Ese wigeze ugira ikibazo cyo gutegura umunsi wawe, kwibanda ku gikorwa kimwe kimwe, cyangwa kugenzura amarangamutima nk'uburakari cyangwa agahinda? Dukoresha ubushobozi budasanzwe mu bwonko bwacu kugira ngo dukore ibi byose, byaba ari ugukemura ikibazo, kwiga ikintu gishya, cyangwa kuvugana neza n'abandi. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita 'Umurimo w'abayobozi'. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubwo bushobozi buhambaye cyane kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho mu buzima.
Mu magambo make, iyi Mirimo y'Ubuyobozi ni iyihe?
Tekereza ko ikigo kinini gifite Umuyobozi Mukuru. Ni we uteganya ibintu byose mu kigo, agatanga akazi, agakemura ibibazo iyo bivutse, kandi akagenzura ko byose bigenda neza. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, 'Umurimo w'Ubuyobozi' ni nk'Umuyobozi Mukuru mu bwonko bwacu. Iyi gahunda yo mu mutwe igufasha gushyiraho intego zawe, kuzitegura, no gutsinda inzitizi mu nzira.
Ku muntu ufite ubu buhanga neza,
- Ushobora gutsinda neza ku ishuri.
- Ushobora kubona akazi keza ukagakomeza.
- Imibanire myiza n'abandi, ubucuti n'imibereho y'umuryango bishobora gukomeza neza.
- Ni ingirakamaro cyane kugira ubuzima bwiza, haba mu mutwe no ku mubiri.
Niba ubwo bushobozi bufite intege nke gato, bishobora kugorana gukora ibi byavuzwe haruguru. Ariko ntugahangayike. Tuzabiganiraho cyane.
Hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi kuri ibi.
Uyu 'mukuru' mu bwonko bwacu afite imirimo itatu y'ingenzi. Reka turebe iyo ari yo.
| Izina ry'ubushobozi | Bigenda bite kuri ibi? | Urugero rworoshye |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Kwibuka Gukora | Ibi ni nk'agapapuro k'agateganyo mu bwonko bwawe. Iyo ukora akazi, ubu buryo bwo kwibuka bugufasha kubika amwe mu makuru ukeneye mu mutwe wawe no kuyakoresha kugeza urangije. | Iyo urimo gutegura ifunguro, wibuka intambwe ziri muri resept zikurikirana hanyuma ukazikora imwe imwe. Cyangwa, wibuka nimero ya terefone umuntu aguhaye hanyuma ukayibika mu mutwe kugeza igihe uzayanditse. |
| 2. Guhindura imiterere y'ubwenge | Ibi bivuga ubushobozi bwo guhindura byoroshye kuva ku gikorwa kimwe ujya ku kindi, kuva ku gitekerezo kimwe ujya ku kindi. Ibi bidufasha kumenyera impinduka mu bihe. | Iyo uri kwandika imeri mu biro, iyo umwana wawe yinjiye agasaba akazi ko ku ishuri, uhagarika imeri, ugafasha umwana wawe, hanyuma ugatangira kwandika imeri. Niba uburyo bumwe bwo gukemura ikibazo budakora, tekereza vuba ubundi buryo. |
| 3. Kugenzura ibiyobyabwenge | Ibi bikorwa mu gukumira ibikurangaza no kugenzura amarangamutima n'ibyifuzo. Mu magambo make, bigufasha kwirinda gukora ibintu utagakwiye gukora. | Kugenzura icyifuzo cyo kureba telefoni yawe mu gihe ukora akazi k'ingenzi. Kugerageza gutuza iyo umuntu akunenze, aho kurakara no kurwana. |
Ubwo bushobozi bwose uko ari butatu bukura buhoro buhoro kuva tuvutse. Akenshi burushaho kwiyongera mu buto bwacu kandi bushobora kugenda bugabanuka uko tugenda dusaza. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe.
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera imikorere mibi y'abayobozi?
Igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwacu, "Frontal Lobe" (Ijisho ry'imbere), ahanini kigenzura iyi gahunda yitwa Executive Function. Bityo rero, ikintu cyose gikora ku bwonko gishobora no kugira ingaruka kuri ubu bushobozi. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo ubwo bushobozi bucitse intege, tubwita Executive Dysfunction .
Impamvu z'ubuvuzi
- Indwara yo Kudakora ku Mutwe/Kudakora ku Mutwe (ADHD): Abantu bafite ADHD bashobora kugira ingorane zo kugenzura amarangamutima (Inhibition Control) no kwibuka amakuru (Working Memory).
- Indwara ya Autism Spectrum: Aba bantu bashobora kandi kugira ingorane mu mibanire n'abandi no kumenyera impinduka (guhindura imiterere y'ubwenge).
- Kwangirika k'ubwonko: Ibintu nk'ibikomere byo mu mutwe biturutse ku mpanuka, ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, n'ibindi.
