Amaraso ni iki? (Amaraso) Reka tuvuge kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye!

Ese wigeze ugira igikomere gito ukabona igitonyanga kimwe cyangwa bibiri by'amaraso atukura bivamo? Wenda ni igihe ukata ikiganza cyawe n'urupapuro. Twese tuzi ko amaraso ari ikintu gitukura. Ariko se, aya maraso ni iki mu by'ukuri? Ni uruhe ruhare aya maraso agira mu mibiri yacu? Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, nko kuvugana n'inshuti.

Amaraso ni iki kandi kuki ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe?

Mu magambo make, amaraso ni ingenzi kugira ngo tubeho. Ni nk'amavuta ku modoka, amaraso ku mubiri wacu. Ayo maraso ni yo atwara ibintu buri gice cy'umubiri wacu, ni ukuvuga buri karemangingo n'ingingo, bikenera gukora. Tekereza nk'imodoka y'amakamyo itwara ibicuruzwa mu mujyi wose.

• Itwara ogisijeni: Iyo duhumeka, ogisijeni yinjira mu bihaha byacu ijyanwa n'amaraso mu turemangingo twose tw'umubiri wacu. Iyo tudafite ogisijeni, uturemangingo twacu ntidushobora kubaho.
• Itanga intungamubiri: Intungamubiri , nka glucose, zigogorwa kandi zigashyirwa mu biryo turya zikwirakwizwa mu mubiri wose binyuze mu maraso. Izi nibyo biha uturemangingo twacu imbaraga.
• Gukuraho imyanda: Amaraso atwara imyanda ( nk'umwuka wa karubone) ikorwa n'uturemangingo twacu tuyisubiza mu bihaha, aho tuyisohora. Amaraso kandi afasha gukura indi myanda mu mubiri binyuze mu ngingo nk'impyiko n'umwijima.
• Irinda indwara: Hari uturemangingo twihariye mu maraso turwanya mikorobe, nka bagiteri na virusi, twinjira mu mibiri yacu tukaturinda indwara . Ni nk'ingabo z'ubwirinzi ziri mu mibiri yacu.
• Imisemburo itwara ubutumwa: Imisemburo ni ubutumwa bw'ibinyabutabire bugenzura buri gikorwa cyose mu mubiri wacu. Iyi misemburo iva ahantu hamwe ijya ahandi mu maraso.
• Igenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri: Amaraso afasha kandi kubungabunga ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wacu.
• Ihagarika kuva amaraso iyo yakomeretse: Amaraso ashobora kandi kugenzura kuva amaraso mu gukumira kuva amaraso menshi ndetse no ku gikomere gito, bigatuma amaraso yifunga (amaraso yifunga) .

Urabona, amaraso si ikintu gito gitukura gusa, ahubwo ni ikintu kigoye cyane kandi gitangaje gikomeza ubuzima bw'imibiri yacu!

Amaraso akozwe n'iki?

Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ibintu bigize iki kintu gitangaje, amaraso. Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'amaraso.

1. Plasma - Iki ni igice cy'amazi.

2. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso - Utu ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tureremba muri plasma.

Plasma ni iki?

Tekereza, niba amaraso ari nk'isalade y'imbuto, ubwo plasmaNi nk'umutobe utemba uduce tw'imbuto muri iyo salade. Ariko iyi ni amazi y'umuhondo. 55% by'amaraso yacu ni yo yonyine ari yo plasma .

Plasma igizwe ahanini n'amazi. Ariko si amazi gusa, irimo n'ibindi bintu byinshi by'ingenzi:

• Poroteyine: Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa poroteyine, nka albumin, globulin, na fibrinogen. Izi poroteyine zifasha mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso, gukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya indwara, no gufasha amaraso kubumba.
• Intungamubiri: Ibintu nka glucose, aside amine, vitamine, na aside irike twavuze mbere bijyanwa mu turemangingo binyuze muri plasma.
• Imisemburo: Imisemburo igenzura imikorere itandukanye mu mubiri wacu irashonga muri iyi plasma.
• Electrolyte: Umunyu nka sodium, potasiyumu na kalisiyumu. Ibi ni ingenzi mu mikorere y'imitsi n'imikorere y'imitsi.
• Imyanda: Imyanda nka urea iva mu turemangingo nayo ijyanwa mu mpyiko hakoreshejwe plasma.

Rero, plasma si amazi gusa, ahubwo ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo umubiri wacu utwara abantu, uburyo bwo gutanga intungamubiri, uburyo bwo guta imyanda, n'uburyo bwo kwirwanaho.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso?

Noneho reka tuvuge ku tunyangingo tw'amaraso tureremba mu mazi yitwa plasma. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'utwo tunyangingo tw'amaraso. Buri bwoko bufite akazi kabwo.

1. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura / Erythrocytes - Uturemangingo tuzana ubuzima mu mibiri yacu!

Utu ni two turemangingo twinshi cyane mu maraso yacu. Mu by’ukuri, utwo turemangingo dutukura ni two dutuma amaraso aba ibara ritukura. Utu turemangingo ni duto cyane, dufite ibice bibiri. Tuvuge ko ari nk'uduti duto, ariko aho kuba umwobo hagati, hari umwobo hagati.

