Reka twige neza ibijyanye no guterwa inshinge za insuline. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu kurwanya diyabete yawe!

Niba ubana na Diyabete Mellitus, ushobora kuba warumvise iby'urushinge rwa insuline. Wenda muganga wawe yanakubwiye kuyikoresha. None se iyi insuline ni iki? Bigenda bite kuri yo? Hari ubwoko butandukanye? Ushobora kandi kuba ufite ibibazo nk'ibi. Reka tubiganireho byose mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse uyu munsi, si byo se? Nta cyo ugomba gutinya, numara kumenya ibi bintu, uzumva uruhutse.

Insulini ni iki? Kuki tuyikeneye?

Mu magambo make, insuline ni imisemburo y'ingenzi cyane ikorerwa mu mibiri yacu. Hari urugingo ruto rwitwa pancreas, sibyo, mu nda yacu? Niho iyi misemburo yitwa insuline ikorerwa.

None se, iyi insuline ikora iki? Akazi ka insuline ni ugufata isukari (glucose) mu byo turya, mu maraso, ikayohereza mu tunyangingo duto two mu mubiri, ikadufasha gukora imbaraga dukeneye kugira ngo dukore akazi kacu ka buri munsi. Tekereza nk'aho ukeneye urufunguzo rwo gufungura umuryango w'inzu, ukeneye urufunguzo rwitwa insuline rwo kohereza isukari mu tunyangingo twacu.

None se, kuki umuntu urwaye diyabete agomba gufata insuline hanze? Iyo urwaye diyabete, pancreas ikora insuline nkeya cyane, cyangwa ingano ya insuline ikorwa ntihagije ku mubiri, cyangwa insuline ikorwa ntikora neza. Impamvu iyo ari yo yose, isukari iri mu maraso ntishobora kwinjira mu turemangingo ngo ikusanyirize mu maraso, bigatuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rwiyongera. Icyo gihe ni bwo ugomba gutanga insuline hanze nk'urushinge kugira ngo ugenzure urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Ibi ni nko gutanga ikintu kibura mu mubiri wacu.

Reka dusobanukirwe uburyo inshinge za insuline bikora? (Itangira, Igihe kinini, igihe kirekire)

Noneho, iyo muganga wawe aguhaye insuline, ushobora kuba warumvise andi magambo atatu avugwa hamwe n'izina ryayo: 'Onset', 'Peak', na 'Duration'. Nubwo aya ari amagambo y'Icyongereza, kumenya neza icyo asobanura ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvura diyabete yawe. Reka turebe icyo buri kimwe muri ibi bivuze.

'Itangira' (igihe cyo gutangira)

'Itangira' ni igihe bifata kugira ngo insuline itangire gukora mu mubiri wawe nyuma yo kuyitera, bivuze ko itangira kugabanya isukari mu maraso yawe. Nk'uko bifata igihe kugira ngo dutangire gutwara igare, insuline zimwe na zimwe zifata igihe kugira ngo zitangire gukora. Zimwe zitangira gukora vuba, izindi zigafata igihe kirekire.

'Umubare munini' (igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora ibikorwa)

'Peak' ni igihe insuline iterwa kandi igakora cyane mu kugabanya isukari mu maraso. Iki ni cyo gihe insuline igira ingaruka nziza cyane. Muri iki gihe 'Peak', urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rushobora kugabanuka cyane mu buryo butunguranye (indwara yitwa 'Hypoglycemia'). Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ibi bihe 'Peak' no kwitondera ibintu nko kurya muri ibyo bihe.

'Igihe' (igihe cyose cy'akazi)

'Igihe' bivuze igihe ingaruka za insuline zimara mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bivuze ko nyuma yo guterwa urushinge rumwe, bizagufasha kugenzura isukari mu maraso yawe mu gihe cy'amasaha angahe. Insulini zimwe zikora amasaha make gusa, izindi zigakora amasaha 24 cyangwa arenga.

Ibi bintu nka 'Onset', 'Peak', na 'Uburambe' biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa insuline. Niyo mpamvu muganga wawe azahitamo insuline ikubereye, ashingiye ku bintu byinshi, nko kurya, uburyo ukora siporo, n'ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Reka turebe ubwo bwoko bwa insuline.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa insuline. Bushyirwa mu byiciro bitewe n'uburyo zitangira gukora vuba (Itangira), igihe zigira ingaruka nziza (Isonga), n'igihe zimara mu mubiri (Igihe zimara).

