Ese hari umuganga wigeze akubwira, haba ku muntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa kuri wowe ubwawe, ko ufite "umutsi w'amaraso uzibye" cyangwa "umutsi w'amaraso wabyimbye nk'ibara ry'umuhondo"? Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba bwinshi iyo twumvise ikintu nk'icyo. Abantu benshi batekereza ko ikintu nk'iki gisaba kubagwa cyane, gukata igice kinini, no gukira igihe kirekire. Ariko se wari uzi ko hamwe n'iterambere rya siyansi y'ubuvuzi, ubu hari uburyo bwo kuvura byinshi muri ibi bibazo nta gukata igice kinini, binyuze mu mwobo muto cyane. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubwo buryo butangaje bwo kuvura, aribwo 'kubaga imitsi yo mu nda'.
Kubaga imitsi yo mu nda ni iki?
Muri make, kubaga imitsi yo mu nda ni uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu mubiri wacu tudakoresheje incision nini. Tekereza umuyoboro w'amazi wafunze mu nzu yawe. Kugira ngo uwukosore, ushyiramo insinga nto mu muyoboro hanyuma ugakuraho inzitira utabanje gusenya urukuta.
Izina "Endo" risobanura "imbere." "Imitsi" bivuga "ibifitanye isano n'imitsi y'amaraso." Rero iyo ibi byombi bihujwe, "Endovascular" bivuga "ubuvuzi bukorerwa mu mitsi y'amaraso." Muri ibi, abaganga babaga bashyira umuyoboro muto kandi woroshye (catheter) mu mitsi y'amaraso hanyuma bakawunyuramo kugira ngo basane ikibazo kiri mu mitsi y'amaraso. Ubu buryo bushobora gusubiza amaraso mu bwonko, mu mutima, mu ngingo no mu bihaha.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ubuvuzi gakondo n'ubu buryo bushya?
Nubwo ubwo buryo bwombi buvura imiyoboro y'amaraso, hari itandukaniro rinini mu buryo umuganga yerekezamo imiyoboro y'amaraso. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe iri tandukaniro, reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Ibiranga | Kubaga mu buryo bugaragara | Kubaga imitsi yo mu nda |
|---|---|---|
| Uburyo bwo kwinjira | Umuganga ubaga uruhu, agakata igice kinini, maze akagera ku mitsi y'amaraso. | Umwobo muto ucukurwa mu mitsi y'amaraso hakoreshejwe urushinge, hanyuma imiyoboro mito (catheters) ishyirwamo. |
| Umuhanda wo gukata | Ni nini, nkeneye kudoda. | Nto cyane (ingana n'agatsima k'agatsima). |
| Kuva amaraso | Hejuru cyane. | Hasi cyane. |
| Igihe cyo gukira | Bishobora gufata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. | Bikunze kubaho gake cyane, bishobora kugaruka uko bisanzwe mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike. |
| Igihe yamaze mu bitaro | Iminsi mike cyangwa irenga icyumweru. | Akenshi umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Wenda ushobora gutaha uwo munsi. |
Igikuru ni uko muganga wawe azagena uburyo muri ubu buryo bubiri bukubereye, akurikije uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.
Ni izihe ndwara z'ingenzi zivurwa n'ubu buryo?
Kubaga imitsi yo mu nda bikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye zifitanye isano n'umutima n'imitsi ijyana amaraso. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:
- Aneurysm: Iyi ni intege nke z'urukuta rw'imitsi ijyana amaraso, bigatuma izamuka nk'ibara ry'umupira. Ibi bishobora kubaho muri aneurysm yo mu nda cyangwa muri aneurysm yo mu gituza, ndetse no mu yindi mitsi yo mu mubiri. Ibi ni bibi kuko iyo iyi aneurysm yacitse, ishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi imbere mu mubiri.
- Ateriosclerosis: Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi. Muri make, ni ukwiyongera kwa cholesterol n'ibinure mu miyoboro y'amaraso, bigatera "plaque". Ibi bituma imiyoboro y'amaraso ifungana kandi ikabuza amaraso gutembera. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara nk'indwara z'umutima na stroke.
- Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid:Imitsi ya carotid ni imitsi ibiri y’ingenzi y’amaraso iri ku mpande zombi z’ijosi ryacu ijyana amaraso mu bwonko. Iyo iyo mitsi ifunze, ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo gucika kw’imitsi biriyongera cyane.
- Indwara yo mu mitsi miremire (DVT): Iyi ni ifu y'amaraso ikora mu mitsi iri imbere mu mubiri, cyane cyane mu maguru. Akaga hano ni uko iyo iyi fu y'amaraso icitse ikagwa mu mitsi iri mu bihaha (Pulmonary Embolism), ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
- Indwara y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere (PAD): Indwara iterwa no kugabanuka kw'imitsi ijyana amaraso ku ngingo, cyane cyane amaguru. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ububabare mu maguru iyo umuntu agenda intera ndende.
