Tekereza so, umugabo wawe, cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi cyane ahinduka mu buryo butunguranye. Umuntu wahoze ari umuntu urangwa n'ubushyuhe, w'ineza, kandi ukunda gusabana n'abandi cyane ubu arimo kuvuga amagambo ababaza cyangwa yitwara nabi mu ruhame. Ushobora gutekereza ko ari ikibazo cyo mu mutwe, wenda nk'ihungabana. Ariko, gishobora kuba indwara yihariye y'imitsi. Uyu munsi, muri Nirogi Lanka, turimo kuganira ku bwoko bwa dementia butera izi mpinduka zikomeye—indwara itandukanye n'indwara ya Alzheimer kandi itazwi cyane na benshi: Frontotemporal Dementia, cyangwa FTD.
Dementia yo mu gihe cyo kubura ubwivumbure bw'imbere mu gihe cyo kwibasira (FTD) ni iki?
Muri make, FTD ni indwara y’ubwonko ikomeza kwiyongera iterwa no kwangirika kw’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko imbere n’inyuma. Utu duce twihariye tugenzura imico yawe, imyitwarire, gufata ibyemezo, n’ubuhanga mu rurimi. Bitandukanye n’indwara isanzwe ya Alzheimer aho gutakaza kwibuka ari cyo kimenyetso cy’ibanze, kwangirika hano bitera impinduka zirenze kwibagirwa. Uzabona impinduka zikomeye mu myitwarire yabo, mu mivugire yabo, mu gusobanukirwa ururimi, ndetse no mu ngendo zabo .
Nubwo FTD ishobora kuba idakunze kumenyekana nka Alzheimer's, ifata abantu bagera kuri 10% kugeza kuri 20% by'abarwayi bose ba dementia. Ni indwara iteye ubwoba cyane kuko, bitandukanye n'ubundi bwoko bwa dementia, ikunda kugaragara kare cyane mu buzima—ikunze kwibasira abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 45 na 60 .
Mu ntangiriro zayo, kubera ko ibimenyetso bigaragara nk'imyitwarire itunguranye, idasobanutse neza, cyangwa isa n'iy'ubukonje, akenshi ifatwa nabi nk'indwara yo mu mutwe nka depression cyangwa indwara ya bipolar itangira mu gihe cya nyuma. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma gusuzuma neza FTD bikunze gutinda. Mu mateka, muganga wawe ashobora no kwita iyi ndwara indwara ya Pick.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa FTD?
FTD ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro byinshi by'ingenzi bishingiye ku bimenyetso bya mbere byagaragaye. Kugira ngo tugufashe gusobanukirwa ibi neza, reka turebe imbonerahamwe ikurikira.
| Ubwoko bwa FTD | Ibimenyetso by'ibanze |
|---|---|
| Impinduka mu mikorere ya FTD (bvFTD) | Birangwa n'impinduka zigaragara mu mico, mu mitekerereze no mu myitwarire y'abantu. Ingero zirimo gutakaza impuhwe, kwitonda, cyangwa ibikorwa bihubutse. Iyi ni yo ngano ikunze kugaragara cyane ya FTD. |
| FTD yiganje mu rurimi (Primary Progressive Aphasia) | Ibi bigira ingaruka cyane cyane ku itumanaho kandi bifite imiterere ibiri y'ingenzi: – Itandukaniro rito/rifite inyuguti PPA: Rirangwa no kugorwa no kuvuga no gushyiraho interuro. – Itandukaniro ry’amagambo PPA: Rirangwa no kubura icyo risobanura, kugorwa no kwita ibintu amazina, no kugorwa no kumenya amasura abantu bazi. |
| Ubwoko bw'itsinda ry ... | Izi ni ubwoko budakunze kugaragara cyane: – FTD-ALS: Ihuza ibimenyetso bya FTD na Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), bigatuma imitsi irushaho kugira intege nke. – Indwara ya FTD isa n’iya Parkinson: Irangwa n’ibibazo byo kugenda nk’indwara ya Parkinson, nko gutigita no gukomera. Ingero zirimo Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya FTD (indwara yo mu mutwe ifata amaguru n'amaboko)?
Ibimenyetso bya FTD bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Kubera ko ari indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, ibimenyetso bizagenda birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Reka turebe ibimenyetso bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe:
Impinduka mu myitwarire
- Imyitwarire idakwiye mu mibanire: Kuvuga ibintu bidakwiye, gukora ibintu uhubutse, cyangwa kugaragaza ko nta nzitizi n'imipaka mu mibanire.