Insulini ikora vuba

Ubu bwoko bwa insuline, nk'uko izina ribivuga, butangira gukora vuba cyane. Ubusanzwe butangira gukora mu minota 5-20 nyuma yo guterwa. Ingaruka zayo zikomeye, cyangwa ingaruka zayo zose, ziba mu masaha 1-3 , kandi ingaruka zayo zose zimara amasaha 3-5 . Akenshi ifatwa mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo kurya.

• Ingero: `Insuline glulisine (Apidra®)`, `Insuline aspart (Novolog®)`, `Insulin lispro (Humalog®)` (U-100 / U-200).

Tekereza ko witegura kurya umuceri ubu. Hanyuma, gufata ubwoko bw'ingufu za insuline bizagufasha kugenzura vuba ingano y'isukari yongerwa mu maraso yawe mu byo urya.

Insulini ikora vuba

Ibi kandi byitwa 'Insulin isanzwe'. Izi ntabwo zihuta cyane nka insuline ikora vuba yavuzwe haruguru, ariko zigira imbaraga vuba. Bifata iminota 30-60 kugira ngo zitangire gukora. 'Peak' iba hagati y'amasaha 2-4 , kandi ingaruka zimara amasaha 5-8 . Ibi kandi bikunze gufatwa iminota 30 mbere yo kurya.

• Urugero: `Insulini isanzwe (Novolin R, Humulin R)`.

Insulini ikora neza

Ubu bwoko bwa insuline bufata amasaha 1-2 kugira ngo butangire gukora. Igihe cyo kuruhuka gitinzeho gato, hagati y'amasaha 4-12 . Kubera ko izi zigira igihe cyo gukora amasaha 14-24 , hari igihe ugomba kuzitera kabiri ku munsi.

• Urugero: `NPH insuline (Novolin N, Humulin N)`.

Insulini ikora igihe kirekire

Ibi kandi byitwa insuline ya "basal". Izi zifasha mu kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso, kimwe na insuline isanzwe y'umubiri wacu, umunsi wose. Zimwe muri zo ntabwo zigira "peak" isobanutse neza, bityo nta byago byinshi byo kugabanuka kw'isukari mu maraso. Ingaruka zishobora kumara amasaha 24 cyangwa arenga.

• Ingero:
• Insulin detemir (Levemir®): Ifata isaha imwe kugira ngo itangire gukora. Ingaruka nziza imara amasaha 3-14.Bishobora kuba hagati. Ingaruka zimara amasaha 24 .
• `Insulin glargine U-100 (Lantus®, Basaglar®)`: Bifata amasaha 3-4 kugira ngo itangire gukora. Nta 'gihe' gisobanutse neza . Ingaruka zimara amasaha 24 .
• Insulin glargine U-300 (Toujeo®): Ifata amasaha agera kuri 6 kugira ngo itangire gukora. Ibi kandi ntibigira 'agahenge' . Ingaruka zishobora kumara amasaha agera kuri 36 .
• Insulin degludec U-100/U-200 (Tresiba®): Bifata isaha imwe kugira ngo itangire gukora. Ibi kandi ntibigira 'agahenge' . Ingaruka zishobora kumara amasaha 42 .

Iyo ifashwe rimwe (cyangwa kabiri) ku munsi, ubu bwoko bwa insuline bufasha kugumana igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso gihamye umunsi wose, nk'uko imibiri yacu ihabwa ingano nto ya insuline umunsi wose.

Insulini ivanze mbere

Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ibi ni uruvange rw'ubwoko bubiri bwa insuline, ikora vuba n'ikora hagati, cyangwa ibindi bisa. Ibi bivuze ko urushinge rumwe rukora byombi. Ibi akenshi bifatwa mbere yo kurya.

