Isukari ni iki? Ifitanye isano ite na diyabete?

Iyo uvuze diyabete, ushobora kuba wumva amagambo 'Isukari yo mu maraso' cyangwa 'Glucose' igihe cyose, sibyo? Ni ingenzi cyane kumenya neza icyo isukari ari cyo, isoko y'ingufu z'imibiri yacu ituruka ku biribwa turya, cyane cyane niba urwaye diyabete cyangwa uri mu kaga ko kurwara diyabete. None rero uyu munsi, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, kuva kuri A kugeza kuri Z.

Glucose na Insulin ni iki?

Muri make, isukari ni ubwoko bw'isukari . Tuyikura mu biribwa turya, cyane cyane ibiryo birimo karubohidrati nyinshi. Umubiri wacu ukoresha iyi sukari kugira ngo utange ingufu ku turemangingo. Iyo iyi sukari inyuze mu maraso, tuyita "isukari yo mu maraso" cyangwa "isukari yo mu maraso".

Aha niho uruhare rwa insuline rugaragara. Insulini ni imisemburo ikorerwa mu impyiko zacu. Nk'urufunguzo, iyi insuline niyo ifungura uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu kandi igafasha isukari iri mu maraso kwinjira muri utwo turemangingo no gukora ingufu.

Niba waranduye Diyabete Mellitus, bivuze ko urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru y'ibisanzwe. Hari impamvu ebyiri zishobora kuba zibitera:

1. Umubiri wawe ntukora insuline ihagije yo kwimura isukari mu maraso ikayijyana mu turemangingo.

2. Cyangwa, nubwo insuline ihari, uturemangingo tw'umubiri wawe ntitwitabira neza (Insulin Resistance).

Ni gute twinjiza isukari mu mibiri yacu?

Ibiribwa byinshi turya, cyane cyane ibikungahaye kuri karubohidrati nk'umugati, umuceri, ibirayi n'imbuto, biba birimo isukari. Iyo tumaze kurya, ibiryo bijya mu gifu bigacibwamo uduce duto duto na enzymes na aside. Ubu buryo burekura isukari.

Hanyuma, iyi glucose ijya mu mara ikajya mu maraso. Icyo gihe ni bwo imisemburo ya insuline ijyamo igafasha kohereza iyi glucose mu turemangingo.

Ingufu n'ububiko: Ni iki kibaho kuri glucose iri mu mubiri?

Imibiri yacu yagenewe kugumana urugero ruhoraho rwa glucose mu maraso. Iyo urugero rwa glucose mu maraso rwiyongereye nyuma yo kurya, uturemangingo twihariye (uturemangingo twa beta) muri pancreas dukora insuline. Iyi insuline ifungurira amarembo glucose kwinjira mu turemangingo tw’imitsi, ibinure n’umwijima.

Igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ubwonko

Nubwo ingirabuzima fatizo nyinshi mu mubiri wacu zikoresha isukari, aside amine (ibyubaka poroteyine), n'ibinure kugira ngo bitange ingufu, igitutu cy'ingenzi cy'ubwonko bwacu ni isukari.Isukari ni ingenzi mu gutunganya amakuru y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi n’ibintu bitanga imiti mu bwonko. Iyo tudafite isukari, ubwonko bwacu ntibushobora gukora neza.

Kubika ingufu z'inyongera

Nyuma y'uko umubiri ukoresheje ingufu ukeneye, isukari isigaye ibikwa mu mwijima no mu mitsi nk'udutsi duto twitwa glycogen . Umubiri wacu ushobora kubika ingufu ukeneye umunsi wose muri ubu buryo.

Tekereza ko umaze amasaha make utarya. Igipimo cya glucose mu maraso yawe kiragabanuka. Muri icyo gihe, pancreas ihagarika gukora insuline igatangira gukora indi misemburo yitwa glucagon . Iyi glucagon imenyesha umwijima guhindura glycogen yabitswe ikongera kuba glucose. Iyo glucose yinjira mu maraso, igaha umubiri imbaraga kugeza igihe wongeye kurya.

Isukari y'amaraso na Diyabete

Ni ibisanzwe ko isukari mu maraso izamuka nyuma yo kurya hanyuma ikongera ikagabanuka nyuma y'amasaha make. Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso cy'umuntu muzima kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya 100 mg/dL.