• Inshingano nyamukuru: Poroteyine yihariye yitwa "Hemoglobin" mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yemerera utwo turemangingo gutwara ogisijeni . Ogisijeni dukura mu bihaha ifatana na hemoglobine kandi itwarwa n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tujya mu tundi turemangingo twose two mu mubiri. Binafasha kugarura imwe muri dioxyde de carbone ikorerwa mu turemangingo mu bihaha.
• Igihe cy'ubuzima: Ingirabuzima fatizo imwe itukura imara iminsi igera kuri 120. Nyuma y'ibyo, zirangirika mu mwijima no mu ruhu, hanyuma hakavuka uturemangingo dushya.
• Bikorerwa he?: Uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dukorerwa ahantu hitwa umwongo w’amagufwa mu magufwa yacu manini.
• Ibibazo: Iyo umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ugabanutse, cyangwa niba ingano ya hemoglobine igabanuka, umubiri wacu ntubona ogisijeni ihagije. Iyi ndwara tuyita "Anemia" . Hanyuma ibimenyetso nk'umunaniro, ububobere, no kugorwa no guhumeka bishobora kubaho.

2. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru / Leukocytes - Abasirikare b'umubiri bashinzwe kwirwanaho!

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso bwera ni two dusirikare tw’ingenzi mu buvuzi bw’umubiri wacu . Ni tunini kurusha uturemangingo dutukura, ariko umubare watwo mu maraso ni muto ugereranyije n’uw’uturemangingo dutukura.

• Inshingano nyamukuru: Inshingano nyamukuru y'izi selile ni ukurwanya no gusenya mikorobe (bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, udukoko) twinjira mu mubiri wacu, no kuturinda indwara . Binafasha mu kumenya no gusenya uturemangingo tudasanzwe, nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri.
• Ubwoko butandukanye: Ntabwo ari ubwoko bumwe gusa bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Nk'uko hari regiments zitandukanye mu ngabo, hari n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Buri bwoko bufite akazi kabwo:
• Neutrophils: Izi ni zo selile z'umweru ziboneka cyane. Zirwanya ahanini indwara zandura ziterwa na bagiteri.
• Lymphocytes: Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa lymphocytes, B-cells na T-cells. B-cells zikora antibody . Izi antibody ni poroteyine zidasanzwe zifasha kumenya no kwibasira mikorobe. T-cells zisenya uturemangingo twanduye kandi zikagenzura izindi selile zirinda indwara.
• Monocytes: Izi ni zo selile z’umweru nini cyane. Iyo ziva mu maraso zijya mu turemangingo, zihinduka selile zitwa macrophages, "zimira" zikanasukura mikorobe, selile zapfuye, n’izindi myanda.
• Eosinofili: Izi zirwanya cyane cyane indwara zandurira mu mitsi. Zishobora no kugaragara mu mikorere y'ubwivumbure.
• Basophil: Izi ni zo selile ntoya z'amaraso. Zirekura imiti nka histamine mu gihe cy'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure.
• Bikorerwa he?: Utu tunyangingo tw’amaraso twera dukorerwa cyane cyane mu musokoro w’amagufwa. Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe, nka lymphocytes, na bwo bukurira ahantu nka lymph nodes.
• Ibibazo: Umubare udasanzwe w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera ushobora kugaragaza indwara zitandukanye. Urugero, ubwandu bushobora gutuma umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera wiyongera. Leukemia ni kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera.

3. Platelets / Thrombocytes - Intwari nto zihagarika kuva amaraso!

Platelets mu by’ukuri si uturemangingo twuzuye. Ni uduce duto cyane tw’uturemangingo dusenyuka tuva mu turemangingo tunini twitwa megakaryocytes mu musokoro w’amagufwa. Ntabwo dufite nucleus.

• Akazi k'ingenzi: Iyo dukomeretse ahantu runaka mu mubiri wacu maze imiyoboro y'amaraso ikavunika, bifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso.Iyi ni yo nshingano nyamukuru y’izi platelets z’amaraso. Zigera aho zakomeretse zigaterana zigakora "agapfunyika" gafatana. Hanyuma zigahuza na poroteyine yitwa fibrinogen muri plasma kugira ngo zikore amaraso afunganye, bigatuma amaraso ahagarara burundu.
• Bikorerwa he?: Ibi bikorerwa no mu musemburo w'amagufwa.
• Ibibazo: Iyo umubare wa platelets mu maraso ugabanutse (iyi ndwara yitwa 'Thrombocytopenia'), kuvura amaraso bishobora gutinda. Hanyuma, ndetse n'igisebe gito bishobora kugorana guhagarika kuva amaraso, kandi uruhu rushobora gukomereka byoroshye. Ushobora kuba warumvise ko uyu mubare wa platelets mu maraso ugabanuka mu ndwara nka dengue. Nanone, kwiyongera kudasanzwe mu mubare wa platelets cyangwa imikorere yazo idasanzwe bishobora gutuma habaho kuvura amaraso bitari ngombwa ('Thrombosis').

