Reka twige gusa kuri utu turemwa duto tudutera kurwara - 'Imikorobe'!

Umubiri wawe ni nk'imashini itangaje, si byo se? Ikora cyane umunsi wose! Isya ibiryo, ipompa amaraso na ogisijeni mu mubiri wose, yohereza ubutumwa buturutse mu bwonko, n'ibindi byinshi! Ariko kandi, hari n'abanzi bato, b'injiji bashobora kurwara imibiri yacu. Ni bo twita 'udukoko'. Ese tuvuge kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva? Icyo gihe nta kintu cyo gutinya, kandi ushobora kubimenya.

Izi 'nzabi' ni izihe mu by'ukuri?

Abana bamwe bato bashobora gutekereza ko 'udukoko' ari udukoko duto cyangwa ikintu nk'icyo. Ariko mu by'ukuri, 'udukoko' ni utunyabuzima duto cyane. Ni duto cyane ku buryo tudashobora kubibona n'amaso yacu. Tugomba gukoresha mikorosikopi kugira ngo tubone. Binjira mu mibiri yacu mu buryo buhishe cyane, tutabizi. Mu by'ukuri, ntituzi ko binjiye mu mibiri yacu. Ni iyo tubonye ibimenyetso by'uburwayi, nk'umuriro cyangwa ibicurane, ari bwo tubona tuti: "Oh, twumva nk'aho hari umuntu waduteye!"

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa 'mikorobe'?

Udukoko turi hose ku isi, ahantu hose. Dushobora kwanduza ibimera, inyamaswa, n'abantu. Hari igihe turwara.

Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa 'mikorobe':

Bagiteri ni iki?

Izi ni ibinyabuzima bito cyane, bifite akaremangingo kamwe. Bibona intungamubiri bakeneye kugira ngo bibeho mu bidukikije. Hari igihe iyo miterere iba umubiri wacu. Bagiteri zishobora gukurira hanze cyangwa imbere mu mubiri zigatera indwara. Urugero, indwara zo mu matwi, kubabara mu muhogo (nk'indwara zo mu muhogo cyangwa indwara zo mu muhogo), imiyoboro y'amazi, n'umusonga byose biterwa na bagiteri.

Ariko, si bagiteri zose ari mbi. Bagiteri zimwe na zimwe mu by’ukuri ni nziza ku mibiri yacu - zifasha umubiri wacu kugumana uburimbane. Izi bagiteri nziza ziba mu mara yacu. Zifasha imibiri yacu kwinjiza intungamubiri mu byo turya kandi zikadufasha gusohora ibisigaye nk'imyanda. Tekereza, iyo tudafite izi 'mikorobe' zingirakamaro, uko ibiryo twarya byaba byiza kose, ntitwashoboraga kubibyaza umusaruro! Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa bagiteri mu gukora imiti n'inkingo.

None se virusi ni iki?

Izi 'mikorobe' zigomba kwinjira mu karemangingo kazima kugira ngo zikure kandi zororoke. Virusi ntizishobora kubaho igihe kirekire zitari mu kintu kizima (nk'ibimera, inyamaswa, cyangwa umuntu). Ikintu kizima virusi ibamo cyitwa host. Iyo virusi zinjiye mu mubiri w'umuntu, zirakwirakwira kandi zigatera abantu kurwara. Indwara nyinshi, nka chickenpox, measles, n'ibicurane, ziterwa na virusi. Ushobora kwibuka ko COVID-19 nayo ari indwara iterwa na virusi.

Ese natwe twige ku bihumyo?

Ni ibinyabuzima bifite utunyangingo twinshi, bisa n'ibimera. Ariko bitandukanye n'ibindi bimera, ibihumyo ntibishobora kwikorera ibiryo byabyo mu butaka, mu mazi cyangwa mu mwuka. Ahubwo, ibihumyo bibona intungamubiri zabyo mu bimera, mu bantu no mu nyamaswa. Bikunda gutura ahantu hashyushye kandi hatose. Ibihumyo byinshi ntabwo ari bibi ku bantu bazima. Urugero rw'indwara y'ibihumyo ni umukinnyi w'ikirenge. Ni indwara itera gushwara hagati y'amano y'abantu bamwe na bamwe.

Protozoa ni bande?

Izi ni ibinyabuzima bifite akaremangingo kamwe. Protozoa (`(Protozoa)`) zikunda ubushuhe. Zikunze gukwirakwiza indwara binyuze mu mazi. Hari ubwoko bwa protozoa butera indwara zo mu mara. Hanyuma ibimenyetso nk'impiswi, isesemi, no kubabara mu gifu biragaragara. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kunywa amazi meza.

