe mu mirimo y'ishuri.

Ni ryari umwana wanjye agomba kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye no kudakora neza kw'imitsi?

Umwana ufite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw'imitsi ashobora gukenera ubufasha mu buzima bwe bwose kugira ngo atsinde ingorane mu bijyanye n'ubuhanga bwo guhuza imitsi no guhuza imikorere y'umubiri. Niba ubonye ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo mu kazi gashya k'imitsi, urugero, igihe atangiye kwandika cyangwa kwiga gutwara imodoka, vugana na muganga we cyangwa umuvuzi w'imitsi.

Aba bana bashobora kurakara cyane iyo bumvise uburyo bwo gukora ikintu runaka, nko gutera umupira, ariko ntibashobore kugikora neza.Kubwibyo, kwita ku kibazo cy'umwana wawe akenshi bishobora kuba inzira y'igihe kirekire . Inkunga yawe n'inkunga yawe ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa bye bya buri munsi byo kunoza ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora imitsi. Mushimire iyo agaragaje iterambere rya hato na hato.

Ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo

• Kudakora neza si ubunebwe bw'umwana gusa cyangwa ubuswa gusa, ahubwo ni indwara nyayo.
• Kumenya umwana hakiri kare no kumugenera ubufasha n'ubuvuzi bikenewe bigira uruhare runini mu gufasha umwana guhangana n'ibi bibazo.
• Bafashijwe kandi bagaterwa inkunga neza, abana bafite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza bashobora guhangana n'ibibazo byabo no kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.
• Igikuru ni ukwihangana no kumva umwana wawe. Buri mwana aratandukanye, kandi urugendo rwa buri wese ruratandukanye. Urukundo rwawe n'inkunga yawe bizaba imbaraga zikomeye kuri we.

Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, ntugatinye kubaza muganga cyangwa umuvuzi w’indwara z’umutima.

` Dyspraxia, Indwara yo guhuza imikurire, Ubuhanga bwo kugenda, Iterambere ry'Umwana, Ubuvuzi bw'Imirimo, Ubuvuzi bw'Imikorere, Ingorane zo Kwiga