Ni iki kibaho mbere yo kubagwa?
Niba ugiriwe inama yo kubagwa muri ubwo bwoko, muganga wawe azabanza kukuganiriza ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Hanyuma azagukorera isuzuma ry'umubiri kandi agutegeke ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo asobanukirwe neza ikibazo. Urugero:
- Gupima amaraso hakoreshejwe ultrasound: Kugira ngo harebwe uko amaraso atembera mu miyoboro y'amaraso n'aho yazibye.
- Angiografiya: Irangi ryihariye rishyirwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso hanyuma hagafatwa X-ray kugira ngo haboneke ikarita isobanutse y'imiyoboro y'amaraso.
- CT scan cyangwa MRI scan: Shaka amashusho arambuye y’imitsi y’amaraso n’ingingo zikikije imiyoboro y’amaraso.
- ECG na Echocardiogram: Reba imikorere y'umutima.
Hashingiwe ku makuru yavuye muri ibi bizamini, itsinda ry’abaganga rizaguteganyiriza uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ubuvuzi bukoreshwa muri ubu buryo?
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuvuzi bwo kuvura imitsi yo mu nda. Bitewe n'uko umeze, uzahitamo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muri ubu.
| Uburyo bwo kuvura (Uburyo) | Mu magambo make, ni iki kibaho? |
|---|---|
| Angioplasty | Katheteri ifite agapira k'amaraso ishyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso yazibye, hanyuma agapira k'amaraso kakazura umwuka kugira ngo gakure ahantu hazibye. |
| Gushyiramo Stent | Nyuma yo gukora angioplasty, umuyoboro muto umeze nk'icyuma (stent) ushyirwa mu mitsi kugira ngo idakomeza kuziba. |
| Kubaga indwara ya atheri | Gukuraho plaque yikubise ku nkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyihariye. |
| Gushyira Stent mu Kigega | Umuyoboro ukozwe mu mwenda n'icyuma ushyirwamo hanyuma ugashyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso idakomeye, nka aneurysm, kugira ngo ikomeze. |
| Kubaga imitsi yo mu nda | Gukuraho cyangwa gushonga kw'imiti kw'amaraso yapfutse mu mitsi (thrombolysis) hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. |
| Guteranya | Gufunga umutsi w'amaraso ku bushake binyuze mu gushyiramo ikintu gito kimeze nk'isaro mu mutsi kugira ngo uhagarike kuva amaraso cyangwa ugabanye amaraso ajyana ikibyimba. |
Bigenda bite nyuma yo kubagwa? Witondere ibi bimenyetso!
Kimwe mu byiza bikomeye by'ubu buvuzi ni gukira vuba. Bitewe n'uburemere bw'ubu buvuzi, ushobora gutaha umunsi umwe (kuvurirwa hanze) cyangwa ukamara umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri mu bitaro. Abantu benshi bashobora gukomeza imirimo yabo ya buri munsi nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe. Ariko, muganga wawe azaguha inama nziza kuri ibi.
Ni ngombwa cyane kujya mu nama zose zo gukurikirana indwara hamwe na muganga wawe nyuma yo kubagwa. Nanone, niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, menyesha muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu bitaro bikuru byihutirwa (ETU) biri hafi yawe.
- Ububabare bukomeye mu nda, mu gituza, mu mugongo, cyangwa mu kibuno
- Kuva amaraso mu gace kakorewemo ubuvuzi
- Kubabara cyangwa kubyimba ku kuguru cyangwa ku kuboko
- Kuzungera cyangwa guta ubwenge
- Kubura ibyiyumvo cyangwa kubura uko umuntu yumva ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru
- Gucika intege cyangwa umunaniro ukabije
- Uruhu rutukura cyangwa amazi asa n'ibibyimba biva mu gasabo gato gakozwe mu gihe cyo kubagwa
- Umuriro
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kubaga imitsi yo mu nda ni uburyo bugezweho kandi bwizewe bwo kuvura imitsi y'amaraso mu mubiri, hatabayeho gukata cyane.
- Ibi bishobora kuvura indwara nyinshi zikomeye nka atherosclerosis, aneurysm, na deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- Ubu buryo butuma umuntu akira igihe gito, ububabare buke, kandi bumara igihe gito mu bitaro ugereranije n’ubuvuzi busanzwe bwo mu rugo.
- Umuganga ugusuzuma ni we wenyine ushobora kumenya niba ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukubereye.
- Iyo habayeho ibimenyetso bidasanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba utirengagije.
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