- Indwara zo kwibagirwa: Ubwo bushobozi bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro bitewe n'indwara nka dementia na Alzheimer.
Impamvu zishingiye ku mibereho
Si impamvu z'uburwayi gusa, ahubwo hari n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi bigira ingaruka kuri ibi.
- Umuhangayiko ukomeye:Biragoye gutekereza neza no gutegura neza iyo uri mu stress nyinshi, si byo se?
- Irungu: Kugabanuka k'imibanire y'abantu nabyo bishobora gutuma imikorere y'ubwonko igabanuka.
- Kubura ibitotsi: Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye nyuma y'umunsi umwe udasinzira neza. Iyo udasinzira bihagije, ubwo bushobozi bushobora gucika intege.
- Kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri: Imyitozo ngororamubiri ni ingenzi kugira ngo umubiri n'ubwonko bikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza.
Wibuke ko ari ibisanzwe kugira ingorane zo gukora ibi bintu rimwe na rimwe. Ariko niba izi ngorane zikomeje kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga.
Ese ubwo bushobozi bushobora kugeragezwa?
Yego, niba ukeka ko ufite intege nke muri ubwo bushobozi, muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’imitsi, ushobora gupima ubwo bushobozi binyuze mu bipimo n’ibizamini bitandukanye.
Urugero, hari ikizamini cyitwa `(Stroop test)`. Tekereza, niba weretswe ijambo 'umutuku' ryanditse mu ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi hanyuma ugasabwa kuvuga ijambo ryanditseho... ubwonko bwawe bwibagirwa ibara 'icyatsi' maze bugasaba kuvuga ijambo 'umutuku'. Ibi bipima ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenzura imikorere y'umubiri, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwirengagiza ibintu bitari ngombwa. Ushobora kumenya byinshi ukoresheje ibizamini byoroshye nk'ibi.
Ese ntidushobora guteza imbere ubu buhanga?
Birashoboka rwose! Iyi ni inkuru nziza cyane. Ubwonko bwacu bumeze nk'amafi y'inyama. Uko turushaho kubutoza, niko burushaho gukomera. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kunoza ubuhanga mu mikorere y'ubuyobozi.
- Amahugurwa yo mu bumenyi bw’imitekerereze hakoreshejwe mudasobwa: Hari imikino yihariye ya mudasobwa na gahunda z’amahugurwa bifasha abana bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga kugira ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no koroherwa.
- Guhugura imikorere y'ubwonko: Ibi bikubiyemo kugenzura imiraba y'ubwonko no gutoza ubwonko kugenzura imikorere yabwo. Ibi biracyari mu cyiciro cy'ubushakashatsi.
- Imyitozo yo gutekereza: Gutekereza ku byo ukora, gukora yoga, cyangwa gukora imyitozo yo gutekereza bishobora gufasha cyane kunoza uburyo bwo kwita ku bintu no kugenzura uburyo ubyifatamo.
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Uretse gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri gusa, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri isaba gukoresha ubwonko bishobora kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Urugero rwiza ni ugukina siporo y'ikipe nka basketball.
Reba uburyo basketball iteza imbere ubu buhanga:
- Ubwibutso bw'akazi:Iyo utanze umupira, ugomba kuzirikana, igice ku kindi, aho undi mukinnyi wo mu ikipe yawe ari ubu n'aho agiye gukurikiraho.
- Kugenzura Imiterere y'Umukino: Ugomba gukomeza kwibanda ku mukino, ukagenzura ubushake bwo gutera ishoti ritari ngombwa, kandi ugatekereza guha umupira umuntu uri mu mwanya mwiza.
- Guhindura imiterere y'umuntu: Iyo umukinnyi umwe agize imvune maze umukinnyi mushya akaza, ugomba gutekereza vuba ku buhanga bw'umukinnyi mushya no guhindura uburyo ukinamo.
Ni ngombwa kandi gukomeza aya mahugurwa. Iyo uhagaritse imyitozo, ubushobozi bwawe bushobora kugaruka ku rwego rwabwo rwa mbere nyuma y'igihe runaka.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Imikorere y'ubuyobozi ni nk'umuyobozi mukuru mu bwonko bwawe. Ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.
- Ibice bitatu by'ingenzi bigize ibi ni Ukwibuka Gukora, Guhindura Imiterere y'Imitekerereze, no Kugenzura Inzitizi.
- Indwara zimwe na zimwe, kimwe n'imihangayiko myinshi, kubura ibitotsi, no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri, na byo bishobora gutuma ubwo bushobozi bugabanuka.
- Ubu bushobozi bushobora gutezwa imbere binyuze mu myitozo yo gutekereza neza, imikino n'imyitozo igerageza ubwonko.
- Niba ubonye impinduka zikomeye mu kwibuka kwawe, ubushobozi bwo gutegura cyangwa kugenzura amarangamutima yawe, ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukudatinya no kubibwira muganga wawe .
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