Izi 'nzabi' zigira izihe ngaruka iyo zimaze kwinjira mu mubiri?

Iyo mikorobe zinjiye mu mibiri yacu, zitangira gukwirakwira, nk'aho "zicaye neza." Zikoresha intungamubiri n'ingufu zacu. Zishobora kandi gukora uburozi. Ubu burozi ni poroteyine zigira uburozi. Ubu burozi ni bwo butera ibimenyetso by'indwara zikunze kwandura, nko kugira umuriro, kuva mu mazuru, kubyimba uruhu, gukorora, kuruka no gucibwamo.

None se, abaganga bamenya bate ibyo izi mikorobe zikora? Bareba kure gato. Bafata ingero z'amaraso yawe, inkari, cyangwa andi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri wawe bakayareba bakoresheje mikorosikopi cyangwa bakayohereza muri laboratwari kugira ngo bakorerwe isuzuma ryinshi. Hanyuma abaganga bashobora kumenya neza mikorobe ziri mu mubiri wawe n'uko zigutera indwara.

Ni gute twakwirinda izi 'mikorobe'?

Mikorobe nyinshi zikwirakwira mu kirere. Ibyo bivuze ko atari iyo witsamuye cyangwa ukorora gusa, ahubwo no iyo uhumeka. Byongeye kandi, mikorobe zishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu byuya, amacandwe n'amacandwe. Mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukwirakwira ziva ku muntu zijya ku wundi zikoze ku kintu gifite mikorobe. Urugero, niba uhana ikiganza n'umuntu ufite ibicurane hanyuma ugakora ku mazuru yawe n'ukuboko, ushobora kurwara.

Rero, kwirinda ibintu bishobora gukwirakwiza mikorobe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda.

Dore ibintu ugomba gukora:

Gukaraba intoki: uburyo bworoshye kandi bwiza bwo kwirinda!

Gukaraba intoki neza kandi kenshi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurwanya mikorobe. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane, ntukibagirwe.

• Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe nyuma yo gukorora cyangwa kwitsamura.
• Karaba intoki mbere yo kurya na mbere yo gutegura ibiryo.
• Menya neza ko wogeye intoki nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero.
• Karaba intoki zawe nyuma yo gukora ku nyamaswa cyangwa gukina n'amatungo.
• Karaba intoki zawe nyuma yo gukinira hanze.
• Karaba intoki zawe nyuma yo gusura umuvandimwe cyangwa inshuti irwaye.

Hari uburyo bwiza bwo gukaraba intoki zawe. Koresha amazi ashyushye cyangwa akonje n'isabune, suka intoki zawe hamwe, hanyuma ukaraba byibuze amasegonda 20. Icyo ni cyo gihe bifata kugira ngo uririmbe "Isabukuru Nziza" kabiri.

Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru yawe igihe witsamuye cyangwa ukorora!

Upfuke amazuru n'umunwa wawe iyo witsamuye, kandi upfuke umunwa wawe iyo witsamuye. Ibi bizafasha kugabanya ikwirakwira rya mikorobe ku bandi. Koresha agatambaro niba bishoboka, hanyuma ukajugunye neza. Niba udafite agatambaro, korora cyangwa kwitsamura mu nkokora yawe, ntabwo ari mu maboko yawe!

Shaka inkingo/inkingo!

Nta muntu ukunda guterwa inshinge, ariko izi nkingo zifasha gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe no kugufasha kurwanya mikorobe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gufata inshinge zawe ku gihe.

Wite ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe!

Fasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza urya indyo yuzuye, ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi, kandi ugasinzira bihagije. Ibi byose bigutegurira kurwanya mikorobe zishobora gutera indwara.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo buturutse ku byo twaganiriyeho

Noneho twavuze byinshi kuri 'udukoko' ubu. Mu magambo make, dore ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba kwibuka:

• Udukoko ni utunyabuzima duto cyane dushobora kudutera indwara.
• Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa 'udukoko', kandi ingaruka zatwo ziratandukanye.
• Ingeso zoroshye zo kuvura isuku nko gukaraba intoki bigira uruhare runini mu kwirinda mikorobe. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane!
• Gukingirwa no kubaho ubuzima bwiza bikomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu.
• Noneho ko umaze kumenya ibyerekeye 'udukoko', ntugatinye, kora neza kandi umenye byinshi.

Ushobora kurwara ibicurane cyangwa grippe rimwe na rimwe. Ariko ubu uzi uburyo bwo kurwanya izi "mikorobe" zihishe kenshi. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Udukoko , bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, protozoa, gukaraba intoki, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, kwirinda