Noneho ushobora kuba usobanukiwe ko amaraso atari amazi atukura gusa, ahubwo ko ari ibintu byinshi bigoye kandi bitangaje bibaho muri yo.

Kuki amaraso ari umutuku?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Nkuko twabiganiriyeho, amaraso aba umutuku bitewe na poroteyine yitwa hemoglobine mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso . Iyi hemoglobine irimo icyuma. Iyo hemoglobine ifatanye na ogisijeni (okisihemoglobini), ifata ibara ry'umutuku wijimye. Ibi nibyo dukunze kubona mu maraso mu mitsi. Amaraso yo mu mitsi, afite ogisijeni nke (deoksihemoglobini), agira ibara ryijimye gato, ritukura. Ariko, inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe zifite amaraso y'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi kibisi, kuko amaraso yazo afite imiti itandukanye itwara ogisijeni. Amaraso yacu aba umutuku kubera hemoglobine!

Ese twese dufite ubwoko bumwe bw'amaraso? Reka twige bike ku bwoko bw'amaraso.

Ushobora kuba warumvise inkuru nka "Ubwoko bw'amaraso yanjye ni B" na "Izuba rikeneye amaraso ya O." Ibyo bivuze ko amaraso ya buri wese atari amwe. Hariho ikintu cyitwa "amatsinda y'amaraso" .

Ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso bugaragazwa na poroteyine zidasanzwe zitwa `Antigens` ku buso bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Sisitemu ebyiri z'ingenzi z'ubwoko bw'amaraso ni:

1. Sisitemu ya ABO: Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari ubwoko bune bw'amaraso: A, B, AB, na O.

2. Sisitemu ya Rh: Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari ubwoko bubiri: Rh positive (ifite Rh factor) na Rh positive (idafite Rh factor).

Ubusanzwe twita ubwoko bw'amaraso dukoresheje uburyo bwa ABO na Rh (urugero: A positive, O positive).

Kuki ubwoko bw'amaraso ari ingenzi?

Igikomeye cyane ni uko mu guterwa amaraso , ni ukuvuga iyo uhaye umuntu amaraso, ugomba gutanga ubwoko bw'amaraso bujyanye n'ubwo asanzwe. Iyo utanze ubwoko bw'amaraso bunyuranye, ingaruka mbi (`Transfusion reaction`) zishobora kubaho mu mubiri w'umuntu wahawe amaraso ndetse zishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niyo mpamvu, haba mu gutanga amaraso cyangwa mu guhabwa amaraso, ubwoko bw'amaraso buzwi neza kandi buhuye.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo amaraso yacu akomeze kuba meza?

Kugira ngo amaraso agire ubuzima bwiza, bigira uruhare runini mu mibiri yacu, ni ingenzi cyane. Hari ibintu bike byoroshye twakora kugira ngo bidufashe:

• Indyo yuzuye: Ugomba kurya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri fer (imboga z'imboga, inyama zitukura, ibinyamisogwe), aside folike, na vitamine B12 (ibi ni ingenzi mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso). Menya neza ko ushyiramo imboga n'imbuto mu mirire yawe.
• Nywa amazi ahagije: Amaraso ahanini ni amazi (plasma). Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwirinda umwuma mu mubiri kugira ngo amaraso agire ubuzima bwiza.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Imyitozo ngororamubiri irushaho gutera umuvuduko w'umutima n'amaraso atembera neza.
• Irinde kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi: Izi ngeso zigira ingaruka mbi ku maraso ndetse no ku buzima muri rusange.
• Gusuzumwa kwa muganga buri gihe: Ibizamini bisanzwe nko kubara amaraso yose (FBC) bishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo byose by'amaraso hakiri kare.

Wibuke ko kugira ubuzima bwiza ari byo bifasha mu kugira amaraso meza!

Incamake: Ibintu byo kwibuka

Sawa, none uyu munsi twaganiriye cyane ku maraso, si byo se?

Muri make, amaraso ni ikintu gifasha ubuzima gitwara ogisijeni n'intungamubiri kuri buri turemangingo two mu mubiri wacu, kikavanaho imyanda , kikaturinda indwara , kandi kigakora n'indi mirimo myinshi y'ingenzi.

Amaraso agizwe n'uturemangingo twitwa 'Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura' , 'Uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera' , na 'Platelets', zireremba mu mazi yitwa 'Plasma' . Buri turemangingo muri utwo dufite akazi kayo.

Ni ingenzi cyane gukomeza kugira akamenyero keza ko kurya, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kwirinda ingeso mbi kugira ngo amaraso yacu akomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku maraso yawe, ntutindiganye kugisha inama muganga. Kumenya umubiri wawe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubaho ubuzima bwiza.

Urabyumva? Ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza n'uyu mushongi utukura udasanzwe unyura mu mubiri wawe!

Amaraso , Plasma, Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, Uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, Platelets, Hemoglobine, Amatsinda y'amaraso