• Ingero:
• Insulini ivanze mbere ya 70/30 (70% NPH na 30% bisanzwe)`: Bifata igice cy'isaha kugeza ku isaha kugira ngo itangire gukora. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko ni hagati y'amasaha 2-12 . Ingaruka zimara amasaha 10-16 .
• `Insulini ivanze mbere ya 50/50 (50% NPH na 50% Isanzwe)`: Bifata igice cy'isaha kugeza ku isaha kugira ngo itangire gukora. Igihe cyo hejuru ni hagati y'amasaha 2-12 . Ingaruka zimara amasaha 10-16 .
• Humalog® Mix 75/25 (75% insulin lispro protamine na 25% insulin lispro): Itangira gukora mu minota 5-20 . Igihe cyo gukora cyane ni isaha 1-2 . Ingaruka zimara amasaha 10-16 .
• Humalog® Mix 50/50 (50% insulin lispro protamine na 50% insulin lispro): Itangira gukora mu minota 5-20 . Ingaruka nini ni amasaha 1-2 . Igihe cyo gukora ni amasaha 10-16 .
• `NovoLog® Mix 70/30 (70% insulin aspart protamine na 30% insulin aspart)`: Itangira gukora mu minota 5-20 . Igihe cyo hejuru ni isaha 1-2 . Ingaruka zimara amasaha 10-16 .

Iyo ukoresheje insuline ivanze nk'iyi, bishobora kugabanya umubare w'inshinge ku munsi, ibyo bikaba byorohereza abantu bamwe.

Ni gute watera insuline? Ni hehe wagombye kuyitera?

Hari ahantu henshi ku mibiri yacu hakwiriye guterwa inshinge za insuline.

• Agace ko mu nda: Hafi santimetero ebyiri zikikije agace k'umukondo (umbilicus), no hafi y'ako gace.
• Agace k'ikibero cy'amaguru: Hejuru n'inyuma by'ikibero.
• Inyuma y'ukuboko ko hejuru.
• Agace k'amatako.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni ukudatera insuline ahantu hamwe buri munsi.Ibi bibaye, ibinure biri munsi y'uruhu muri ako gace bishobora kubyimba no gukora ibibyimba. Ibi byitwa `Lipohypertrophy`. Iyo bibaye, umubiri ufata insuline nke muri ako gace, kandi insuline ntikora neza. Kubwibyo, ugomba guhindura aho uterwa inshinge buri munsi. Ibi byitwa `rotation` . Urugero, niba uteye inshinge ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'igifu uyu munsi, ugomba gutera inshinge ku ruhande rw'iburyo ejo, hanyuma ejobundi ukayitera ku itako ry'ibumoso.

Muganga wawe cyangwa Umuforomo w’Umuforomokazi w’Indwara ya Diyabete azakwigisha neza uburyo bwo gutera insuline, uburyo bwo gukoresha seringe, n’uburyo bwo gukoresha ikaramu ya insuline niba uyifite. Ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza aya mabwiriza neza.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa no gukoresha insuline?

Kimwe n'indi miti iyo ari yo yose, insuline ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi nto. Ariko nta kintu cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo, kuko kubimenya bishobora kubigenzura no kubikumira.

Hypoglycemia - isukari nke mu maraso

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi twese tugomba kwitondera mu gihe dufata insuline. Muri make, iyi ndwara yitwa 'Hypoglycemia' ibaho iyo urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rugabanutse cyane.

• Ibimenyetso ni ibihe?
• Kubira ibyuya bitunguranye
• Kumva umubiri wawe urimo kunyeganyega
• Umutima utera cyane
• Kumva uhangayitse, udatuje
• Kumva ushonje cyane
• Kumva ufite isereri, ufite umutwe ukeye
• Ijwi rirahinduka, rigahindagurika iyo uvuga
• Kureba nabi
• Iyo iki kibazo kibaye gikomeye cyane, gishobora no gutuma umuntu ata ubwenge. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ibi bimenyetso.

• Kuki ibi bibaho?
• Kurya byatinze cyangwa gusimbuka ifunguro.
• Gufata insuline nyinshi cyane.
• Gukora siporo cyane kuruta uko bisanzwe, kutarya bihagije kugira ngo bibe bisimbura ibyo umuntu arya, cyangwa kutagabanya insuline.

• Icyo wakora? Ukimara kumva ibi bimenyetso, ugomba kurya isukari vuba bishoboka. Urugero, ushobora kunywa ibinini bike bya glucose, utuyiko 2-3 by'isukari byashongeshejwe mu mazi make, kunywa umutobe w'imbuto (urimo isukari), cyangwa kunywa ikinyobwa gito gishyushye. Hanyuma, nyuma y'igihe gito, urya ifunguro rito ririmo karubohidrati (urugero: agace k'umugati, biscuits nke). Ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi no kumenya neza icyo wakora mu gihe cy'impanuka.