- Kubura impuhwe n'impuhwe: Kutabasha kumva cyangwa gusubiza amarangamutima y'abandi, kugaragara nk'aho uri umuntu utagira icyo witayeho cyangwa utitayeho.
- Kutagira icyo ukora: Gutakaza cyane inyungu n'ubushake mu bikorwa wakundaga gukora.
- Imyitwarire isubiramo: Gukora ibikorwa byo kwihutaza cyangwa gusubiramo, nko gukoma amashyi, kuruma iminwa, cyangwa gusubiramo amagambo n'interuro zimwe.
- Kwirengagiza isuku y'umuntu ku giti cye: Kwibagirwa cyangwa kwanga koga, koza amenyo, cyangwa gukomeza kwiyitaho.
- Impinduka mu mirire: Kugira irari rikomeye ry'ibintu biryoshye cyangwa kugerageza kurya ibintu bidashobora kuribwa.
Impinduka mu rurimi no mu itumanaho
- Kugorwa no kubona amagambo akwiye mu gihe uvuga.
- Gutakaza ibisobanuro by'amagambo asanzwe.
- Gukoresha interuro zoroshye, za telegrafiki, cyangwa ngufi cyane.
- Kuvuga mu buryo budafite gahunda cyangwa budafite ishingiro.
Impinduka mu mikorere n'imigendekere y'imodoka
- Kugorwa no kugenzura uko amaso agenda.
- Kujugumira kw'imitsi cyangwa kunyeganyega.
- Gukomera no gukomera kw'imitsi.
- Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu.
- Kugorwa no kumira (dysphagia).
- Imvugo idasobanutse neza.
- Kugwa no kugenda nabi kenshi.
Ikigaragara ni uko abantu barwaye Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)—uburyo bwo kugenda bufitanye isano na FTD—bafite imiterere itandukanye n’iy’abantu barwaye Parkinson. Nubwo abantu barwaye Parkinson bakunze kunama imbere, abafite PSP bakunda guhagarara bagororotse cyangwa bagasubira inyuma, bigatuma bashobora kugwa inyuma.
Ni iki gitera indwara yo kwiheba imbere mu gihe cyo kuruhuka (FTD) kandi ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?
FTD ibaho iyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi (neurons) mu bwonko dupfuye, bigatuma ibice bimwe na bimwe by’ubwonko bigabanuka. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko iyi ndwara iterwa no kwiyongera kudasanzwe kwa poroteyine runaka mu bwonko, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa tau na TDP-43 bwahindutse.
Hafi 40% by'abantu basanzwe barwaye FTD bafite amateka y'umuryango wabo iyo ndwara , ibyo bikaba bigaragaza isano ikomeye hagati yabo mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Byongeye kandi, hari ibindi bintu bishobora gutuma umuntu ashobora kwandura iyi ndwara:
- Ibikomere bikomeye ku mutwe: Gukomereka ku mutwe bikomeye bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara FTD inshuro eshatu.
- Indwara ya tiroyide: Ibibazo bya tiroyide bishobora kongera ibyago byawe bya FTD inshuro ebyiri.
Ni gute indwara ya Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) ipimwa?
Gusuzuma FTD nta kabuza bishobora kugorana cyane, kuko ibimenyetso byayo bikunze guhura n’ibindi bibazo nka Parkinson, Alzheimer, kwiheba, cyangwa indwara zo mu bwonko.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, niba ubonye impinduka zidasanzwe cyangwa zidasobanutse mu myitwarire y'umuntu ukunda, nyamuneka ntuzirengagize. Muri Nirogi Lanka, turagusaba cyane kugisha inama umuganga vuba.
Muganga wawe azagukorera amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe arambuye kandi ashobora gutegeka ko upimwa amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane izindi ndwara. Akenshi, bakohereza kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu bwonko, uzasuzuma uburinganire, ubushobozi bwo kwibuka, n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Kugira ngo yemeze ko ufite FTD, uyu muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:
- Isuzuma rya CT: Isuzuma ryihariye ritanga amashusho arambuye ku bice by'ubwonko bya X-ray.
- MRI scan: Ikoresha imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi n'imiraba ya radiyo kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y'imiterere y'ubwonko.
- Isuzuma rya FDG-PET: Rikoresha agace gato k'icyuma gipima imirasire mu mitsi kugira ngo ryerekane uburyo ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bikora.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram): Ipima kandi ikandika imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko.
- Gupfuka umugongo (gupfuka umugongo): Isesengura amazi yo mu bwonko akikije ubwonko n'umugongo.
