Ese wigeze wumva umuganga aguha umuti wo kugabanya amaraso cyangwa uwo mu muryango wawe mu bitaro? Umuti uhabwa ushobora kuba ari heparin. Abantu benshi banawita 'umuti wo kugabanya amaraso'. Ariko iri zina rishobora kuyobya gato. Mu by'ukuri ntabwo 'rigabanya' amaraso nk'amazi. None se ni iki? Rihagarika amaraso adafite ubuzima bwiza mu mibiri yacu, cyangwa rikabuza amaraso asanzwe kwiyongera. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri heparin, ingenzi ku bantu benshi, mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwumvikana.
Heparin ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Muri make, heparin ni umuti ubuza amaraso kuzura. Ni ukuvuga umuti ubuza amaraso kuzura. Ntabwo uca amaraso kuzura ngo ashongeshe amaraso yamaze kuzura, ahubwo ushobora gufasha umubiri kuyasesa ukayarinda kwiyongera.
Ushobora kuba wibaza impamvu batabitanga nk'ikinini. Impamvu ni uko amara yacu adashobora kwinjiza uyu muti witwa heparin. Rero iyo tuwufashe nk'ikinini, ntacyo bizatanga. Niyo mpamvu umuti witwa heparin utangwa buri gihe mu buryo bubiri:
1. Binyuze mu muti wa saline ushyirwa mu mitsi (IV Infusion): Ibi bikora vuba cyane kuko umuti ujya mu maraso.
2. Nk'urushinge munsi y'uruhu (Subcutaneous Injection): Iyo itanzwe muri ubu buryo, bifata isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri kugira ngo umuti winjire mu mubiri.
Ni gute heparin ikora mu mibiri yacu?
Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, reka dufate urugero ruto. Tekereza ko kurema amaraso mu mubiri wacu ari igikorwa kigoye, nko gukora ikintu mu ruganda. Ibi bisaba abakozi benshi batandukanye (imiti na poroteyine bitandukanye mu mubiri wacu) kugira ngo bifatanye.
Babiri mu bakozi b'ingenzi muri uru ruganda ni 'Thrombin' na 'Factor Xa' . Aba bombi bakora zimwe mu ntambwe za nyuma kandi z'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gukora amaraso avanze.
Heparin ikora nk'umuyobozi w'umuhanga winjira agashyira ku ruhande intwaro aba bakozi babiri b'ingenzi bafite. Ni ukuvuga ko heparin yinjiramo igahagarika 'thrombin' na 'factor Xa'. Hanyuma ntibabashe gukora akazi kabo. Amaherezo, uruganda rwose rurahagarara, kandi amaraso mashya arahagarara burundu. Urabyumva? Biroroshye cyane, sibyo?
Ni ibihe bibazo abaganga bakoresha heparin?
Heparin ni umuti w'ingenzi cyane ushobora kurokora ubuzima. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa mu kuvura no gukumira indwara zitandukanye. Reka turebe uburwayi bw'ingenzi.
| Imiterere/Ibihe | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Kuziba kw'imitsi yo mu mitsi (VTE) | Kurema kw'amaraso mu mitsi mu mubiri. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibi (DVT na PE). |
| Amaraso apfundika mu mitsi miremire (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) | Amaraso apfundika, akenshi mu mitsi miremire mu kaguru cyangwa ku kuboko. Ibi byago biba byinshi nyuma yo kubagwa bikomeye cyangwa iyo ugomba kuguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire. |
| Kuziba kw'ibihaha (PE) | Udukoko tw'amaraso twibasira ahantu nk'aho ari DVT turacika maze tugashyirwa mu mitsi yo mu bihaha. Iyi ni indwara yihutirwa kandi iteje akaga. |
| Indwara y'umutima | Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amaraso akomeza kubyimba mu gihe cy'indwara y'umutima iterwa n'uko amaraso yacitse mu mitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima. |
| Igisebe cy'imitsi | Mu gihe umuntu yarwaye indwara yo mu bwonko yatewe no kuzura kw'amaraso mu mitsi yo mu bwonko. |
| Kubaga Ibikomeye | Cyane cyane nyuma yo kubagwa nko gusimbuza ikibuno cyangwa ivi, umurwayi aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara amaraso kuko aba adakora neza. Kugira ngo birinde. |
| Indwara yo mu bwonko itera atrial fibrillation (Afib) | Kugira ngo hagabanywe ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso mu mutima bitewe n'umutima utera nabi, bishobora kugera mu bwonko bigatera indwara yo mu bwonko. |
| Dialyse y'impyiko | Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amaraso yaziba mu mashini ikoresha dialyse isukura amaraso y'abarwayi bafite ikibazo cy'impyiko. |
Byongeye kandi, hari igihe heparin ikoreshwa iyo umubyeyi afite ibyago byinshi byo kubyimba amaraso mu gihe atwite, kuko ntacyo byangiza umwana uri mu nda.
Bigenda bite iyo heparin itanzwe? Ikurikiranwa ite?
Abaganga ntibaguha heparin gusa. Uyu ni umuti utangwa witonze cyane kandi ukurikiranwa buri gihe.
Mbere yo gutangira kuvura heparin, muganga wawe azagufata amaraso yawe hanyuma agupime.
Iki kizamini cyitwa aPTT (igihe cya thromboplastin cyakozwe ku gice cyayo) . Gipima igihe gisanzwe kimara kugira ngo amaraso yawe yibumbire. Ibisubizo bikoreshwa mu kumenya ingano ya heparin ukeneye guhabwa.
