Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye, wihebye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ukumva urambiwe gato. Buri wese ahura n'ibi bintu uko ubuzima bukomeza. Ariko se, ufite iki mibabaro, kwiheba, no kubura imbaraga mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi? Ese ni nk'igicu cyijimye gitwikiriye ubwenge bwawe? Ese wumva unaniwe cyane ku buryo utashobora no gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi neza? Niba ari uko bimeze, iyi ngingo tuvuga uyu munsi izaba ingenzi cyane kuri wewe. Ibi ni byo twita mu buvuzi 'depression', cyangwa Major Depression cyangwa Clinical Depression .
Ihungabana rikomeye ry’ihungabana ni iki?
Muri make, kwiheba ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa irenze kumva ubabaye gusa kandi ikaba irimo imiti ikoreshwa mu bwonko bwacu. Si umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri gusa y'agahinda, ahubwo ni agahinda gakomeye kamara hafi umunsi wose mu byumweru bibiri kandi karangwa no kubura ubushake mu bintu wakundaga.
Dukurikije igitabo cy’indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5), hari ibindi bimenyetso byinshi bishobora kugaragara usibye ibi bimenyetso bibiri by’ingenzi. Tekereza nawe, ese nawe uhura n’ibi bintu?
| Ibimenyetso | Ibyo wumva umeze ute? |
|---|---|
| Umunaniro uhoraho | Numva nta mbaraga mfite. Numva ntashaka gukora n'akantu gato cyane. Nubwo nasinzira umunsi wose, umunaniro ntuzashira. |
| Kumva nta gaciro ufite cyangwa kwicira urubanza bikabije | Buri gihe ntekereza ibintu nka "Ntacyo bimbwiye", "Byose ni ikosa ryanjye". Buri gihe nicuza amakosa ya kera. |
| Kugorwa no gushyira ibitekerezo hamwe no gufata ibyemezo | Sinshobora gukomeza gutekereza ku gusoma igitabo, kureba televiziyo, cyangwa gukora akazi. Mara amasaha menshi ntekereza ku cyemezo gito cyane. |
| Impinduka mu gusinzira | Ushobora kuba udashobora gusinzira uko wabigerageza kose (Kubura ibitotsi) cyangwa wumva usinziriye umunsi wose kandi ugasinzira cyane kuruta uko bikwiye (Hypersomnia). |
| Anhedonia (kubura ibyishimo mu kintu icyo ari cyo cyose) | Icyifuzo cyo kuganira n'inshuti, kumva indirimbo, cyangwa kureba filime nari mfite ubu cyarashize burundu. Nta kintu na kimwe kintera ibyishimo. |
| Kudatuza cyangwa gutinda k'umubiri | Waba wumva udatuje kandi udashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe, cyangwa umuvuduko wawe wo kuvuga, gutekereza, cyangwa kugenda ukagabanuka mu buryo budasanzwe. |
| Ibitekerezo ku rupfu cyangwa kwiyahura | Numva ubuzima nta cyo buvuze. Ibitekerezo nka "Iyaba narapfuye" bigaruka mu bitekerezo kenshi. |
| Impinduka zikomeye mu buremere bw'umubiri | Kubura ubushake bwo kurya, cyangwa kwiyongera ibiro cyane bitewe no kurya cyane (impinduka z'ibiro zirenze 5% mu kwezi). |
Igikuru ni uko atari buri wese ufite kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso ufite ikibazo cyo kwiheba. Ariko niba bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bihuye kandi bikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi igihe kirekire, ugomba gushaka inama kwa muganga.
Ni nde wibasirwa cyane n'indwara yo kwiheba?
Kwiheba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu uwo ari we wese, mu kigero icyo ari cyo cyose, ariko hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyibasira.
Ese iyi ngaruka ni nyinshi ku bagore?
Yego. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abagore bafite amahirwe abiri yo kurwara indwara yo kwiheba kurusha abagabo. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera.
- Impinduka mu misemburo: Impinduka mu misemburo mu gihe cy'ubugimbi, imihango, gutwita, nyuma yo kubyara, no gucura bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko no gutera kwiheba.
- Igitutu cy'ubuzima:Ibi kandi biterwa n'imihangayiko abagore bahura nayo bitewe n'inshingano zabo, nko kuringaniza akazi n'imirimo yo mu rugo, kwita ku bana, no kwita ku babyeyi bageze mu zabukuru, mu muco w'igihugu cyacu.
Ese ibimenyetso biratandukanye ku bagabo iyo bahuye n'ihungabana?
Akenshi, abagabo batinda kubona ihungabana iyo ribayeho. Kubera ko imyumvire y’abantu nka "abagabo ntibagomba kurira" na "abagabo bagomba gukomera" ituma banga kuvuga ku byiyumvo byabo cyangwa gusaba ubufasha.
Bityo ihungabana ryabo rigaragara mu bundi buryo.
- Uburakari n'uburakari bidafite ishingiro.
- Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nabi (rimwe na rimwe biterwa no kwiheba, ubundi bikaba impamvu y'ihungabana).
- Kugira ingeso yo kugirira nabi abandi cyangwa kugirira nabi umuntu ubwe.
- Imyitwarire iteza akaga (nk'umuvuduko ukabije).
Ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zitera kwiheba?
Nta mpamvu imwe ihari itera kwiheba. Ni uruvange rw'ingaruka za genetiki, impinduka mu bwonko, n'ibintu bibaho mu buzima. Ibi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bishobora "gutera" ihungabana.
- Kubura uwo ukunda: binyuze mu rupfu, gutandukana, cyangwa gusenyuka k'umubano.
- Kwigunga mu bandi: Kwigunga, kumva uri wenyine.
- Impinduka zikomeye mu buzima: gutakaza akazi, kujya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, kwimukira mu kandi gace.
- Ibibazo by'imibanire: Ibibazo by'igihe kirekire mu muryango, ku kazi.
- Gukorerwa ihohoterwa ryo mu mutwe, ku mubiri cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.
Wamenya ute neza ko ufite ikibazo cyo kwiheba?
Iki ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Si byiza kwihitiramo ko ufite ihungabana. Kandi niba ukeka ko ufite ihungabana, si byiza kurihisha. Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukureba umuganga wujuje ibisabwa.
Muganga azagusuzuma neza, akubaze ibimenyetso byawe, kandi akubaze amateka yawe bwite n'ay'umuryango wawe.
Wibuke ko nta gipimo cy'amaraso, X-ray, cyangwa ikindi gipimo gishobora gusuzuma indwara yo kwiheba. Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora kugukorera ibizamini bimwe na bimwe by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe niba ufite izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'ihungabana. Urugero, hypothyroidism, thyroid gland idakora neza, na yo ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'ihungabana.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo kwiheba?
Dore inkuru nziza: Nubwo kwiheba ari indwara ikomeye, ishobora kuvurwa no gukira neza.
Uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ni ubu:
1. Imiti igabanya kwiheba: Imiti ikosora ihindagurika ry’imiti itera indwara mu bwonko. Iyi miti igomba gukoreshwa neza neza nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse. Bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo ubone umusaruro. Iyo umuti umwe udakora, muganga wawe azagerageza undi muti.
2. Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze: Buzwi kandi nka "ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga," ibi bikubiyemo kuganira n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umujyanama kugira ngo agufashe gusobanukirwa no gucunga amarangamutima yawe, ibitekerezo byawe, n'imyitwarire yawe.
Akenshi, umusaruro mwiza uboneka iyo ukoresheje ubwo buryo bwombi hamwe. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, iyo indwara idakira imiti, muganga ashobora kukwohereza ubundi buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura, nka ``Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)``.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kwiheba si intege nke z'umutima cyangwa igitekerezo cy'umuntu, ahubwo ni indwara nyayo kandi ivurwa.
- Hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yo kumva ubabaye no kwiheba. Irinde agahinda gakomeye, gutakaza inyungu, n'ibindi bimenyetso bimara ibyumweru birenga bibiri.
- Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi ufite ibi bimenyetso, nyamuneka ntubabare wenyine. Vugana na muganga. Gusaba ubufasha ni ikimenyetso cy'imbaraga.
- Ntureke gufata imiti wahawe na muganga wawe, cyane cyane imiti, utabanje gutekereza. Iyo uhagaritse gufata imiti kubera ko wumva umeze neza, indwara ishobora kugaruka.
- Ubufasha bwiza ushobora guha umuntu ufite ikibazo cy'ihungabana ni ukumusobanukirwa, kumwohereza kwa muganga, no kumuha imbaraga zo gukomeza urwo rugendo.
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