- Gupima indwara z'ubwonko: Bikubiyemo imirimo yo mu mutwe, ibibazo, n'amayobera yo gusuzuma kwibuka, ubuhanga mu rurimi, gutekereza, n'indi mirimo yo mu mutwe.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo mu mutwe (FTD)?
Muri iki gihe, nta muti uhari wa FTD, ndetse nta n'uburyo bwo kuyihagarika. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imiti isanzwe itangwa ku ndwara ya Alzheimer idakora kuri FTD, kandi rimwe na rimwe, ishobora no gutuma ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera.
Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura n'imiti igufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi:
- Imiti igabanya kwiheba: Iyi ishobora kugira akamaro kanini mu gucunga ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima, kurakara, n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire.
- Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe: Nubwo iyi miti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura impinduka zikomeye mu myitwarire, ifite ibyago bikomeye byo kugira ingaruka mbi. Igomba gukoreshwa gusa munsi y'ubugenzuzi bukomeye bw'umuganga wawe.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire: Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gukemura ibibazo by'itumanaho, ururimi, no kumira.
Kubana na FTD no kwita ku wo ukunda
Gusuzuma indwara ya FTD biragoye cyane, atari ku muntu ku giti cye gusa ahubwo no ku muryango wose. Niyo mpamvu gushaka ubuyobozi ku nzobere y’inararibonye ukimara kubona isuzuma ari ingenzi cyane.
Niba wita ku muntu urwaye FTD ...
Gukora nk'umurwaza bishobora kugorana ku mubiri no mu marangamutima. Hano muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka gusangira ingamba zimwe na zimwe zifatika zo kugufasha muri uru rugendo:
- Andika mu ikaye ijyanye n'imyitwarire: Andika impinduka zose mu myitwarire n'ibindi bishobora gutera. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kwitegura no kwirinda ibintu bigoye.
- Shyiraho gahunda ihamye: Gufata igihe gihamye cyo kurya, kwiyuhagira no gusinzira bishobora gutuma umererwa neza kandi ugatuza.
- Igisha umuryango n'abashyitsi: Sobanurira abavandimwe n'abashyitsi witonze ikibazo mbere y'igihe kugira ngo basobanukirwe icyo bategereje.
- Shyira imbere ubuzima bwawe: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Ushobora kwita ku muntu wawe gusa iyo ufite ubuzima bwiza bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe. Menya neza ko urya indyo yuzuye, ukaruhuka bihagije, ugakomeza gukora cyane, kandi ugakoresha ubuvuzi bw'inzobere kugira ngo ufate ikiruhuko gikenewe.
- Teganya ahazaza hakiri kare: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, FTD iratera imbere kugeza aho ikeneye ubuvuzi bw'amasaha 24. Guhita ujya mu kigo cy’abaforomo cyangwa mu kigo cyita ku barwayi bakuze bishobora kuba ngombwa, bityo kubiganiraho no kubitegura hakiri kare ni byiza cyane.
Impuzandengo y'igihe cyo kubaho nyuma yo gupimwa indwara ya FTD ni imyaka 7.5. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko urupfu rukunze guterwa n'ingorane z'indwara aho guterwa n'indwara ubwayo. Urugero, kugorwa no kumira (dysphagia) biganisha ku ndwara ya aspiration pneumonia ni imwe mu ngorane zikunze kugaragara.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe (Ubutumwa bwawe bwo kujyana mu rugo)
- Dementia yo mu gihe cyo kubura icyerekezo (FTD) ni indwara igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku myitwarire, imico, n'itumanaho mu ntangiriro zayo, aho kugira ingaruka ku kwibuka.
- Bitandukanye na Alzheimer's, FTD ikunze gutangira umuntu akiri muto, akenshi ikaba yibasira abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 45 na 60 .
- Nubwo nta muti uhari, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura no kuvura buhari kugira ngo bufashe mu kurwanya ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima bwawe.
- Niba ubonye impinduka zitunguranye kandi zitasobanuwe mu myitwarire y'umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, ntuzirengagize. Shaka inama z'abaganga b'inzobere ako kanya.
- Imibereho yawe y'umubiri n'iy'ubwenge nk'uko ubuzima bw'umurwayi urimo kwitaho ari ingenzi cyane.
Dementia yo mu gihe cyo kuruhuka imbere, FTD, Dementia, Ubuzima bw'ubwonko, Impinduka mu myitwarire, Gutakaza kwibuka, Indwara z'imitsi, Nirogi Lanka