Indwara ya Allergie yo mu gace runaka

Mu by’ukuri ibi ni ibintu bidasanzwe cyane. Aho bateye inshinge za insuline hashobora gutukura, kubyimba gato, no gushya. Ibi bikunze kwishira ubwabyo mu minsi mike. Ariko, niba bikomeje cyangwa bikarushaho kuba bibi, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe.

Kongera ibiro

Hari abantu bashobora kwiyongera ibiro gato iyo batangiye gufata insuline. Ibi biterwa nuko, mbere, isukari itari yinjira neza mu turemangingo bitewe na diyabete, ariko ubu, kubera insuline, isukari itangira gukoreshwa nk'ingufu. Nanone, ingufu zirenze urugero zibikwa mu mubiri, bishobora gutuma ibiro byiyongera. Ariko ntugahangayike, ushobora kugenzura cyane uku kwiyongera ibiro urya indyo yuzuye kandi iboneye kandi ugakora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi.

Ugomba kwibuka ibi bintu mu gihe ukoresha insuline:

• Insulini ifatwa mbere yo kurya: Insulini zikora vuba nka Humalog®, Novolog®, na Apidra® zigomba gufatwa iminota 15 mbere yo kurya. Insulini isanzwe ikwiye gufatwa iminota 30 mbere yo kurya. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso nyuma yo kurya.
• Kuvanga insuline: Ubwoko bumwe bwa insuline (urugero, insuline ikora vuba cyangwa isanzwe na insuline ya NPH) bushobora kuvangwa muri syringe imwe. Ariko gusa iyo muganga akubwiye kubikora. Ariko ntuzigere uvanga insuline iva mu kigo kimwe na insuline iva mu kindi. Urugero, Humulin-R® (yo muri Eli Lilly) ntigomba kuvangwa na Novolin-N® (yo muri Novo-Nordisk). Ibi biterwa nuko uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukora iyi insuline n'ibiyirinda bishobora kuba bitandukanye, bityo ingaruka zo kuyivanga ntizirasuzumwa.
• Muganga wawe azagena ubwoko bwa insuline ikubereye, ingano (dose) ugomba gufata, inshuro ugomba kuyifata ku munsi, n'igihe ugomba kuyifata. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza neza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe. Ntugahindure ingano cyangwa igihe ubyifuza.
• Niba ukoresha amakaramu ya insuline, koresha gusa inshinge zabigenewe zihuye n'ikaramu yawe. Ni byiza gukoresha urushinge rushya igihe cyose utera insuline. Gukoresha urushinge rumwe inshuro nyinshi bishobora gutera ububabare, kwandura no kubyimba kw'urushinge, bishobora kubuza insuline gutangwa neza.
• Ni ngombwa kandi kugumana insuline ku bushyuhe bukwiye. Uducupa twa insuline cyangwa amakaramu adakoreshwa agomba kubikwa muri firigo (atari ahantu ho gukonjesha). Agacupa cyangwa ikaramu imaze gukoreshwa ishobora kubikwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe bw'icyumba (ahantu hatarangwa n'izuba ryinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi). Igihe kimara gitandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwa insuline. Reba agapapuro kabigenewe kaza na insuline yawe, cyangwa ubaze muganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiye.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kubana na diyabete rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana. Ariko, insuline ni umuti w'agaciro ushobora kugufasha kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, kukurinda ingorane diyabete ishobora gutera, no kugufasha kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

Ntugatinye insuline cyangwa ngo uyifate nk'ikibazo gikomeye. Tekereza nk'inshuti yawe, umuntu uhari kugira ngo agufashe kandi akwiteho.

Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa se gushidikanya gato kuri insuline cyangwa diyabete, ntugatinye kubaza muganga wawe, umuforomo wa diyabete, cyangwa umufarumasiye. Bose biteguye kugufasha no kugusubiza ibibazo byawe.

Ukoresheje insuline neza, ukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe, urya indyo yuzuye, kandi ugakora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi, ushobora kwihanganira diyabete yawe neza kandi ukagira ubuzima bwiza. Ndakwifurije ibyiza byose!

Insulini , Diyabete, Ubwoko bwa Insulini, Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'isukari mu maraso, Inshinge za Insulini, Apidra, Novolog, Humalog, Lantus, Levemir, Tresiba, NPH