Ariko niba urwaye diyabete, umubiri wawe ntushobora kuyitunganya neza.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa diyabete:

• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1: Muri ubu bwoko bwa diyabete, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri busenya uturemangingo dukora insuline mu ipanjisi, bigatuma umubiri udakora insuline ihagije.
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2: Muri iki kibazo, uturemangingo tw’umubiri ntitwitabira insuline neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, pancreas igomba gukora insuline nyinshi kugira ngo isukari yinjire mu turemangingo. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, pancreas ishobora gucika intege ntishobore gukora insuline ihagije.

Iyo insuline idafite ihagije, isukari yiyongera mu maraso aho kwinjira mu turemangingo. Igipimo cya isukari mu maraso kirenze 200 mg/dL amasaha 2 nyuma yo kurya cyangwa kirenze 125 mg/dL iyo kwiyiriza ubusa byitwa hyperglycemia .

Ni gute wapima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso?

Uburyo bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ubu:

1. Isuzuma ry'urutoki: Amaraso make afatwa mu mutwe w'urutoki hakoreshejwe agakoresho k'ingufu, agashyirwa ku murongo w'isuzuma, agapimwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima isukari. Ushobora kubona urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe mu masegonda make.

2. Igenzura ry’isukari mu maraso rihoraho (CGM): Akamashini gato gashyirwa munsi y’uruhu, akenshi mu kuboko cyangwa mu nda. Gapima buri gihe urugero rw’isukari mu maraso yawe binyuze mu kugenzura amazi ari hagati y’uturemangingo hanyuma kohereza amakuru ku gikoresho nka porogaramu ya terefone.

Ikizamini cya A1c ni iki?

Ikizamini cya A1c (ikizamini cya HbA1c) ni ikizamini cy'amaraso kigaragaza impuzandengo y'isukari mu maraso yawe mu mezi 2-3 ashize.

Iyo isukari yinjiye mu maraso, ifata hemoglobine, igice cy’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dutwara ogisijeni mu maraso. Ikizamini cya A1c gipima ingano ya hemoglobine iri mu maraso yawe yuzuyemo isukari (glycated). Uko isukari y’amaraso iba nyinshi, niko agaciro ka A1c kaba kari hejuru.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera isukari nke mu maraso (Hypoglycemia)?

Hypoglycemia ni indwara aho isukari mu maraso igabanuka iri munsi ya 70 mg/dL. Ibi bishobora guhita biba ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ibi bibaho.

• Kunywa inzoga mu nda irimo ubusa.
• Gufata imiti myinshi ya insuline cyangwa indi miti ya diyabete birenze uko bikenewe.
• Gusiba amafunguro.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kurusha uko bisanzwe.
• Impinduka mu misemburo (urugero: imihango ya buri kwezi).

Ukora iki iyo urugero rw'isukari yawe rugabanutse?

Ushobora gukurikiza "itegeko rya 15-15" ryatanzwe n'ishyirahamwe ry'abarwayi ba diyabete muri Amerika:

1. Kurya cyangwa kunywa garama 15 za karubohidrati zigira uruhare runini mu gukora (urugero: utuyiko 3 tw'isukari/glucose, ikiyiko 1 cy'ubuki).

2. Tegereza iminota 15 .

3. Ongera usuzume isukari yawe mu maraso. Niba ikiri munsi ya 70 mg/dL, fata indi garama 15 za karubohidrati.

4. Subiramo ibi kugeza igihe igipimo cy'isukari gisubiye ku rugero rusanzwe.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera isukari nyinshi mu maraso (Hyperglycemia)?

Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kiri hejuru ya 180 mg/dL cyitwa hyperglycemia. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera.

• Kutanywa insuline cyangwa indi miti ihagije.
• Kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Indwara (urugero: ibicurane, grippe) cyangwa ubwandu.
• Guhangayika.
• Kurya byinshi kuruta uko byari biteganijwe.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU)?

Niba igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe kiri kuri 300 mg/dL cyangwa kirenze kabiri yikurikiranya , hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.

Indwara ya hyperglycemia itavuwe ishobora gutera ketoacidosis ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, cyangwa diyabete koma. Jyana ibitaro byihutirwa mu gihe ugize kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Impumuro y'imbuto ku mwuka.
• Isesemi no kuruka.
• Kuma cyane mu kanwa.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.

Ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe kigume ku rugero rukwiye. Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe. Suzuma igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe. Ukoresheje imyitozo ngororamubiri, indyo yuzuye, n'imiti yandikiwe na muganga, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza.