Inkuru amaraso yawe avuga - Byose ku birebana n'umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC)!

Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu cy'ingenzi cyane kuri njye nawe. Icyo ni ikizamini gikorerwa ku maraso ari mu mubiri wacu. Wenda wigeze wumva umuganga avuga ati "Reka dupime amaraso" iyo ugiye kwa muganga? Kimwe mu bipimo by'amaraso bikunze kugaragara kandi by'ingenzi ni "Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC)". Ibi bishobora kutubwira byinshi ku bakozi bato n'abarinzi bari mu mubiri wacu. Noneho, reka turebe icyo iki kizamini cya "CBC" ari cyo, impamvu gikorwa, n'icyo kitubwira?

Amaraso ni iki, kandi kuki ari ay'agaciro kuri twe?

Tekereza, umubiri wacu umeze nk'umujyi munini. Hari urusobe rw'imihanda yo gutwara ibicuruzwa, ubutumwa, n'imyanda ahantu hose muri uyu mujyi, si byo se? Uko ni ko amaraso atemba mu mitsi yacu ameze. Hari ibintu byinshi bitangaje muri aya maraso, ni nk'isi nto! Hari ibice bitatu ahanini twibandaho muri iki kizamini cya 'CBC'.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura - Ni wo maraso y'imibiri yacu

Ese uzi umuntu utwara umwuka wa ogisijeni winjira mu bihaha iyo duhumeka ukagera kuri buri karemangingo gato mu mubiri, kuva ku ntoki zacu kugeza ku turemangingo tw'ubwonko? Uwo murimo mwiza ukorwa n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, cyangwa 'Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (RBCs). Utu turemangingo duto, twizengurutse, dufite imiterere. Utu ni two dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose, tukawukwirakwiza muri buri karemangingo, hanyuma tukazana imyanda y'utwo turemangingo, 'Dioxyde de Carbone', mu bihaha. Tubona imbaraga zo kwiruka, gusimbuka, gukora, no gutekereza kuko utwo turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso dukora akazi katwo neza. Iyo utwo turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso turi hasi, tuvuga ibintu nka ''anemia'', ''yerurutse'', ''umunaniro muto'', ''kumva unaniwe''. Abaganga nabo bita iki kibazo '' anemia ''.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru - Abasirikare b'Ubwunganizi bw'Umubiri

Noneho reba, iyo mikorobe zitera indwara, nka bagiteri, virusi, n'ibihumyo, zigerageje kwinjira mu mibiri yacu, hari umuntu uzirwanya? Ni cyo uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, cyangwa 'Uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera (WBCs), dukorera. Aba bantu ni nk'ingabo na polisi mu gihugu cyacu. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera ni two duce tw'ingenzi cyane mu buvuzi bw'umubiri wacu.

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'utu turemangingo tw'amaraso twera, kandi buri bwoko bufite akazi kabwo.

• Uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe tw’amaraso twera tujya kuri mikorobe 'tukazirya' (ibi byitwa 'Phagocytosis').
• Izindi zikora poroteyine zidasanzwe zitwa `antibodies` zirwanya izo mikorobe. Izi antibodies zifata kuri izo mikorobe zikayihagarika.

Rero, iyo umubiri wacu urwaye indwara, umubare w’utu turemangingo tw’amaraso turiyongera kugira ngo twitegure kurwana. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’ubwivumbure, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw’utu turemangingo tw’amaraso na bwo bushobora kwiyongera.

Amaterasi - intwari nto zihagarika kuva amaraso

Uribuka igihe wagwaga urimo gukina cyangwa ukata ikiganza cyawe n'icyuma urimo gutema imboga, maze amaraso agahagarara nyuma y'igihe gito? Ibyo ni byo platelets, cyangwa 'Platelets' (irindi zina ni 'Thrombocytes'), bifasha. Mu by'ukuri izi si uturemangingo twuzuye, ahubwo ni uduce ducika mu turemangingo tunini mu igufwa. Ariko nubwo ari duto, bikora akazi gakomeye. Iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso wangiritse ahantu runaka maze amaraso agatangira kuva, izi platelets ni zo ziza aho ngaho vuba zigafatana, zigakora umuyoboro wo gufunga igikomere. Nk'uko bigenda iyo umwobo ukozwe mu mwobo uri ku muhanda, amabuye n'umucanga bikoreshwa mu kuwuzuza. Ibi byitwa kubumba amaraso . Iyo umubare w'izi platelets ugabanutse, bishobora kugorana guhagarika kuva amaraso ndetse no mu gikomere gito. Hari igihe, ishinya rishobora kuva amaraso, kandi umubiri ushobora guhinduka ubururu ahantu runaka (nk'aho wakubiswe gusa).

None se iki kizamini cy’umubare w’amaraso (CBC) ni iki?

Noneho, ubu ufite igitekerezo gito ku basirikare bakuru n'abakozi mu maraso yawe. Rero, iki 'Kibalo cyuzuye cy'amaraso (CBC)' ni ikizamini kibara umubare w'utu turemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, na plaquettes ziri mu gipimo cy'amaraso yawe. Si ibyo gusa, gishobora no gupima andi makuru y'ingenzi kuri utwo turemangingo, urugero, ingano y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, imiterere yatwo, n'ingano ya hemoglobin (Hémoglobin cyangwa Hb)`, poroteyine y'ingenzi cyane iri mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso dutwara ogisijeni. Kireba kandi umubare w'uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso turimo.

Umuganga ashobora gutegeka iki kizamini cya "CBC" kubera impamvu zitandukanye.

• Menya niba ufite indwara iyo ari yo yose: Iyo ufite ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, kubabara umubiri, umunaniro ukabije, kutagira uruhu, no kwandura indwara kenshi, ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba impamvu ari ubwandu, kubura amaraso, cyangwa ikindi kibazo.
• Reba uko indwara isanzwe ihagaze: Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe (urugero: kanseri y'amaraso, zimwe na zimwe zitera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri), impinduka ziba mu turemangingo tw'amaraso. Bityo, CBC ifasha kureba niba indwara iri mu nzira yo kuyirwanya no kumenya niba uburyo bwo kuyivura bukora.
• Reba ingaruka z'imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti imwe (urugero: chemotherapy, antibiyotike) ishobora kugira ingaruka ku igufwa, ari na byo bikora uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Rero, iyo uhawe iyo miti, iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari icyangiritse cyangwa kigabanya umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso.
• Mbere yo kubagwa bikomeye: CBC ni ingenzi mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo harebwe niba umubare w'amaraso uhagije, niba amaraso ashobora kuziba neza, ndetse niba hari ubwandu.
• Mu rwego rwo kwisuzumisha ubuzima buri gihe:Nubwo nta ndwara ihari, hari igihe CBC ishobora gukorwa nk'igice cy'isuzuma rya buri mwaka kugira ngo harebwe ko byose bikora neza mu mibiri yacu. Hari igihe bishobora kudufasha kumenya hakiri kare, kabone n'iyo byaba ari indwara itangira imbere muri twe tutabizi.

Ni iki twakwigira ku ikizamini cya CBC?

Iyo ubonye imibare n'inyuguti nyinshi muri iyi raporo ya `CBC`, ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Oh, iki ni iki?" Ntutinye. Muganga wawe ni we wenyine ushobora gusobanura neza iyi raporo no kuguha inama zijyanye n'imimerere yawe. Ariko kugira ngo ubone amakuru rusange, reka turebe bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ivuga.

Ibintu byo kureba ukurikije uburyo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso (RBC):

• Umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (RBC Count): Uyu ni umubare wose w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso mu mubiri. Iyo uyu mubare uri munsi y'ibisanzwe, ushobora kuba ugaragaza ko hari amaraso make mu mubiri.
• Hemoglobini (Hb): Iyi ni poroteyine iri mu turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso itwara ogisijeni. Kugabanuka kw’iki kigero nabyo ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’amaraso make. Ingano zisanzwe ziratandukanye ku bagabo, abagore, abana bato, n’abagore batwite.
• Hematocrit (Hct) / Ubwinshi bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso (PCV): Ibi bikubwira ijanisha ry'amaraso yawe rigizwe n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Muri make, ni nk'ubunini bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso mu maraso yawe. Ibi binafasha kumenya niba ufite amaraso make. Abaganga kandi bitondera uburyo agaciro ka 'PCV' gahinduka mu ndwara nka dengue.
• MCV (Ubwinshi bw'amaraso mu maraso), MCH (Ubwinshi bw'amaraso mu maraso), MCHC (Ubwinshi bw'amaraso mu maraso), RDW (Ubugari bw'uturemangingo dutukura): Izi nyuguti z'Icyongereza zikubwira ingano mpuzandengo y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe, ingano ya hemoglobine (Hb) mu karemangingo kamwe gatukura k'amaraso, uburyo hemoglobine irimo ubucucike mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, n'ingano y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (ni ukuvuga ingano zitandukanye). Ibi ni ibintu muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha kugira ngo amenye niba ufite amaraso make, byaba biterwa no kubura amaraso mu maraso, kubura vitamine B12 cyangwa aside folike (Megaloblastic Anaemia), indwara uvukana nka thalassemia, cyangwa ikindi kintu.

Ibintu byo kureba ku bijyanye n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera (WBC):

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru (WBC Count): Uyu ni umubare wose w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru mu mubiri. Iyo ibi biri hejuru y'ibisanzwe, akenshi biterwa n'ubwandu cyangwa kubyimba ahantu runaka mu mubiri. Hari igihe, uyu mubare ushobora kuba mwinshi cyane mu ndwara za kanseri nka leukemia. Nanone ni ikibazo iyo uyu mubare uri hasi y'ibisanzwe. Bishobora guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi (urugero: intangiriro za dengue), ibibazo by'umusemburo w'amagufwa, cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe.
• Umubare w'itandukaniro (DC):Ibi bikwereka ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso (cyane cyane) nk'ijanisha.
• Neutrophils: Aba ni bo basirikare b'ingenzi barwanya indwara za bagiteri. Ijanisha ryabo n'umubare wabo byiyongera mu gihe cy'indwara za bagiteri.
• Lymphocytes: Izi zifasha kurwanya indwara zandura virusi no kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Mu ndwara ziterwa na virusi nka dengue, igipimo cyazo gishobora kwiyongera, mu gihe igipimo cya neutrophils gishobora kugabanuka (ibi byitwa 'Relative Lymphocytosis').
• Monocytes: Izi kandi zikora ku kurwanya indwara, 'zisukura' uturemangingo twapfuye n'udukoko.
• Eosinofili: Izi zishobora kwiyongera mu ndwara ziterwa n'ubwivumbure (urugero: asima, eczema, ubwivumbure ku mite) n'indwara ziterwa n'udukoko (urugero: pinworms).
• Basophil: Izi nazo ni ingenzi mu ndwara ziterwa n'ubwivumbure n'izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe.

Ibintu byo gusuzuma ukurikije platelets:

• Umubare w'udupira tw'amaraso: Uyu ni umubare w'udupira tw'amaraso dufasha kuvura amaraso. Niba ari munsi y'ibisanzwe (ibi byitwa 'Thrombocytopenia'), hari amahirwe menshi yo kuva amaraso. Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'igabanuka ry'udupira tw'amaraso mu gihe cy'indwara ya dengue. Bishobora kuba bibi. Nanone, niba ari twinshi ('Thrombocytosis'), rimwe na rimwe udupira tw'amaraso dushobora kwirema mu miyoboro y'amaraso bitari ngombwa.

Icy'ingenzi cyane: Buri mubare muri iyi ufite "Ingano Isanzwe." Ariko ugomba kumenya ko izo ntera zishobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari, ndetse bitewe n'imyaka yawe, igitsina, n'uburebure. Rero, kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro nyabyo by'imibare iri muri raporo yawe, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe . Ntugatekereze ko ufite indwara urebye ibintu kuri interineti gusa cyangwa ukabigereranya na raporo y'inshuti yawe. Ibyo bizatera ubwoba butari ngombwa.

Ikizamini cya CBC gikorwa gute? Ese ni ikintu cyo gutinya?

Ubu ushobora kuba wibaza niba iki kizamini cya `CBC` ari ikintu ugomba gukora, cyangwa niba kizakubabaza. Nta cyo ugomba gutinya. Ni ikintu cyoroshye cyane, kandi bifata iminota mike gusa.

Ubusanzwe bisaba gufata icyitegererezo gito cy'amaraso mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe (ubusanzwe munsi y'inkokora yawe, aho bigaragara byoroshye). Ibi bikorwa na muganga, umuforomo wabyigiye, cyangwa umuhanga mu bya laboratwari muri laboratwari.

1. Ubwa mbere, aho amaraso azakurwa hasukurwa neza hifashishijwe umuti wica udukoko nka alcool.

2. Hanyuma, urushinge ruto, rworoshye (urushinge rutanduye) rushyirwa mu mitsi neza, maze amaraso akenewe (agera kuri mililitiro nke) agakusanywa mu muyoboro wihariye. Uyu muyoboro urimo ikintu kirwanya amaraso kuzura mu mubiri (anticoagulant) kibuza amaraso kuzura mu mubiri.

3. Nyuma yo gukuraho urushinge, shyira agace gato ka plaster cyangwa ipamba ku gice cy'umubiri hanyuma ugifateho igihe gito kugeza igihe amaraso ahagaze burundu.

Iyo urushinge rushyizwemo, rushobora kumva nk'aho ari agakoko gato cyangwa umubu kakuruma . Ariko rumara amasegonda make gusa. Nyuma y'ibyo, nta bubabare buhari. Hari abantu batinya urushinge gato, ibi ni ibisanzwe. Niba umeze utyo, ushobora kureba kure ugafata umwuka mwinshi mu gihe amaraso arimo gukururwa. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ubwoba gato. Gufata ukuboko kwawe igihe gito nyuma yo gukururwa amaraso bizafasha no kugabanya amahirwe yo kuba agace gahinduka ubururu.

Hanyuma iyi sample y'amaraso yoherezwa muri laboratoire, aho ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twavuzwe haruguru bubarwa hanyuma amakuru yatwo agasuzumwa. Ubusanzwe bishobora gufata amasaha make, rimwe na rimwe ku munsi, kugira ngo raporo igere, bitewe n'umukoro w'iyo laboratoire.

None se, ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka kuri iyi CBC? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Twaganiriye cyane ku ikizamini cya `Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC). Dore rero ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka muri ibi byose:

• "CBC" ni ikizamini gisanzwe kandi cy'agaciro gipima ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo mu maraso yawe, ari two turemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, na plaquettes, ndetse n'ibindi bintu by'ingenzi bigira uruhare mu mikorere yatwo (nk'urugero rwa hemoglobine).
• Iki kizamini kigufasha gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe mu mubiri wawe (urugero: kubura amaraso, indwara zitandukanye, kanseri zimwe na zimwe), kureba uko indwara ihagaze ubu, no gukurikirana ingaruka z'imiti.
• Buri bwoko bw'uturemangingo mu maraso bufite akazi kabwo. Uturemangingo dutukura dutwara ogisijeni, uturemangingo twera turinda indwara, kandi uduce duto tw'amaraso duhagarika kuva amaraso. Iyo kimwe muri ibi kibuze, ubuzima bwacu bushobora kugira ingaruka.
• Ni ngombwa gusigira umuganga ibisobanuro by'imibare n'inyuguti biri muri raporo ya `CBC`. `Ingano isanzwe` ishobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari. Rero, ntugahite ufata umwanzuro ngo ugire ubwoba cyangwa ugire amatsiko bitari ngombwa.
• Gutanga amaraso ni uburyo bworoshye cyane busaba ububabare buto, bumara amasegonda make. Nta cyo ugomba gutinya.
• Niba urwaye cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bitazwi (urugero: umunaniro udashira, umuriro ukabije, kuva amaraso mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri), hita ubonana na muganga kugira ngo akugire inama. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, ashobora gutumiza "CBC" cyangwa ibindi bipimo.

Amaherezo, iki kizamini cya `CBC` ni nk'indorerwamo ivuga byinshi ku isi nto iri mu mubiri wacu, ku buzima bwacu. Kubwibyo, ni ingirakamaro cyane kuri twe gukora iki kizamini mu gihe gikwiye, tugakoresha amakuru twakuyemo neza, kandi tugakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza. Twifurije buri wese ubuzima bwiza!

Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso, CBC, ibizamini by'amaraso, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, plaquettes, hemoglobin, isuzuma