Ndetse na nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa na heparin, amaraso yawe azakurwa mu byiciro bisanzwe (urugero, buri masaha 6) kandi iki kizamini cya aPTT kizasubirwamo. Kigenzura niba igipimo cya heparin uhabwa gihagije, kiri hejuru cyane, cyangwa kidahagije. Bityo, muganga wawe akunze guhindura igipimo kugira ngo gikomeze ku rugero rukwiye kuri wewe. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihutirwa, iyo hakenewe ibisubizo byihuse, hakoreshwa ikindi kizamini cyitwa ACT (igihe cyo kuvura amaraso) .
Nkwiye gufata heparin igihe kingana iki?
Ibi biterwa gusa n'impamvu uhabwa heparin. Urugero, nyuma yo kubagwa bikomeye, ishobora gutangwa mu gihe cy'iminsi 7 kugeza igihe uzabasha guhaguruka no kugenda. Ku ndwara nk'indwara y'umutima, ishobora gutangwa mu gihe cy'iminsi mike kugeza igihe ikibazo kizakemuka.
Ubusanzwe Heparin ni umuti utangwa mu bitaro. Mbere yuko uva mu bitaro, muganga wawe azagukuramo heparin wahawe binyuze mu muyoboro wa IV hanyuma akaguhindurira undi muti woroshya amaraso ushobora gufata nk'ikinini.
Ibyiza, ingaruka, n'ingaruka mbi za heparin
Kimwe n'indi miti yose, heparin ifite ibyiza n'ibyago.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya heparin
- Ikora vuba: Ikora ako kanya, cyane cyane iyo itanzwe mu mitsi.
- Kurandura vuba: Iyo umuti uhagaritswe, ingaruka zawo zihita zishira mu mubiri. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu bihe nk'ibi mbere yo kubagwa.
- Gusubira inyuma kw'ingaruka: Iyo urugero rwa heparin rwiyongereye kandi amaraso akava, hari umuti witwa protamine ushobora guhita uhindura ingaruka zawo.
- Imyaka y'ukwizerana:Ni umuti wizwe neza umaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe n'abaganga hirya no hino ku isi.
Ingaruka n'ingaruka mbi
Ingaruka zikomeye kandi zikomeye ni ukuva amaraso menshi . Iyo heparin iri mu mubiri, ndetse n'igisebe gito gishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi.
Kubwibyo, niba uhuye n'ibisebe bidasanzwe mu gihe uvurwa heparin, kuva amaraso mu ishinya mu gihe woza amenyo, cyangwa ukundi kuva amaraso kudasanzwe , menyesha muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo wawe ako kanya .
Niba uva mu buriri uri mu bitaro, saba umuntu kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kugwa. Iyo uguye, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kuva amaraso.
Iyo umuntu ahawe dose nyinshi cyane, hari amahirwe make ko ingingo z'imbere nk'ubwonko, ibihaha, n'igifu zishobora kuva amaraso mu buryo butunguranye. Ariko, iyi ngaruka ni nke cyane kuko dose igenzurwa no gupimwa amaraso mu bitaro buri gihe.
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi! Indi miti ufata ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri heparin. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe indi miti iyo ari yo yose, vitamine, cyangwa imiti y'ibimera ufata.
Izindi ngaruka mbi:
- Kubabara cyangwa gukomereka aho bateye urushinge.
- Gutakaza umusatsi (ibi ni iby'igihe gito).
- Thrombocytopenia (umubare muto wa platelet). Iki kandi ni ikintu abaganga bakunze kugenzura bakoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso.
Ibimenyetso by'umuburo bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse
Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira mugihe ufata heparin, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kuva amaraso menshi. Kubwibyo , ntugatinde kandi ushake inama kwa muganga ako kanya cyangwa ngo ujye mu bitaro bikuru byihutirwa (ETU).
| Ibimenyetso by'umuburo | |
|---|---|
| 🔴 Kugorwa no guhumeka, guhumeka vuba. | 🔴 Kuva amaraso ku buryo budashobora guhagarara (urugero: kuva mu mazuru). |
| 🔴 Ibisebe bidasanzwe, ibizinga, cyangwa uduheri ku ruhu. | 🔴 Gucika intege cyangwa kugira ibinya bitunguranye ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri. |
| 🔴 Urujijo rutunguranye, kugorwa no kugenda. | 🔴 Kugorwa no kubona cyangwa kumva mu buryo butunguranye. |
| 🔴 Umutwe ukabije. | 🔴 Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa umutima utera vuba cyane. |
| 🔴 Kuruka nk'aho ukoresheje ikawa. | 🔴 Imyanya y'umukara, ishaje, cyangwa iranduye amaraso. |
| 🔴 Inkari zihinduka umukara cyangwa umutuku. | |
Niba umuganga wo mu bitaro yafashe icyemezo cyo kuguha heparin, ntugire ubwoba. Bivuze ko ari ingenzi cyane kwirinda kubyimba kw'amaraso bitewe n'uko urwaye. Abaganga bazakomeza kugukurikirana kandi baguhe igipimo gikenewe kandi cyizewe. Niba ufite ikibazo kuri ibi, ntutinye kubaza umuganga wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Heparin si umuti ugabanya amaraso, ahubwo ni umuti urinda kurema ibice by'amaraso biteje akaga .
- Ibi ntibishobora gufatwa nk'ibinini. Bitangwa gusa nk'urushinge cyangwa binyuze mu muti wa saline ushyirwa mu mitsi .
- Ingaruka zikomeye zo kuvurwa ni ukuva amaraso menshi kuruta uko bisanzwe , bityo rero itondere impanuka nko kugwa.
- Ni ngombwa kumenyesha muganga wawe indi miti yose ufata (harimo na vitamine n'imiti ya Ayurvedic).
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'umuburo nko kuruka bisa n'ikawa, kwitumamo imyanda y'umukara, cyangwa kuva amaraso bidashobora guhagarara, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga byihutirwa.
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