Twese tuzi ibicurane n'ibicurane bizana n'igihe cy'ubukonje. Ariko rimwe na rimwe si ibicurane gusa, ahubwo ni virusi ikomeye cyane yitwa 'Influenza' cyangwa 'Flu' nk'uko tuyita. Iyi ni indwara ikwirakwira vuba cyane iva ku muntu ijya ku wundi kandi rimwe na rimwe ishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima. Rero, uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo kwirinda ibi ni uguhabwa urukingo rwa grippe buri mwaka. Uyu munsi, tuzaganira kuri uru rukingo, ubwoko bwarwo, abagomba kuruhabwa, n'abatagomba kuruhabwa.
Urukingo rw'ibicurane ni iki?
Mu magambo make, urukingo rw'ibicurane ni urukingo uhabwa buri mwaka kugira ngo rukurinde virusi ya grippe. Indwara z'ubuhumekero ziterwa n'iyi virusi rimwe na rimwe zishobora guhinduka indwara zikomeye nka pneumonia ndetse zishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Rero kubona urukingo si urukingo rw'ibicurane gusa.
Igikuru ni ukubaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu mbere yuko tugerwaho n'icyorezo cya grippe. Ibyo nibyo urukingo rukora.
Hari ubwoko bungana iki bw'inkingo?
Yego, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bw'urukingo rw'ibicurane. Muganga wawe azagusaba ubwoko bukubereye, bitewe n'imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe. Reka turebe ubwo bwoko bw'ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bw'urukingo | Ingingo zihariye |
|---|---|
| Urukingo rusanzwe rw'ibicurane | Iyi ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Irimo uduce twa virusi twishwe (tudakora). Bityo ntuzigera urwara ibicurane muri uru rukingo . Umuntu wese urengeje amezi 6 ashobora kurwara. |
| Urukingo rwihariye ku bantu bakuru (Urukingo rufite dose nyinshi) | Ibi byagenewe abantu barengeje imyaka 65. Kubera ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugenda bugabanuka uko tugenda dusaza, imbaraga z'uru rukingo ziba nyinshi kugira ngo zibarinde cyane. |
| Urukingo rwo gutera mu mazuru | Iyi virusi irimo virusi nzima ariko ifite intege nke cyane (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine - LAIV). Iyi ni ubundi buryo bwiza ku bantu batinya guterwa inshinge. Ariko, ihabwa gusa abantu bazima kandi badatwite bari hagati y'imyaka 2-49. |
| Inkingo zitagira amagi ku bantu bafite ubwivumbure bw'amagi | Inkingo nyinshi z'ibicurane zikorwa hakoreshejwe amagi, ariko hari inkingo zihariye zikorwa zidafite amagi ku bantu bafite ubwivumbure bukomeye ku magi. |
Kuki ngomba kubona uru rukingo buri mwaka?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Tekereza kuri ibi, virusi ya grippe ni nk'umujura uzi kwihisha. Ihindura gato isura yayo buri gihembwe. Rero, urukingo rwakozwe umwaka ushize rushobora kuba rudahuye neza n'ubwoko bushya bwa virusi buri gusohoka muri uyu mwaka. Buri mwaka, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora ubushakashatsi, bakamenya ubwoko bwa virusi bushobora gukwirakwira ubutaha, kandi bagakora urukingo rushya rubereye. Niyo mpamvu tugomba kubona urukingo rushya buri mwaka.
Ni nde ugomba kubona urukingo?
Imiryango nka Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima isaba ko abantu bakuru hafi ya bose bahabwa urukingo rw’ibicurane. Ariko, hari abantu bamwe na bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye baramutse banduye ibicurane. Niba uri muri rimwe muri ayo matsinda, guhabwa urukingo ni ngombwa.
| Amatsinda Afite Akaga Gakomeye | |
|---|---|
| Abantu bafite indwara zidakira |
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| Ibindi byiciro by'ibyago | |
Ni nde utagomba gukingirwa?
Nubwo uru rukingo rufite umutekano ku bantu benshi, hari abantu bamwe na bamwe batagomba kuruhabwa.
- Niba warigeze kugira ubwivumbure bukomeye ku rukingo rwa grippe rwabanje.
- Niba waragize indwara y'imitsi yitwa Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) mu byumweru 6 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane mbere.
- Niba ufite ubwivumbure bukomeye ku gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'urukingo.
Cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'ubwivumbure bw'amagi
Mbere, uru rukingo ntirwari rusabwa abantu bafite ubwivumbure bw'amagi. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ingano ya poroteyine y'amagi mu rukingo ari nto cyane ku buryo bidashoboka ko byatera ibibazo umuntu ufite ubwivumbure busanzwe bw'amagi. Ariko, niba ufite ubwivumbure bukomeye ku magi (anaphylaxis) , banza uganire na muganga wawe mbere yo guhabwa urukingo.
Abantu batagomba gukoresha spray yo mu mazuru:
- Abagore batwite
- Abantu barengeje imyaka 50
- Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye
- Abantu bafite indwara zidakira nka asima na diyabete
Ni izihe ngaruka mbi n'ingaruka mbi z'urukingo?
Kimwe n'indi miti iyo ari yo yose, inkingo zishobora gutera ingaruka mbi nto. Ariko, ibyago byo kwangirika bikomeye bivuye ku rukingo rwa grippe ni bike cyane. Ingaruka mbi nto zigaragara akenshi zishira mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.
| Ubwoko bw'urukingo | Ingaruka zisanzwe |
|---|---|
| Gukingirwa indwara ziterwa n'ibicurane buri gihe (Guterwa inshinge) | - Ububabare, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba aho bateye inshinge - Ububabare bw'umubiri - Umuriro muto |
| Ipfapfa ryo mu mazuru | - Izuru riva cyangwa izuru rizibye - Kubabara mu muhogo - Inkorora n'umutwe |
Ibimenyetso bikomeye by'ubwivumbure bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse
Nubwo ibi bidakunze kubaho cyane, ni ngombwa kubimenya. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso mu minota cyangwa amasaha make uhereye igihe wakiriye urukingo, ntukabirengagize.
- Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka
- Kuzungera
- Guhindura ijwi (gusakuza cyane)
- Udukoko tw'imitsi
- Uruhu rwerurutse
- Umutima utera cyane
- Urujijo cyangwa intege nke zikomeye
Ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, jya ku bitaro bikuru byita ku barwayi ba ETU (ETU) bikwegereye vuba. Ni ngombwa kugira icyo ukora vuba udapfushije ubusa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Grippe ni indwara ishobora kuba ikomeye. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyirinda ni uguhabwa urukingo rwa buri mwaka rw'ibicurane.
- Ni ingenzi cyane kwikingiza niba ufite indwara idakira (nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, asima), utwite, cyangwa urengeje imyaka 50.
- Ingaruka nto z’urukingo (umuriro, ububabare bw’umubiri) zirakunze kugaragara kandi zizashira mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.
- Niba ugize ibimenyetso bikomeye by’ubwivumbure nko kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa indwara y’ibicurane, hita ubonana na muganga cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU).
- Niba ufite ikibazo ku bwoko bw'urukingo rukubereye n'uburyo bwo kurukingirwa, vugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe kandi akugire inama ikwiye.
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